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HOCKEY
This game was played with a stick and a ball on the ground, as the sport field hockey is played
today. The object of this game was to hit a wooden or leather ball between two poles (or two
nearby landmarks) with the least number of strokes known by many different names back in
those times, the one term that was most commonly referred to for this sport was "Hockie," as
communicated by the Irish. This name, forged many years ago, and has become the iconic
name used by 21st century generation today.

PLAYING SURFACE
Historically, the game was played on natural turf (grass) and nowadays it is predominantly
played on an artificial turf. The transition onto artificial pitches came during the 1970s and was
made mandatory for major competitions in 1976. There are different types of artificial playing
surfaces such as Water based hockey pitch, Sand dressed hockey pitch, Sand filled
hockey pitch and 3G football surface.

It is also played on ice, underwater.

WEARABLE GEARS
Wearables in field hockey are mostly used to measure player activity profiles and
physiological demands. Inconsistencies in sampling rates and performance bands make
comparisons between studies challenging. Some of them are GPS and Heart rate monitors.
Earlier, none of such wearables were used in hockey.

The players wear their respective synthetic jerseys and hockey pants. They also wear a
mouthguard to protect their jaw.

EQUIPMENTS
This usually includes a helmet, hockey sticks, shoulder pads/chest protector, elbow
pads, mouth guard, protective gloves, heavily padded shorts, a 'jock' athletic protector,
shin pads and a neck guard. Goaltenders wear masks and much bulkier, specialized
equipment designed to protect them from many direct hits from the puck.
Ice skates and inline skates are required for ice hockey and rolling hockey respectively.

HOCKEY 1
 In underwater hockey, a mask, snorkel, fins, and water polo hat, are used. The stick used is
comparatively smaller than the normal ones.

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
The current NHL season is testing a brand new puck and player tracking system developed
in conjunction with six tech companies. It has the capacity to generate stats in real time
relating to many aspects of player performance, such as speed, acceleration and distance. All
this gives coaches and teams an arsenal of empirical data on how to improve individual
players, fine-tune strategies based on how different opposing teams play, and identify areas of
weakness within teams – as well as reducing injury rates.

he NHL were one of the first sports leagues to implement some kind of goal-line technology as
far back as the 1990s. Hawk-Eye, the ultra-accurate tech used in sports such as tennis,
cricket and football, has more recently been implemented in NHL venues to great effect.

Hawk-Eye’s various tech innovations have wider applications for hockey as well, for example
their SMART Replay also makes live and recorded video footage available to key
stakeholders such as coaches, officials and medical teams.

Ice hockey became the very first sport to implement virtual reality technology for training
purposes,

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