Surface Production Operations 6

®
DELIVERING KNOWLEDGE. DEVELOPING COMPETENCE.
Pumps
Section 6
Pumps
© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Pumps
Equipment Used to Pressurize Liquids

– Centrifugal (Kinetic Energy)
 Impellers Rotating within Stationary Case
 Centrifugal Force “Flings” Liquid at Higher Velocity
 Adds Velocity – Converts to Pressure
 Good for Large Range of Q and ΔP
 Can not deliver a Low Q to a High ΔP
– Positive Displacement – Reciprocal
 Reciprocating Pistons within Cylinders
 Intermittent Flow – Pulsation
 Good for Low Q with High ΔP
– Positive Displacement – Rotary
 Rotating Elements
 Continuous Flow – No Pulsation
Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal Pump: Cross Section
Discharge Nozzle
Volute
Casing
Bearings
Impeller
Suction Seal
Nozzle Shaft
Oil Rings

Centrifugal Pumps
Convert Energy from Prime Mover:

– First into Velocity (Kinetic Energy): IMPELLER
– Then into Pressure Energy: DIFFUSER (Volute)

(as Velocity Decreases)
© 2010 PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Centrifugal Pump Impeller

Liquid Path: Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal Pump

Discharge nozzle
Volute
Casing
Shaft
Suction nozzle
Seal Gland
Bearing housing
Seal flush line

Centrifugal Pump Head – Capacity Curve

Centrifugal Pump Principle
A Given Pump
With a Given Impeller Diameter
Operating at a Given Speed (rpm)
Increases the Head of any Liquid the Same Amount

Regardless of the Density of the Liquid
Therefore: Pump Curves Given in “Head”
The Pressure Increase Due to this Additional Head
can be Calculated – if the SGL is Known
For Newtonian Fluids
Amount of Work Done by the Pump Varies
with the Density of the Fluid Accelerated

Centrifugal Pump “Head”
Centrifugal Pumps Develop Head by Increasing Fluid Velocity
and Converting into Pressure
Tip Velocity  
2

ft/sec 
HEAD developed  ft 
2g
RPM d impeller in 
Tip Velocity =
229
HEAD  ft   .3 x 10 RPM d -6 2 2
The Amount of HEAD Developed Does Not Vary with SG L
A Pump’s Head – Capacity Curve is NOT Adjusted when the

Specific Gravity of the Liquid Changes
The Horsepower Required DOES Vary with Changing SGL
The H – Q Curve Can be Affected by Very High Viscosity

Centrifugal Pumps
Add Kinetic Energy (Velocity) to Liquids

This Energy is Expressed as “HEAD”
– (a “Specific Energy” Term)
2
v
H = ft
ft / sec
2g ft / sec 2 
“HEAD” Can be Converted to Pressure
P
P ==.433
.433 H
psi
psi
H xx SG
SG ftft LL
P
P == 9.794
9.794 H
kPa
kPa
H xx SG
SG m
m LL

Horizontal Single Stage Centrifugal Pump

Vertical Single Stage Centrifugal Pump

Vertical Can Multiple Stage Centrifugal Pump
LOW SUCTION
Suction Impeller below
Pump Inlet
CRITICAL SERVICE
"at Risk" Chemicals
Contained if Seal Failure

Horizontal Pump Multiple Stage
SUCTION

Multi-Stage Horizontal Pump
First stage impeller. Low suction
specific speed and low NPSH.
Finned bearing housing.
Improves heat dissipation.
Heat exchanger. Impellers. Multiple designs

To improve heat for every pump casing.
dissipation. Dynamically balanced.

Axially Split Case Multistage Centrifugal Pump
MSD by SULZER
Centrifugal Pumps: Radial Flow

Axial Flow Centrifugal Pump
Flow Parallel to Shaft Axis

Impeller Vanes – Airfoils
Rates up to 7 + MM Barrels of Liquid per day

Pressure HEAD limited to ≈ 40 feet of HEAD per stage
±17 psi for Water ± 14 psi Oil
Axial Pumps
Fluid OUT
High Flow Rates

Fluid
Low ΔP per Stage IN

Centrifugal Pump Performance Curves

Centrifugal Pump: Head – Capacity Curve
Centrifugal Pump
Head – Capacity
Curve

Against 90 ft. ofPump

Centrifugal Head
Head – Capacity
Pump delivers
Curve 70 GPM

Against 80 ft. of Head

Pump delivers 104 GPM

What if We Want a Different Flow Rate?

