PKLQ@RVLJDJ KDFLGKDI MGRN@ BDVDJR@ NRGOEDKK

 Adfuitdj j` Lkn`kl`råd Flvli Drqult`fturd y N`gt`fkld

@sfu`id prga`slgkdi j` Drqult`fturd

 

@I F@E@KZG

@stujldkt`s= - Gkgrl Fogqu`fgtd K`isgk B`rzlf 284?-42?80:

  - Folpdkd Fglid Fdrigs Dkn`i 284?-42?808

  Fursg= t`fkgignåd j` igs edt`rldi`s D

  Jgf`kt`= Drq. Fdrigs Lväk Vdidedkfd Gvl`jg

Zdfkd ‖ X`rý
284<
 

  ÅKJLF@ pän.

4 J@JL
J@JLFDZGR
FDZGRLD...
LD........
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4. LKZRGJPFF
LKZRGJPFFLÖK..
LÖK.......
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2. DBVZRDFZ
DBVZRDFZ.....
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2 R@V@
R@V@ÔD
ÔD OLVZ
OLVZGRLFD
GRLFD.....
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.1

J@ALKLFLÖK........................................................................................................?

2.4 FDRDFZ@R
FDRDFZ@RLVZLF
LVZLFDV...
DV........
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2.2 XRGXL@JDJ
XRGXL@JDJ@V
@V J@I F@E@
F@E@KZG..
KZG.......
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.<

2.2.44 XRGX
2.2. XRGXL@JD
L@JDJ@V
J@V AÅVLFDV
AÅVLFDV \ E@FÄ
E@FÄKLFDV
KLFDV J@I F@E@
F@E@KZG.......<
KZG.......<

2.6 FIDV@V
FIDV@V / ZLXGV
ZLXGV.....
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...42
2.: KGE@KFIDZ
KGE@KFIDZPRD
PRD ZÌFK
ZÌFKLFD
LFD / FGE@
FGE@RFLDI
RFLDI.....
..........
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.....42

2.0 PVGV @K ID FGKV

FGKVZRPF
ZRPFFLÖK.
FLÖK......
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..............46
.....46

EÝIZLXI@V PVGV TP@ V@ I@ JD DI F@E@KZG J@KZRG J@ ID

FGKVZRPFFLÖK=...................................................................................................46

@ILM@ PK F@E@KZG J@ FDILJDJ VLK LEXGRZDR @I ZRDBDMG D

R@DIL]DR....................
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2.1 R@A
R@A@R@
@R@KFL
KFLDV
DV J
J@
@ GB
GBRDV
RDV LEX
LEXGRZ
GRZDKZ
DKZ@V
@V JGKJ
JGKJ@
@ V@ PVÖ @I

EDZ@RL
EDZ@RLDI
DI 40

2.1.44 EPRG J@ FGKFR

2.1. FGKFR@ZG
@ZG XIÄVZ
XIÄVZLFG
LFG @
@K
K DK
DKFDVO.
FDVO......
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......40

2.1.22 ID FGKV
2.1. FGKVZRPF
ZRPFFLÖK
FLÖK J@ R@XR
R@XR@VD
@VD @K ÄKFDV
ÄKFDVO.........
O...................41
..........41

2.1.66 BLBI
2.1. BLBILGZ@F
LGZ@FD
D FG
FGEPKLZ
EPKLZDRLD
DRLD @K ID EGILK
EGILKD....
D.........
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2.1.:: FDVD FODX

2.1. FODXD....
D.........
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.....4?
 

2.1.0
2.1.0 @I OG
OGVX
VXLZD
LZDI
I J@ @E
@E@RN
@RN@KF
@KFLDV
LDV J@
J@ FGQ
FGQLJ
LJ 4< @
@K
K ZDFKD
ZDFKD

4?

6 FGKF
FGKFIPFLÖ
IPFLÖK....
K.........
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BLBILGNRDAÅD..............................
BLBILGNRDAÅD....................................................
............................................
.............................................28
.......................28
 

4 J@JLFDZGRLD

@st` pr`s`kt` trdbdmg `stä j`jlfdjg prle`rde`kt` d Jlgs pgr dv`rkgs p`reltljg

ii`ndr `st` puktg `k ku`strds vljds, qu` sl`epr` kgs jd sdiuj y di Drq. Fdrigs Lväk

Vdidedkfd Gvl`jg jgf`kt` j`i fursg, qul`k s` od tgedjg `i drjug j` trdkseltlre` sus
fgkgflel`ktgs.
 

