AMINU KANO COLLEGE OF ISLAMIC AND LEGAL STUDIES, KANO

SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL STUDIES

SOS DM

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

COURSE CODE: EDU 324

GROUP (8)

Topic:
Drug Abuse Counseling

2022
Introduction

It has been remarked that guidance is accepted as an integral part of education.

Whatever may be the objectives of school education, students need the assistance of

teachers and others connected with them to be able to make satisfactory progress.

No student has ever been able to manifest and maximize his potentialities on large

extent, make appropriate career plans, get a suitable occupation and make

satisfactory adjustment in the society without assistance of guidance programme

organized in school.

It constitutes parents, teachers, community members, administrators, guidance

workers, specialists etc. The cause is, in the modern complex society it has become a

difficult task on part of home and community to provide appropriate and adequate

guidance to students as per their needs and requirements. Hence, the school has a

vital role to play in guiding the students.

Guidance has been defined and understood differently by different people,

administrators, statesmen, philosophers, leaders and educationists in different time

for which guidance has two types of meaning—one is old or traditional meaning and

another is modern meaning. Like other contents and subjects, the modern meaning

of guidance came into picture when the emphasis shifted and more attention was

given on economic problems, placement or employment and occupational trends.

Guidance is a means of helping individuals to understand and use wisely the

educational, vocational and personal opportunities they have or can develop and as

a form of systematic assistance whereby students are aided in achieving satisfactory

adjustment to school and in life.

Major Guidance and Counseling Services

The primary mission of a school's guidance and counseling program is to provide a

broad spectrum of personnel services to the students. These services include

student assessment, the information service, placement and follow-up, and

counseling assistance. These four areas should constitute the core of any guidance

program and should be organized to facilitate the growth and development of all

students from kindergarten through post high school experiences.

Guidance services in the school system include:

1. Orientation Services.

2. Appraisal Services.

3. Information Services.

4. Planning/ Placement Services.

5. Follow Up, Research and Evaluation Services.

6. Counseling Services

7. Assessment services.
ORIENTATION SERVICES

This refers to the service as type of services which involves services provided to help an

individual adjust better in the new circle or environment. This service is essential for individuals

who are new to an environment and in most cases coming into such environment and situation

for the first time. The essence of this service is to enable the new students adjust better and

effectively within such an environment for which they have little or no knowledge about and to

which they are not familiar. Thus, the orientation service applies to a student just entering a new

school e.g changing school, gaining entrance to a primary school, secondary school r higher

institution in a school setting. Therefore, orientation and adaptive services involve process as

familiarization of the students with the administrative setup. 

The use of school facilities, course registration process, teaching staff and the use of

the school guidance programming serving their needs and so on.

APPRAISAL SERVICE

This service involved the collection, organization, arrangement, analysis and

interpretation of objective data for the purpose of better understanding of the client/individual.

The data or information concerning the client whom the guidance program is designed to help

can be obtained through observation, testing, interview and so on.

INFORMATION SERVICE
These services address the individual’s need for authentic, reliable, objective and usable

information that will enable him make adequate and realistic decisions at one time or the other

for the actualization of a satisfactory and fulfilled life. The quality of the information available to

the individuals determines the quality of the decision the individual will make. A student or an

individual who needs to make educational decisions will need to have adequate information

about catalogue of valuable decisions offering the hand of the student or course that answers his

educational needs, financial government scholarship loans, fellowships and other financial

assistance opportunities available, accreditation or in general educational standings of the school,

procedure for application, submission, health services available, housing and boarding system,

guidance potential of the institution.

PLANNING/PLACEMENT SERVICES

It has been described as services designed to help an individual in making short and long term to

actualize a particular need or goal. Placement service is designed to aid an individual to achieve

admittance into his school of his choice, to get him a job or secure treatment for some ailment. In

essence, placement entails such things as helping an individual in achieving or realizing the kind

of his educational experience he desires, obtaining a job or realizing his occupational choice. At

the same time, it involves aiding an individual in realizing other services as financial aids, health

services, social adjustment services etc. successful materialization of his educational needs,

vocational needs and general life satisfaction.

FOLLOW UP, RESEARCH AND EVALUATION SERVICES

All these services are part of the guidance services and they are generally concerned with

advancement, improvement, refining guidance process and programme. Some of the essence of

the follow up research and evaluation services is identified as follows:

1. To improve counseling services.

2. To devise new counseling techniques.

3.  To reveal the state, effect and misinterpretation of techniques in counseling.

4.  To aid in obtaining quantitative information. 

5. To learn the major and extent of progress. 

6. To determine areas of positive adjustment and areas that needs further

adjustment.

7. Through these services noted that the effectiveness or the failure of the entire guidance

programme could be appraised. It has been noted that the follow up services is a

necessary tool for the counselor in establishing the nature and the essence of counseling

and in determining the areas of life that need further adaptation.

COUNSELLING SERVICES

It is one of the services of guidance programmes. Counseling is part of the total process of

guidance which is helping individuals achieve self understanding and self direction necessary to

make maximum adjustment at schools, home and community. This could be explained to the

effect that counseling service is concerned with the clarification of counselee’s self concept

through objective information which it is about attitudes, achievement and personal trait.
Assessment Services

The assessment service is designed to collect, analyze, and use a variety of objective

and subjective personal, psychological, and social data about each pupil. Its purpose

is to help the individual to better understand herself. Conferences with pupils and

parents, standardized test scores, academic records, anecdotal records, personal

data forms, case studies, and portfolios are included. The school counselor

interprets this information to pupils, parents, teachers, administrators, and other

professionals. Pupils with special needs and abilities are thus identified.

Conclusion

Guidance and counseling services play an integral part in the overall student

services department of any elementary or secondary school. The aims of guidance

and counseling programs in schools are to assist individuals to develop the ability to

understand themselves, to solve their own problems, and to make appropriate

adjustments to their environment. Major guidance services include student

appraisal, information giving, placement and follow-up, and counseling. Broadly

conceived, two methods of counseling include directive and nondirective

approaches. On the one hand, directive counseling focuses attention on identifying

and analyzing the problem and finding an appropriate solution to it using all

available data. Nondirective counseling, on the other hand, provides the counselee

not with a neat solution, but instead with the ability to meet her problem in a
constructive way. Ten criteria are used in evaluating guidance and counseling

programs: student needs, cooperation, process and product, balance, stability,

flexibility, quality counselors, adequate counselor-student ratio, adequate physical

facilities, and appropriate record keeping.

References

https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/guidance-in-schools/guidance-
services-in-schools-introduction-committees-and-scope/63674
Arogundade Tola (2020). The Organization of Guidance Services Guidance Services in the
School System.
https://www.academia.edu/33886797/
THE_ORGANISATION_OF_GUIDANCE_SERVICES_Guidance_services_in_the
_school_system_include
Fred C. Lunenburg (2010), School Guidance and Counseling Services. SCHOOLING VOLUME 1, NUMBER
1.

Cobia, D. C. (2007). Developing an effective and accountable school counseling program. Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice Hall.