EXERCISE
Against 90 ft. of
Centrifugal Head
Pump
Pump Head
delivers 70 GPM
– Capacity
WE wantCurve
100 GPM

Effect of Pump Speed
N1 > N2 > N3
N1
N2
N3
Head
Flow Rate Q
SOLUTION
Against 90 ft. of Head

OriginalCentrifugal
RPM ( N1 ) Pump
= 70 GPM
Head – Capacity
WE want 100 GPM
Curve
Faster RPM ( N2 ) = 100 GPM
ALSO against 90 ft. of Head
N2
N1

System Performance Curve
Head
System
Flow Rate Q
Tank SYSTEM Tank

System – Pump Interaction
HEAD
PUMP
System
QQ
Flow Rate
Tank SYSTEM Tank

If More Q needed,
System Demands More Head
Pump Can NOT Deliver at Current rpm
HEAD
PUMP
System
Flow RateQQ
Flow Rate Q
Tank SYSTEM Tank

Increased N will deliver

New Q at New Head
– (NEW Pump Curve)
HEAD
System
Flow RateQQ
Flow Rate Q
Tank SYSTEM Tank

What if Not Enough Fluid (Q) is Available?
Q Available
Q Needed
HEAD
PUMP
System
Flow Rate Q
If Not Enough Fluid (Q) is Available: Slow Pump Speed
Slow Pump SPEED

Q Available
Q Needed
HEAD
PUMP
System
Flow Rate Q
Insufficient (Q) is even at the LOWEST Pump Speed?
Q Available
HEAD
System PUMP
Flow Rate Q
Change SYSTEM Curve
Change the
SYSTEM Curve

Add Higher ∆P to System
Change the
SYSTEM Curve
Q Available
Add Higher ∆P to System
HEAD
System PUMP
Flow Rate Q
Centrifugal Pump Affinity Laws: 1
N: Pump Speed
(rpm)
Q1 N1
=
Q2 N2
2
H1  N1 
= 
H2  N2 
3
BHP1  N1 
= 
BHP2  N2 
Centrifugal Pump Affinity Laws: 2
Q1 D1 D: Impeller Diameter
=
Q2 D2
2
H1  D1 
= 
H2  D2 
3
BHP1  D1 
= 
BHP2  D2 
Head Curves – Impeller Sizes

Pump Exercise
HEAD CURVES FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Problem A:
The Centrifugal Pump described above is to transfer 30API Oil from a Suction
Pressure of 10 psig to a Pressure of 55 psig.
CHOOSE an Impeller Size.
141.5
SG = 1 foot of WATER exerts 0.433 psi
131.5 + API
L
Impeller Size: ___________________

Pump Exercise
Problem A:
The Centrifugal Pump described above is to transfer 30API Oil from a Suction
Pressure of 10 psig to a Pressure of 55 psig.
141.5
SG = L
= 0.876
131.5 + 30
HEAD = ΔP in psi / .433 psi / foot   SG L

Impeller Size: ___________________ =  55 - 10  / .433  .876  = 119 feet
Pump Exercise
Pump Speed = 1200 rpm
What Impeller Size

to Deliver 119 of Head?