4. LKZRGJPFFLÖK

@k `st` trdbdmg s` trdtdrä df`rfd j`i f`e`ktg, qu` pgj`egs j`alklrig fgeg uk

fgknige`rdkt` agredjg d pdrtlr j` ukd e`zfid j` fdilzds y drfliids fdiflkdjds, y

 pgst`rlgre`kt` egiljds,
egiljds, qu` tl`k` id prgpl`jdj j` ``kjur`f`r
kjur`f`r di fgk
fgktdftg
tdftg fgk `i dnud.
dnud. @i
f`e`ktg e`zfidjg fgk dnr`ndjgs pìtr`gs (nrdvd y dr`kd) y dnud, fr`d ukd e`zfid

uklagre`, edi`dbi` y piästlfd qu` ardnud y s` `kjur`f`, djqulrl`kjg ukd fgkslst`kf

fgkslst`kfld
ld

 pìtr`d. @std e`zfid

e`zfid tdeblìk `s iid
iidedjd
edjd "fgkfr`tg"3
"fgkfr`tg"3 y pgr tgjg ig `xp
`xpr`sdjg
r`sdjg

dkt`rlgre`kt` `s qu` su usg `stä euy n`k`rdilzdjg `k gbrds j` fgkstrufflök ` lkn`kl`råd

flvli. Zdeblìk trdtdr`egs df`rfd j` id olstgrld j`i f`e`ktg, tlpgs j` f`e`ktg,

 prgpl`jdj`s j`i
j`i f`e`ktg y su prgf`sg j` ad
adbrlfdflök,
brlfdflök, dså fg
fgeg
eg gtrgs jdtgs e
eäs
äs

`sp`fåalfgs df`rfd j` `st` edt`rldi j` fgkstrufflök.

 

2. DBVZRDFZ

Zols wgrc wlii j`di wlto f`e`kt, wolfo w` fdk j`alk` ds d blkj`r agre`j arge d

elxtur` ga ile`stgk`s dkj fdiflk`j fidys, dkj subs`qu`ktiy nrgukj, wolfo ods to`

 prgp`rty ga odrj`klkn
odrj`klkn gk fgktdft
fgktdft wlto wdt`r. Zo` f`e
f`e`kt
`kt elx`j wlto stgk` dnnr`ndt`s
(nrdv`i dkj sdkj) dkj wdt`r, fr`dt`s d uklagre, edii`dbi` dkj pidstlf elxtur` todt s`ts

dkj odrj`ks, dfqulrlkn d stgk` fgkslst`kfy. Zols elx ls disg fdii`j "fgkfr`t`"3 dkj agr

dii to` dagr`e`ktlgk`j, lts us` ls v`ry wlj`spr`dj lk fgkstruftlgk dkj flvli `knlk``rlkn

wgrcs. ^` wlii disg jlsfuss to` olstgry ga f`e`kt, typ`s ga f`e`kt, prgp`rtl`s ga f`e`kt

dkj lts edkuadfturlkn prgf`ss, ds w`ii ds gto`r egr` sp`flalf lkagredtlgk dbgut tols

fgkstruftlgk edt`rldi.
 

2 R@V@ÔD OLVZGRLFD

J`sj` id dktlnù`jdj s` `epi`drgk `k ids pdstds y egrt`rgs `idbgrdjgs fgk

drfliid y`sg g fdi pdrd uklr edepu`stgs `k ids `jlalfdflgk`s.

Au` `k id dktlnud Nr`fld fudkjg `ep`zdrgk

`ep`zdrgk d usdrs` tgbds vgifäklfds (rgfds
ånk`ds) `xtrdåjds j` id lsid j` Vdktgrlkl, igs prle`rgs f`e`
f`e`ktgs
ktgs kdturdi`s. @k `i slnig L

D.F. V` `ep`zö d utlilzdr `i f`e`ktg kdturdi j` id dktlnud Rged, gbt`kljg `k Xgzzugil,

f`rfd j`i Q`sublg, `st` edt`rldi prgktg au` iidedjg ’F`e`ktg Rgedkg―. Adbrlfdrgk

ogrelnök (agredjg pgr ukd e`zfid j` f`e`ktg, dr`kd, dnud y nrdvd g pl`jrd

edfodfdjd)
edfodfdjd) fgk r`slst`kflds j` odstd 0 EXd fgk `i fudi fgkstruy`rgk sus adegsgs

egkue`ktgs.

@K @I X@RÝ=

@k `i slnig _QLLL Mgok Ve`dtgk fgkstruy` id fle`ktdflök j` uk adrg `k `i

dfdktlidjg j` @jystgk`, `k id fgstd Fgrkwdii, `epi`dkjg uk egrt`rg j` fdi fdiflkdjd.

@k `i slnig _L_, Mgs`po Dsplkj

Dsplkj y Mde`s Xdrc`r pdt`ktdrgk `k `i 4?2: `i ’Xg
’Xgrtidkj
rtidkj

F`e`kt―, j`kgelkdjg
j`kgelkdjg dså pgr su fgigr nrls v`rjgsg slelidr d id pl`jrd j` Xgrtidkj. Lsddf

Mgoksgk, `k 4?:0, gbtl`k` `i prgtgtlpg j`i f`e`ktg egj`rkg, fgk ukd e`zfid j` fdilzd

y drfliid fdiflkdjd d ditd `k ditd t`ep`rdturd. \d `k `i slnig __ surn`

surn` `i dun` j` id

lkjustrld j`i f`e`ktg, j`bljg d igs `xp`rle`ktgs j` igs quåelfgs ardkf`s`s Qlfdt y `i

di`eäk Elfodìils, qu` ignrdk f`e`ktg j` fdiljdj ogegnìk`d.

V` lklfld `k id jìfdjd j` 4?18, `k `a`ftg, `k 4?1:, s` lktrgjumg `k `i drdkf`i j`

Djudkds, id pdrtljd fgrr`spgkjl`kt` di j`kgelkdjg ’F`e`ktg Rgedkg―, kgebr`

lkdprgpldjg qu` j`slnkdbd uk prgjuftg fgk fdiljdj`s oljräuilfds j`sdrrgiidjg d lklflgs

j`i slnig 4?82 id lepgrtdflök j` f`e`ktg au` j` :,088 Z.E. Xgst`rlgre`kt`, `k 4<8: `i

lkn`kl`rg Elfo` Agrt pubilfö sus `stujlgs sgbr` igs ydflel`ktgs j` fdilzgs j`
 

Dtgfgkng, pgkj`rdkjg
pgkj`rdkjg ids prgy`fflgk`s j` su utlilzdflök lkjustrldi pdrd id adbrlfdflök

j` f`e`ktg.

Id lkjustrld p`rudkd j`i f`e`ktg, lklfld su dftlvljdj prgjuftlvd `k `i dôg 4<2:

fgk id pu`std `k edrfod j` id pidktd Edrdvliids, prgpl`jdj j` id fgepdôåd p`rudkd j`

f`e`ktg Xgrtidkj. Odstd e`jldjgs j`i slnig `i fgksueg `k gtrds r`nlgk`s au` euy
r`jufljg, dbdst`flìkjgs`
dbdst`flìkjgs` edygre`kt` pgr id lepgrtdflök, `k 4<00 lklfld id prgjufflök

f`e`ktg Folifd V.D., fgk ukd p`qu`ôd pidktd `k id igfdiljdj j`i elseg kgebr`

 pdsdkjg pgst`rlgre`kt`
pgst`rlgre`kt` d agredr pd
pdrt`
rt` j` id fgepdôåd
fgepdôåd p`rudkd j` f`e`ktg
f`e`ktg Xgrtidkj.

@i egkgpgilg qu` `xlståd `k `i pdås `k `i s`ftgr f`e`ktg, f`ktrdilzdjg `k id

r`nlök fdpltdi, s` rgeplö fgk id dpdrlflök `k `i dôg 4<0> fgk F`e`ktgs Xdfdsedyg

V.D., y F`e`ktg Dkjlkg V.D. `k 4<0?, debds `epr`sds prlvdjds. @k `i dôg 4<16, `k

Muildfd s` aukjö F`e`ktg Vur V.D.3 el`ktrds qu` Dr`qulpd kdfåd F`e`ktg \urd V.D.

 
 

J@ALKLFLÖK

F`e`ktg. @s uk fgknige`rdkt`

agredjg d pdrtlr j` ukd e`zfid j` fdilzd y

drfliid fdiflkdjds y pgst`rlgre`kt` egiljds,

qu` tl`k` id prgpl`jdj j` `kjur`f`r di

fgktdftg fgk `i dnud. E`zfidjg fgk

dnr`ndjgs pìtr`gs nrdvd, dr`kd y dnud, fr`d

ukd e`zfid uklagre`, edi`dbi` y piästlfd qu` ardnud y s` `kjur`f`, djqulrl`kjg

fgkslst`kfld pìtr`d. Vu kgebr` j`rlvd j` fd`e`ktue, qu` `k idtåk slnklalfd "drndedsd",

y prgf`j` d su v`z j`i v`rbg fd`j`r` (pr`flpltdr).

2.4 FDRDFZ@RLVZLFDV

Id alkurd j`i f`e`ktg lkaiuy` `k `i fdigr ilb`rdjg y `k id v`igfljdj j`

oljrdtdflök.

D edygr alkurd j`i f`e`ktg, edygr 

rdplj`z j` oljrdtdflök j`i f`e`ktg y pgr ig

tdktg edygr j`sdrrgiig j` r`slst`kfld.

Igs `a`ftgs qu` ukd edygr alkurd

 prgvgfd sgbr` id r`slst`kfld s` edklal`stdk prlkflp

prlkflpdie`kt`
die`kt` jurdkt` igs prle`rgs sl`t`

jåds.

Id alkurd s` elj` pgr e`jlg j`=

g @ksdyg j`i turbljåe`trg j` ^dnk`r.

g @ksdyg Bidlk` j` p`re`dbliljdj di dlr`.
g Zdeblìk fgk id ediid Kg.620.
 

2.2
2.2 XRGX
XRGXL@
L@JD
JDJ@
J@V
VJJ@I
@I F@
F@E@
E@KZ
KZG
G

 Bu`kd r`slst`kfld di dtdqu` quåelfg.

 R`slst`kfld d t`ep`rdturds `i`vdjds.
 R`ardftdrlg.
 R`slst`kfld lklfldi `i`vdjd qu` jlselkuy` fgk `i tl`epg. fgkv`rslök
lkt`rkd.
 V` od j` `vltdr `i usg j` dredjurds fgk `i tl`epg due`ktd id pgrgsljdj.
 Psg dprgpldjg pdrd bdmds t`ep`rdturds pgr s`r euy `xgtìrelfg.
 @stä prgolbljg `i usg j` f`e`ktg `k pr`t`ksdjg. Id vljd ýtli j` ids
`strufturds j` ogrelnök dredjg `s eäs fgrtd.
 @i a`köe`kg j` fgkv`rsök (due`ktg j` id pgrgsljdj y fdåjd j` id
r`slst`kfld) pu`j` tdrjdr `k dpdr`f`r `k fgkjlflgk`s j` t`ep`rdturd y
oue`jdj bdmd.
 V` r`fgel`kjd r`idflgk`s D/F ≪8.: ditd fdktljdj j` f`e`ktg y due`ktdr 
igs r`fubrlel`ktgs (j`bljg di pO eäs bdmg).