Pump Exercise: Want to Pump 120 GPM

Pump Speed
Want=120
1200
gpm
rpm
What Q Results?
88
90 128
127


Pump Speed
Want=120
1200
gpm
rpm
Q1 N1
= Q Results?
What
Q2 N2
88
90 128
127

5 -1/2 : Increase Pump Speed
HEAD CURVES FOR=CENTRIFUGAL
1200 rpm x 120 / 88 = 1636  +36% 
PUMPS
6 - 1/16 : Decrease Pump speed = 1200 rpm x 120/127 = 1134  -6% 

Want 120 gpm
Q1 N1
=
Q2 N2
88 127

Pump Selection
Goulds 3196 i-Frame

Pump Selection
Choose a PUMP
for Delivering between
50 - 150 GPM
with 50 - 150 Ft of HEAD
50 - 150 GPM
50 - 150 Feet of HEAD

Pump Selected
PUMP Choice
for Delivering between
50 - 150 GPM
with 50 - 150 Ft of HEAD
50 - 150 GPM
1 x 1½ - 6
50 - 150 Feet of HEAD

Centrifugal Pump Classification
1 x 1½ - 6
1 - inch 6 - inch
Discharge maximum impeller
1½ - inch
Suction

Centrifugal Pump Performance Curve

EXERCISE: Draw New Pump Curve
Performance Curve shown for operating Pump Speed (1800 rpm):
Determine the Performance Curve if RPM Increased 20% (2160 RPM)
Pump Affinity
Equations
Q N
= 1 1
Q N
Q N 2 2
1
= 1
QH =N N 
2
N 
2 1 2 1
H
H  
N
2 2
2
1
=  1
H 2 N  2

Centrifugal Pump Advantages
Inexpensive
Few Moving Parts
– Lower Maintenance Cost
– Greater Up Time
Small and Lightweight for Q
No Close Clearances
– Dirty Fluid OK
Operates at Low Suction Head
Automatically Adjusts to Changes in Head
– ( Capacity Controllable Over Wide Range
even at Constant Speed )

Centrifugal Pump Disadvantages
Can Create High  Pressure

but Needs High Rate, Q
Less Efficient than Positive Displacement

Pumps
Efficiency Declines when Q varies from

Design
Overall Efficiency: 55% to 75%

Positive Displacement Pumps
Liquid Compressed Mechanically

directly Increasing PRESSURE
Reciprocating Pumps
 Displacement caused by LINEAR Motion
 PISTON within a CYLINDER
 PLUNGER sealed with Packing
Rotary Pumps
– Displacement caused by CIRCULAR Motion
♦ ♦ Almost all PD Pumps are self-priming if wetted ♦ ♦

Reciprocating Piston / Plunger Pumps

Reciprocating Pump Action

Piston Pump Cross-Section
Piston Outlet
Check
Valve
Cam
Inlet
Check
Head Valve
Seal

Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pumps
Named by Number of Plungers
Simplex – 1 plunger
Duplex – 2 plungers
Triplex – 3 plungers
Quintuplex – 5 plungers

Single – Acting Plunger Pump
Discharge
Crankshaft Valve
Connecting Rod
Plunger
Crosshead
Suction
Valve

Double – Acting Piston Pump
crank discharge valves

end
piston
head
end
suction valves

Positive Displacement Pump Capacity
2
Q = .1166 D L S C
Q = BPD
D = Plunger DIAMETER, inches
L = Stroke LENGTH, inches
S = Stroke SPEED, rpm
C = Number of CYLINDERS

Reciprocating Pump Advantages
High Efficiency – 85 to 95%
– Regardless of Required Head or Pump Speed
Lower Speeds – Can Handle Viscous Fluid
Flow Rate Constant – Regardless of Required ΔP

Handle Abrasive Fluids with Modifications
Can Handle Low Q with High P
PLUNGERS Generally Run at Higher Speeds

– And used for Higher Pressure than Pistons
– (Up to 50,000 + psi)

Reciprocating Pump Disadvantages
Higher Maintenance
Lower “Up Time”
Larger and Heavier
Acoustical and Mechanical Vibration

(Pulsation)

Pulsations Concerns
Maximum Suction and Discharge Pipe

Velocities for Reciprocating Pumps
Pump Speed Suction Velocity Discharge Velocity
rpm ft/sec ft/sec
< 250 2 6
250 – 330 1.5 4.5
> 330 1 3