2.2.4
2.2.4 XRG
XRGXL@
XL@JDJ
JDJ@V
@V AÅVLF
AÅVLFDV
DV \ E@FÄK
E@FÄKLF
LFDV
DV J@I
J@I F@E
F@E@KZ
@KZG
G

2.2.4.4
2.2.4.4 prgpl`jdj
prgpl`jdj`s
`s aåslfds
aåslfds j`i f`e`ktg
f`e`ktg `kjur`fle
`kjur`flel`ktg
l`ktg pr`edtur
pr`edturg
g (adisg ardnudjg
ardnudjg y

 ardnudjg räpljg).
räpljg).

• @i adisg ardnudjg s` `vlj`kfld pgr id pìrjljd fgkslj`rdbi` j` pidstlfljdj,

lke`jldtde`kt` j`spuìs
j`spuìs j`i e`zfidjg, slk klknukd `vgiuflök j`i fdigr. @i adisg

ardnudjg gfurr` fudkjg ukd nrdk fdktljdj j` suiadtgs s` j`soljrdtdk.

• @i ardnudjg räpljg s` `vlj`kfld pgr ukd p`rjljd räpljd j` trdbdmdbliljdj `k id

 pdstd, egrt`rg g fgkfr`tg d ukd `jdj duk t`e

t`eprdkd.
prdkd. @stg `s kkgredie`kt`
gredie`kt` dfge
dfgepdôdjg
pdôdjg

j` ukd `vgiuflök fgkslj`rdbi` j` fdigr.

2.2.
2.2.4.
4.2
2 fd
fdig
igrr j` olj
oljrd
rdtd
tdfl
flök
ök,,

V` n`k`rd pgr id r`dfflök `ktr` `i f`e`ktg y `i dnud. Id r`idflök dnud-f`e`ktg,

id alkurd j`i f`e`ktg y id t`ep`rdturd j` furdjg tdeblìk sgk adftgr`s qu` lkt`rvl`k`k

`k id n`k`rdflök j` fdigr.
 

2.2.
2.2.4.
4.6
6 Pk due
due`k
`ktg
tg j`
j` id alk
alkur
urd,
d,

j`i fgkt`kljg j`i f`e`ktg y j` id t`ep`rdturd j` furdjg due`ktd `i fdigr j`

oljrdtdflök. Xgr gtrg idjg, `i due`ktg j` id t`ep`rdturd `k `i fgkfr`tg fdusdjg pgr `i

fdigr j` oljrdtdflök `s ar`fu`kt`e`kt` b`k`alflgsg `k filed arlg, pu`s dyujd d edkt`k`r 

ids t`ep`rdturds advgrdbi`s pdrd `i furdjg.

2.2.
2.2.4.
4.:
: R`sl
R`slst
st`k
`kfl
fld
d e`fä
e`fäkl
klfd
fd

id r`slst`kfld `s e`jljd d igs 6, > y 2? jåds, t`kl`kjg `stds qu` fuepilr igs

vdigr`s eåklegs. Xdrd j`t`relkdr id r`slst`kfld d id fgepr`slök, s` r`dilzd `i `ksdyg j`

id fgepr`slök (KB :>8= DVZE F48<), `k `i fudi s` usdk fubgs egrt`rg j` :fe. Xgr

idjg. @i egrt`rg pdrd ids pru`bds fgkstd j` ukd pdrt` j` f`e`ktg y 2.>0pdrt`s j` dr`kd

nrdjudjd `stäkjdr
`stäkjdr e`sfidjd fgk dnud. Igs fubgs j` egrt`rg s` pr`pdrdk `k egij`s qu`

s` fgepdftdk `k 2 fdpds fgk ukd vdrliid kgredilzdjd, s` j`md s`fdr ukd fäedrd fgk

oue`jdj edygr j` <8%. Iu`ng s` j`segijd s` fgigfd `k dnud sdturdjd j` gxln`kg j`.

@i `ksdyg s` ii`vd d fdbg `k id eäqulkd j` fgepr`slök, jgkj` s` fgigfdk igs fubgs y s`

i`s dpilfd pr`slök, odstd id rgturd. Igs fubgs sgk furdjgs ukds 2: ogrds `k igs egij`s,

iu`ng sgk r`egvljgs j` `stgs y sgk sun`rljgs `k dnud fgk Fdi. Odstd `i ege`ktg j`

r`dilzdrs` `i `ksdyg.

V`nýk `i tlpg j` f`e`ktg, id fgepgslflök j` igs fgepu`stgs y id alkurd j`i

f`e`ktg lkaiuy`k au`rt`e`kt` `k id r`slst`kfld d id fgepr`slök. Q`r id tdbid4.

 

2.2.
2.2.4.
4.0
0 @xpd
@xpdks
kslö
lök.
k.

@i `xf`sg j` fdi ilbr` g j` ednk`sld `k `i f`e`ktg jd pgr r`suitdjg `xpdkslök y

id j`slkt`nrdflök j`i ogrelnök o`fog fgk `s` f`e`ktg.

@k `i fdsg j` ednk`sld s` j`b` d id agredflök j` id p`rlfidsd, agredjg pgr `i

öxljg j` ednk`slg qu` s` grlnlkd fudkjg `i Filkc`r kg od sljg `karldjg räpljde`kt` di

sdilr j`i ogrkg. Id `xpdkslök prgjufljd pgr `i ednk`slg s` pr`s`ktd d idrng pidzg,

 prgjufl`kjg alsurds,
alsurds, pgr ig fudi id Kgred ileltd id fdktljdj
fdktljdj j` gxln`kg j`
j` ednk`slg di
di

1.8%.

2.2.
.2.4.1
4.1 Ai
Aiu
ulj`
lj`z.

@s ukd e`jljd j` id fgkslst`kfld j` id pdstd j` f`e`ktg `xpr`sdjd `k tìrelkgs

j`i lkfr`e`ktg j`i jläe`trg j` uk `spìfle`k egij`djg pgr uk e`jlg fgkg, j`spuìs j`

sdfujlr uk kýe`rg `sp`fåalfg j` v`f`s.

2.6 FIDV@V / ZLXGV

F@E@KZGV KDZPRDI@V=

F`e`ktg kdturdi räpljg= Vu ardnudjg alkdilzd dkt`s j` igs 68 elkutgs. @stä

kgredilzdjd ukd sgid fdt`ngråd.

 

F`e`ktg kdturdi i`ktg= Ids kgreds `stdbi`f`k jgs fdt`ngråds, jgkj` `i ardnudjg

fgel`kf` `k debds d igs 6½ elkutgs y qu` t`relk` dkt`s j` ids 42 ogrds.

F`e`ktg zuediid= R`slst` di dnud j` edr, `s j` ardnudjg räpljg, adbrlfdjg `k id

r`nlök f`e`kt`rd ]uedyd. Vu ardnudjg alkdilzd `ktr` igs 0 y 20 elkutgs.

F@E@KZGV DRZLALFLDI@V=
F`e`ktgs pgrtidkj= @i f`e`ktg bidkfg j`b` su fgigr d id dus`kfld j` öxljgs

aìrrlfgs (A`2G6), qu` sgk igs qu` i` jdk `i fdrdft`råstlfg fgigr nrls di f`e`ktg. @i

fdiflkdjg j`i edt`rldi od j` prgjuflrs` d t`ep`rdturds eäs ditds, pgr ig qu` `i fgksueg

`k`rnìtlfg `k id adbrlfdflök j`i f`e`ktg bidkfg `s edygr qu` `k `i f`e`ktg nrls.

F`e`ktgs slj`rýrnlfgs= `s `i prgjuftg qu` s` gbtl`k` j` id e`zfid fgkmuktd j`

filkqu`r, `sfgrdld bäslfd nrdkuidjd j` ditg ogrkg y y`sg

F`e`ktgs puzgiäklfgs

F`e`ktgs diuelkgsgs

2.
2.:: KGE@
KGE@KF
KFID
IDZP
ZPRD
RD ZÌ
ZÌFK
FKLF
LFD
D/F
FGE
GE@R
@RFL
FLDI
DI

@i f`e`ktg s` fge`rfldilzd `k bgisds j` :2.0 C. y d nrdk`i, j` dfu`rjg d igs

r`qu`rlel`ktgs j`i usudrlg.

Ids bgisds pgr ig n`k`rdi, sgk adbrlfdjds

a dbrlfdjds `k pdp`i crdat `xt`kslbi` tlpg Ciupdf

fgk vdrldbi` fgkt`kljg j` ogmds, qu` usudie`kt` `stäk `ktr` jgs y fudtrg, j` dfu`rjg d

igs r`qu`rlel`ktgs j` trdkspgrt` g edklpui`g. @k dinukgs fdsgs fudkjg id fgkjlflök j`i

`ktgrkg ig dfgks`md, vdk prgvlstds j` uk r`au`rzg lkt`rlgr j` pgilprgpli`kg. Ids bgisds

sgk `ksdydjds pdrd v`rlalfdr su pgrgsljdj di dlr`, dbsgrflök, lep`re`dbliljdj y

r`slst`kflds e`fäklfd
e`fäklfds.
s.
 

Zgjds ids `epr`sds jlspgk`k j` adfliljdj`s pdrd id v`ktd j` f`e`ktg d nrdk`i.

\urd fge`rfldilzd tdeblìk

tdeblìk `k bgisds j`kgelk
j`kgelkdjds
djds blns bdns j` 4.0 Zk
Zk.. PKDF@E

V.D.D. fu`ktd fgk ukd aigtd j` fdelgk`s tlpg bgebgk.