Reciprocal Pump Pulsation Dampeners

Air Operated Diaphragm Pump
Discharges Chamber A Fills Chamber A

Fills Chamber B Discharges Chamber B
Diaphragm Pumps
Special Type of Reciprocal Pump
– Reciprocating Member Flexes Diaphragm
 Mechanically
 Hydraulic Fluid
 Air/Gas
Handles Large Amount of Suspended Solids

Handles Low Flow Well
Can Run Dry Periodically
Self-Priming, Even When Dry
Good as Metering Pump ( 1%)
Inherently Seal – Less (Zero Leakage)
Limited to Low Pressure and Temperature

Diaphragm Fatigue
Positive Displacement: ROTARY

Rotary Pumps
Rotating Member Moves Trapped Fluid

Through Pump
Liquid is Continually Compressed Without
Acceleration
Leakage Between Cavities Exists and
Increases at Low Speeds
Smaller and Lighter than Reciprocating Pumps
Pulsation Free
Minimum Shear and Turbulence

Common Oil Field Rotary Pumps
Sliding Vane
PCP: Progressing Cavity Pump
Multiple Screw
Canned Rotary
Less Common Rotary Pumps

APPENDIX 6 A
 Flexible Impeller
 External Gear
 Internal Gear
 Rotary Lobe
Sliding Vane Rotary: Positive Displacement Pump
85000 BLPD
200 psi
12 psi Suction
Runs Dry
Handles Some Solids
Self – Comps for Wear on Vanes
Sliding Vane Rotary: Positive Displacement Pump

PCP: Progressing Cavity Pump
Single Threaded Rotor or Screw Turning Inside a Double
Threaded Flexible Stator
Cavities Progress Axially from Suction to Discharge
85,000 BLPD 2000 psi 13 psi Suction
Handles High Viscosity, Solids, Abrasives
Dry Self-Priming
Low Shear
High Starting Torque – Use Larger Pump Motor
Cannot Run Dry More than Several Minutes
High Cost Replacement Parts
Down-Hole Mud Drilling Motor Down-Hole PCP Pump

Progressing Cavity Pump – Rotors

Progressing Cavity Action

Multiple Screw Pump
Liquid Moves Axially Between Rotor Screw Threads
2 Screws 3 Screws
Timed: Timing Gears Untimed: Central Screw Drive
Handles Abrasives Handles Sand in Oil
Very Viscous Fluids Very Viscous Fluids
CAN RUN DRY CANNOT RUN DRY
500,000 BLPD Max Flow 150,000 BLPD
1,500 Max Press 4,500 psi
12+ psi Max Lift 12 + psi

Multiphase Pumps

Multiphase Pumps
PCP: Most Widely Used 3 Phase Pump (MOYNO)
Elastic Stator – Metal Rotor
TWIN-SCREW: Can Handle G V F Up to 95+%
PISTON: Simplest Form – Large Pistons
– First: June 1998 “Mass Transfer Pump” (National Oil Well)
– Offshore: “Ram Pump” – Small size (Weatherford)
DIAPHRAGM: Flexible Diaphragm
– Moved by Power Fluid
– High Solids OK
ESP: Converted Down Hole ESP
– Limited G V F < 20%
HELICOAXIAL: Rotodynamic
– “Poseidon” Technology

Multiphase Twin – Screw Pump

Subsea Twin – Screw Pump
MultiBooster
Aker Kvaerner
Helicoaxial Multiphase Pump Skid
( Variable Frequency )
PUMP

Seabed Pumps
Twin – Screw Multiphase

Helico – Axial Multiphase
– Operating Depth: 10,000 ft
– Handles Sand / Solids
– Paraffins OK
– Excellent Flexibility
– Volume: Up to 300,000 BFPD
– Fluid Temp: 350F
– Fluid API: 6+
– Depth Limit: 50,000+

Multiphase Pump Operating Envelope

HHP: Hydraulic Horsepower
HHP: Pump Output = Energy Delivered by

the Pump to the Liquid
HHP = SG L
Q ft 3 /sec
H / 8.82 ft
= SG L
Q gpm
H / 3960 ft
= Q gpm
P / 1714 psi
HHP = Q BLPD
P / 58766 psi
HHP watts
= 9797 SG L
Q m3 /sec
H
m
= 9.797 SG L
Q liter/sec
H
m