2.0
2.0 PVGV
PVGV @K ID FG
FGKV
KVZR
ZRPF
PFFL
FLÖK
ÖK
Jurdkt` eufoåslegs dôgs `i f`e`ktg od sljg fgkgfljg y fdtdigndjg fgeg uk p
prgjuftg
rgjuftg

r`die`kt` `s`kfldi y j` lepgrtdkfld j`ktrg j` id fgkstrufflök, j`bljg d qu` j`sj` odf`

slnigs s` od fdrdft`rlzdjg pgr s`r aukjde`ktdi `k präftlfde`kt` tgjg tlpg j`

fgkstrufflök , j`bljg d qu` sus usgs sgk eýitlpi`s y vdk j`sj` fudiqul`r drr`nig `i`e`ktdi j`

ukd `strufturd odstd nrdkj`s gbrds.

Xgr `std rdzök `s qu` `i f`e`ktg `s uk prgjuftg qu` s` od edkt`kljg fgeg ukg j`

igs eäs utlilzdjgs j`ktrg j`i äebltg j` id fgkstrufflök, y ig e`mgr `s qu` fgk `i tl`epg odk

sdiljg di e`rfdjg jlv`rsgs tlpgs j` f`e`ktg `sp`fldilzdjgs `k j`t`relkdjgs tlpgs j`

gbrds, pgr ig qu` `k id dftudiljdj ody vdrl`jdj y `s pgslbi` `sfgn`r `i eäs dj`fudjg j`

dfu`rjg di trdbdmg d r`dilzdr.

EÝIZLX
ZLXI@V PVG
VGV
V TP
TP@
@ V@ I@ JD DI F@E@
E@K
KZG J@K
@KZR
ZRG
G J@ ID
FGKVZRPFFLÖK=

Dukqu` t` pdr`zfd lkfr`åbi` `i f`e`ktg pdrd fgkstrufflök s` od fgkv`rtljg `k uk

 prgjuftg vltdi, pgrqu`

pgrqu` `s k`f`sdrlg
k`f`sdrlg pdrd odf`
odf`rr tdktg uk eurg slepi`
slepi`,, fgeg pdrd id
r`dilzdflök fgepi`td j` vlvl`kjds, `jlalflgs, pu`kt`s y egkue`ktdi`s gbrds, yd qu` `s

ýtli y s` r`qul`r` pdrd id `idbgrdflök j`i fgkfr`tg fgk `i qu` s` r`dilzdk igs plsgs,

 bigqu`s, idjrliigs,
idjrliigs, pdr`j`s y j`e
j`eäs
äs tlpgs j` `i`
`i`e`ktgs
e`ktgs `strufturdi`s
`strufturdi`s y tgjg ig qu` agred

 pdrt` j` `sg.

Vlk `ebdrng, t`k `k fu`ktd qu` d p`sdr j` qu` slrv` pdrd eufods fgsds, `i

dpilfdjg j`i f`e`ktg g j`i fgkfr`tg `s suede`kt` jla`r`kt` `k fdjd tlpg j` gbrd, yd

qu` `k id fgkstrufflök s` utlilzdk y dpilfdk jla`r`kt`s tlpgs j` tìfklfds qu` ndrdktlzdk

 

qu` `i trdbdmg s` odnd fgeg s` j`b`, y qu` `k fdjd gbrd s` fgkslnd `i r`suitdjg

`sp`rdjg. @k id fgkstrufflök kg pu`j` odb`r `rrgr`s pgrqu` `sg pgk` `k p`ilnrg id gbrd

y qul`k`s `stäk f`rfd j` `iid, yd qu` sl s` fd` pu`j` gfdslgkdr nrdkj`s jdôgs, lkfiusg

odstd egrtdi`s.

@ILM@ PK F@E@KZG J@ FDILJDJ VLK LEXGRZDR @I ZRDBDMG D

R@DIL]DR

 D p`sdr j` qu` fgk ig dkt`s `xpu`stg qu`jd fidrg qu` `i f`e`ktg slrv` pdrd fdsl tgjg

tlpg j` gbrds `k id fgkstrufflök, fudkjg s` vd d utlilzdr `s k`f`sdrlg sdb`r fuäi s`

k`f`sltd y `sfgn`r ukg j` fdiljdj pdrd ds`nurdr qu` qu`jdrä bl`k ig qu` s` vd d

fgkstrulr , yd qu` ody ukgs tlpgs j` f`e`ktg qu` sgk eäs r`slst`kt`s qu` gtrgs y

prgpgrflgkdk nrdk jur`zd, r`slst`kfld y au`rzd, ukgs kg s` r`fgel`kjd su usg `k `i`e`ktgs

`strufturdi`s, y gtrgs odstd sgk j` s`fdjg räpljg y dftýdk gar`fl`kjg lep`re`dbliljdj.

 
 

2.1 R@A@R@
R@A@R@KFL
KFLDV
DV J
J@
@ GB
GBRDV
RDV LEX
LEXGRZ
GRZDKZ
DKZ@V
@V JGKJ
JGKJ@
@ V@ PVÖ @I

EDZ@RLDI

2.1.4
2.1.4 EPR
EPRG
GJJ@
@FFGKF
GKFR@Z
R@ZG
GXXIÄV
IÄVZLF
ZLFG
G @K
@K D
DKFD
KFDVO
VO

id `m`fuflök j` id fgkstrufflök j`i eurg j` fgkfr`tg piästlfg, Fut-Gaa ^dii, y

fgrtlkd j` lep`re`dblilzdflök e`jldkt` lky`fflgk`s j` f`e`ktg pdrd `i r`fr`flel`ktg

j`i jlqu` ’Xgilsolkn Xgkj―. Pblfdjd `k ydkdfdfod `k `i j`pdrtde`ktg j` Äkfdso, j` id

Fgepdôåd Elk`rd Dktdelkd. Vgi`tdkfo` Bdfoy X`rý (VBX V.D.F).

@i slst`ed j` lep`re`dblilzdflök j` id fle`ktdflök j` id pr`sd fgkstd j` jgs

ads`s=

• Xdkt
Xdktdi
diid
id j` fgkf
fgkfr`
r`tg
tg piäs
piästl
tlfg
fg pd
pdrd
rd tr
trdt
dtde
del`
l`kt
ktgg j`
j` lep`
lep`re
re`d
`dbli
blilz
lzdf
dflö
lökk j`
j`

id fle`ktdflök j` id pr`sd, lkfiuy` id fgkstrufflök j` ukd pdktdiid j` fgkfr`tg piästlfg

j` uk dkfog kgelkdi j` 4.8 e`trg y odstd :8 e`trgs j` prgaukjljdj (`epgträkjgs` pgr

4 e`trg `k rgfd).
 

• Fgrtl
Fgrtlkd
kd j` le
lep`
p`re
re`d
`dbl
blil
ilzd
zdfl
flök
ök e`
e`jl
jldk
dkt`
t` lk
lky`
y`ff
fflg
lgk`
k`ss j` f`
f`e`
e`kt
ktgg `k
`k id

 pdrt` f`ktrdi j` id pr`sd (pgr j`bd

j`bdmg
mg j` id pdktdiid piästlfd) y `i pilktg lz
lzqul`rjg
qul`rjg pdrd

trdtdel`ktg j` lep`re`dblilzdflök j` id fle`ktdflök j` id pr`sd `k rgfd. @stds

lky`fflgk`s odk difdkzdjg

difdkzdjg igs 08 e j` prgaukjljdj eåkled `k rgfd ardfturdjd.

2.1.2
2.1.2 ID FGKVZR
FGKVZRPFF
PFFLÖK
LÖK J@ R@XR
R@XR@VD
@VD @K Ä
ÄKFD
KFDVO
VO

@i prgy`ftg d `m`futdr fgkt`epid id fgkstrufflö

fgkstrufflökk j` ukd r`pr`sd `k id zgkd j`

Pklökpdepd (fdptd ids dnuds j` 6 idnukds= Fusourgfgfod, \doudrfgfod y Vdqulfgfod)

fgk ukd fdpdfljdj j` diedf`kdel`ktg j` 4.00 eliigk`s j` e6 j` dnud pdrd dftlvljdj`s

dnrgp`fudrlds3
dnrgp`fudrlds3 id fgkstrufflök j` uk fdkdi `ktubdjg j` 41.: cliöe`trgs j` igknltuj y id

fgkstrufflök j` ukd s`rl` j` gbrds fgepi`e`ktdrlds, tdi`s fgeg bgfdtgeds3 fdptdflgk`s

fdptdflgk`s

idt`rdi`s3 dfu`juftgs fgindkt`s3 fäedrds rgep` pr`slök y fäedrds j` lksp`fflök.

Id pr`sd s` ublfd dnuds dbdmg, tl`k` ukd pdr`j j` fgkfr`tg j` 488 e`trgs y `stä

fgkstruljd fgk `i f`e`ktg Xgrtidkj tlpg LL y fgk uk edflzg rgfgsg qu` id odf` tdk au`rt`

y r`slst`kt` d `stgs `v`ktgs.

 
 

2.1.6
2.1.6 BL
BLBIL
BILGZ@
GZ@FD
FD F
FGEP
GEPKLZ
KLZDRL
DRLD
D@@K
KIID
DEEGIL
GILKD
KD

@stä ublfdjd `k Xdrqu` Lkedfuidjd Fgkf`pflök, Jlstrltg j` Iled 4082:, X`rý.

@i är`d j`i t`rr`kg `s j` 4688 e², prgf`sg j` jls`ôg y fgkstrufflök tdrjg ? dôgs,

 pdsdkjg pgr
pgr p`rlgjgs j` Dif
Difdij`s
dij`s jlstlktgs. Id pr`s`kfld drqu
drqult`ftöklfd
lt`ftöklfd `s slepi`,
slepi`,

fgkf`ptudie`kt`
fgkf`ptudie`kt` jlnkd ` lkfiuslvd. Pkd drqult`fturd dt`epgrdi y fgkt`epgräk`d
fgkt`epgräk`d qu` s`
fgkvl`rtd `k uk r`a`r`kt` sgfldi pdrd id fgeukljdj, uk iundr j` `kfu`ktrg y fgeuklök

j` dftlvljdj`s pdrd id vljd fgtljldkd. Ptlilzdkjg `i f`e`ktg sgi (tlpg L).

E`jldkt` ukd trded j` fgiuekds j` ogrelnök Debds adfodjds igknltujlkdi`s s`

fgs`k `ktr` `iids fgk vlnds j` fgkfr`tg `xpu`stg, j`alkl`kjg ukd `sp`fldiljdj lkt`rlgr

dbl`rtd y ai`xlbi`. Pk fgkmuktg j` fgiuekds j` ogrelnök `k äknuig s`ôdid id `ktrdjd

 prlkflpdi, d id qu`
qu` s` dff`j
dff`j`` jlr`ftde`kt` j`
j`sj`
sj` `i pdrqu`.
 

2.1.: FDVD F
FO
ODXD

@i prgy`ftg `std ublfdjg `k jlstrltg j` fogrrliig, X`rý. Fgk uk är`d j` ::8 e², id

gbrd fuielkg `k `i dôg 2884>. V` utlilzö `i f`e`ktg dkjlkg tlpg LE `k id fgkstrufflök

j` ids pidfds j`i fgkfr`tg y f`e`ktg bidkfg `k igs plsgs `k t`rrdzg y nrdkltgs. @std
t`rrdzd y `i `spdflg lkt`rlgr s` prgt`n`k j`i sgi fgk uk vgidjg j` fgkfr`tg qu` tl`k` d su

v`z uk vgidjg j` edj`rd, y qu` `k `i plsg sup`rlgr sgstl`k` pdrt` j` igs jgreltgrlgs y

sus t`rrdzds.

2.1.0
2.1.0 @I OG
OGVXL
VXLZDI
ZDI J
J@
@ @E@
@E@RN@
RN@KFL
KFLDV
DV J@ F
FGQL
GQLJ
J 4< @K ZDFK
ZDFKD
D

Pblfdjg `k Qlôdkl j`i Jlstrltg j` Nr`ngrlg Dibdrrdfåk Idkfolpd, R`nlök j`

Zdfkd. @i f`e`ktg s` utlilzö `k id fgkstrufflök j` ids v`r`jds y pdsliigs j`i ku`vg

ogspltdi pdrd pdfl`kt`s fgk FGQLJ-4< sgk j` fgkfr`tg dredjg tdktg fgeg ids zdpdtds

`kfdmgkdjds.
 

6 FGKFIPFLÖK

Xgj`egs fgkfiulr qu` id oljröilsls y id oljrdtdflök sgk igs adftgr`s lepgrtdkt`s

`k `i `kjur`flel`ktg j`i f`e`ktg, yd qu` igs prgjuftgs qu` r`suitdk j` id oljrdtdflök

tl`k`k euy bdmd sgiubliljdj `k `i dnud. Vl `stg kg au`rd

a u`rd fl`rtg, `i fgkfr`tg s`råd dtdfdjg

räpljde`kt` di fgktdftg fgk `i dnud.

@i f`e`ktg `s lepgrtdkt` pdrd ids fgkstrufflgk`s, j`b`egs fuepilr fl`rtds r`nids

pdrd t`k`r ukd e`mgr fgkt`xturd, tdeblìk t`k`r ukd bu`kd fdpdfltdflök.
fdpdfltdflök.

 @i f`e`ktg `s ukg j` igs fgepgk`kt`s prlkflpdi`s usdjgs `k ids gbrd j`

fgkstrufflök flvli ` oljräuilfds, `s pgr `sg qu` j`b` s`r k`f`sdrlg sdb`r fgkgf`r fgeg `s `i

prgf`sg j` adbrlfdflök u grln`k3 `s pgr `sg q j`sdrrgiidegs `st` trdbdmg pdrd tdi alk
 

BLBILGNRDAÅD

Xrgpl`jdj`s j`i f`e`ktg-tgjd a`rr`t`råd jlspgklbi` `k=

ottp=//tgjga`rr`t`rld.fge.ex/prgpl`jdj`s-j`i-f`e`ktg/ j`sfdrndjg
ottp=//tgjga`rr`t`rld.fge.ex/prgpl`jdj`s-j`i-f`e`ktg/ j`sfdrndjg 84 j` muilg 2828.

Psgs j` f`e`ktg `k id fgkstrufflök jlspgklbi` `k=

  ottp=//www.f`e`ktgslkcd.fge.p`/big
ottp=//www.f`e`ktgslkcd.fge.p`/bign/usgs-j`i-f`e`ktg
n/usgs-j`i-f`e`ktg-`k-id-fgkstrufflgk/
-`k-id-fgkstrufflgk/  

j`sfdrndjg 84 j` muilg j`i 2828.

Fgkstrueätlfd jlspgklbi` `k=

  ottps=//www.fgkstruedtlfd.fge/fgkstrup
ottps=//www.fgkstruedtlfd.fge/fgkstrup`jld/F`e`ktg
`jld/F`e`ktg I`åjg
 I`åjg 82 j` muilg j`i 2828.

Ids 48 gbrds eäs pgpuidr`s `k X`rý `st` 284? jlspgklbi` `k=

  ottps=//www.drfojdliy.p`/p`/<8>060/id
ottps=//www.drfojdliy.p`/p`/<8>060/ids-48-gbrds-eds-pgpuid
s-48-gbrds-eds-pgpuidr`s-`k-p`ru-`st`-284?
r`s-`k-p`ru-`st`-284?

i`åjg 4: j` muilg j`i 2828.