BHP: Brake Horsepower
Brake Horse Power:

Pump Input = Work Performed by Pump
Actual Horsepower Delivered to the Pump
BHP = HHP / E
E = Efficiency of the Pump

NPSHr – Net Positive Suction Head Required
Each Pump Requires a Minimum Pressure at

its Suction to assure no Vapor is Flashed
between Suction and Cylinder or Impeller
NPSHr: Suction Pressure Needed to Stay
above Bubble Point
– Specified by Manufacturer for Each Pump
– Measure NPSH at Suction Flange
– Reduces Capacity  3% for H2O at 60F
Reciprocating Pumps Have Higher NPSH Due
to Fluid and Valve Acceleration
Specify Pumps with NPSH 3 to 5 Feet Less
Pressure Available from Your System
Cavitation Behind Impeller

Operating Range by Pump Type

Pump “Type” Selection Chart

Pump Selection Guide

Pump Selection Guide: Centrifugal Pumps
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Centrifugal Pumps in Series

Centrifugal Pumps in Parallel

Identical Centrifugal Pumps in Parallel
GREEN LINE
Pump Curve for
EACH Pump

Two Non – Identical Centrifugal Pumps in Parallel
For Given Head → Add Qs
H A
( ft )

Centrifugal Pumps in Series

Identical Centrifugal Pumps in Series
For Given Q → Add HEADs
Add
Add
3rd
3rdPump
Pump
3 Pumps
3 Pumps
Add
2nd Pump
2 Pumps
1 Pump
1st Pump

Non – Identical Centrifugal Pumps in Series
Pump 2 BOTH
Pump 1 2

®
DELIVERING KNOWLEDGE. DEVELOPING COMPETENCE.
Appendix 6A
Section 6
Centrifugal Pumps: Trouble Shooting
Trouble Probable Cause: Trouble Probable Cause:
1. Failure to deliver liquid a. Wrong direction of rotation 5. Pump overloads driver a. Speed too high
b. Pumped not primed b. Total head lower than rated head
c. Suction line not filled with liquid c. Excessive Recirculation
d. Air or vapor pocket in suction line d. Either or both the specific gravity and viscosity of liquid different
e. Inlet to suction pipe not sufficiently submerged from that for which pump is rated
f. Available NPSH not sufficient e. Mechanical defects
g. Pump not up to rated speed 1. Misalignment
h. Total head required greater than head which pump is 2. Shaft bent
capable of delivering 3. Rotating element dragging
4. Packing too tight
2. Pump does not deliver a. Wrong direction of rotation
rated capacity b. Suction line not filled with liquid 6. Vibration a. Starved suction
c. Air or vapor pocket in suction line 1. Gas or vapor in liquid
d. Air leaks in suction line or stuffing boxes 2. Available NPSH not sufficient
e. Inlet to suction pipe not sufficiently submerged 3. Inlet to suction line not sufficiently submerged
f. Available NPSH not sufficient 4. Gas or vapor pockets in suction line
g. Pump not up to rated speed b. Misalignment
h. Total head greater than head for which pump designed c. Worn or loose bearings
i. Foot valve too small d. Rotor out of balance
j. Foot valve clogged with trash 1. Impeller plugged
k. Viscosity of liquid greater than that for which pump 2. Impeller damaged
designed e. Shaft bent
l. Mechanical defects: f. Improper location of control valve in discharge line
1. Wearing rings worn g. Foundation not rigid
2. Impeller damaged
3. Internal leakage resulting from defective 7. Stuffing boxes overheat a. Packing too tight
gaskets b. Packing not lubricated
m. Discharge valve not fully opened c. Wrong grade of packing
d. Insufficient cooling water to jackets
3. Pump does not develop a. Gas or vapor in liquid e. Box improperly packed
rated discharge b. Pump not up to rated speed
pressure c. Discharge pressure greater than pressure for which pump
designed
d. Viscosity of liquid greater than that for which pump 8. Bearings overheat a. Oil level too low
designed b. Improper or poor grade of oil
e. Wrong rotation c. Dirt in bearings
f. Mechanical defects d. Dirt in oil
1. Wearing rings worn e. Moisture in oil
2. Impeller damaged f. Oil cooler clogged or sealed
3. Internal leakage resulting from defective g. Failure of oiling system
gaskets h. Insufficient cooling water circulation
i. Insufficient cooling air
4. Pump loses liquid after a. Suction line not filled with liquid j. Bearings too tight
starting b. Air leaks in suction line or stuffing boxes k. Oil seals too close fit on shaft
c. Gas or vapor in liquid l. Misalignment
d. Air or vapor pockets in suction line
e. Inlet to suction pipe not sufficiently submerged
f. Available NPSH not sufficient
g. Liquid seal piping to lantern ring plugged 9. Bearings wear rapidly a. Misalignment
h. Lantern ring not properly located in stuffing box b. Shaft bent
c. Vibration
d. Excessive thrust resulting from mechanical failure inside the
pump
© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved. e. Lack of lubrication
Centrifugal Pump Trouble – Shooting Chart
Symptom Possible Causes
Insufficient Flow 1-2-3-4-6-7-10-11-12-13-20
Pressure Too Low 1-2-3-4-6-9-10-11-12-14-20
High Amp Reading 5-6-7-8-9-10-13-15-17-18-22-23-26
Packing Leaks Too Much 15-17-21-22-23-24-25-27-28
Seal/Packing Fails Early 1-7-11-15-17-19-21-22-23-24-25-26-27-28
High Vibration/Noise 1-2-3-7-8-11-13-15-16-17-18-19-20-24-25
Bearings Short Lived 1-6-7-9-11-15-17-24-25-28-29-30
Bearings Run Too Hot 1-7-11-15-18-19-24-25-29-30-31-32
1. Air entrainment 17. Shaft bent
2. Suction obstructed 18. Impeller or wear ring rubbing
3. Poor sump design 19. Worn bearings
4. Speed too low 20. Damaged impeller
5. Speed too high 21. Shaft scored at packing/seal
6. Incorrect rotation 22. Packing installed improperly
7. Pump flow too low 23. Incorrect type of packing
8. Pump flow too high 24. Excessive shaft runout
9. Change in density 25. Impeller or coupling unbalanced
10. Change in viscosity 26. Gland too tight
11. Cavitation 27. Stuff box bushing clearance high
12. Leakage joint excessive 28. Dirt or grit in pumped liquid
13. Foreign matter in impeller 29. Bearing cooling water failure
14. Loose impeller 30. Inadequate bearing lubrication
15. Misalignment 31. High ambient temperature
16. Foundation not rigid 32. High process liquid temperature

Surface Production Operations 6

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Surface Production Operations 6

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®

DELIVERING KNOWLEDGE. DEVELOPING COMPETENCE.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Equipment Used to Pressurize Liquids

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Convert Energy from Prime Mover:

– Then into Pressure Energy: DIFFUSER (Volute)

© 2010 PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Seal flush line

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Increases the Head of any Liquid the Same Amount

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

The Amount of HEAD Developed Does Not Vary with SG L

A Pump’s Head – Capacity Curve is NOT Adjusted when the

The H – Q Curve Can be Affected by Very High Viscosity

Add Kinetic Energy (Velocity) to Liquids

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Heat exchanger. Impellers. Multiple designs

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Flow Parallel to Shaft Axis

Rates up to 7 + MM Barrels of Liquid per day

High Flow Rates

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Against 90 ft. ofPump

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Against 80 ft. of Head

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Against 90 ft. of Head

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Tank SYSTEM Tank

Tank SYSTEM Tank

Tank SYSTEM Tank

Increased N will deliver

Tank SYSTEM Tank

Slow Pump SPEED

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Impeller Size: ___________________

HEAD CURVES FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Pump Speed = 1200 rpm

What Impeller Size

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

HEAD CURVES FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

HEAD CURVES FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

Pump Speed = 1200 rpm

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Dr. Omar Barkat PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved.