13

LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE

CONCEPT TYPE QUESTIONS 2t 2 2t 2t 2 2t 2

(a) 2 (b) 2 2 2 (c) (d)
t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1
Directions : This section contains multiple choice questions. Each
question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), out of which only 11. Let f and g be two functions such that lim f (x) and
x a
one is correct.
1. The limit of f (x) = x2 as x tends to zero equals lim g(x) exist. Then, which of the following is incomplete?
x a
(a) zero (b) one (c) two (d) three (a) lim [f (x) + g (x)] = lim f (x) + lim g (x)
x a x a x a
1, x 0
2. Consider the function f (x) = 2, x 0 (b) lim [f (x) – g (x)] = lim f (x) – lim g (x)
x a x a x a
Then, left hand limit and right hand limit of f (x) at x = 0, are (c) lim [f (x) . g (x)] = lim f (x) . lim g (x)
respectively x a x a x a

(a) 1, 2 (b) 2, 1 (c) 1,1 (d) 2, 2 f (x) lim f (x)

x a
(d) lim =
x2 1 x a g (x) lim g (x)
3. The value of lim is x a
x 1 x2 3x 2 12. The derivative of the function f (x) = x is
(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) 0 (d) –1 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) None of these
13. The derivative of sin x at x = 0 is
1 x 1 x (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3
4. The value of lim is
x 0 1 x 14. The derivative of the function f (x) = 3x at x = 2 is
(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) 1 (d) –1 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
x 15. The derivative of f (x) = 3 at x = 0 and at x = 3 are
5. Evaluate lim (a) negative (b) zero
x 0 1 x 1 x
(c) different (d) not defined
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) –2
16. Derivative of f at x = a is denoted by
1
x 4 d df
6. Value of lim is (a) dx f (x) (b) dx
x 5 x 5 a a
1 1 df
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) does not exist (c) (d) All of these
2 2 dx x a
1 x x2 1 17. If a is a non-zero constant, then the derivative of x + a is
7. lim = (a) 1 (b) 0
x 0 x
(c) a (d) None of these
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) 1
2 2 18. The derivative of x is
1
x 2 1, x 1 1
8. If f (x) = , then the value of lim f (x) is x
3x 1, x 1 x 1
2 2
(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) 1 (d) –1 (a) (1 x) 2 (b) (1 x) 2
(1 x 2 ) 1 x2 1 3
9. The value of lim is (c) (d) (1 x) 2
x 0 x2 (1 x) 2
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) does not exist 19. The derivative of 4 x 2 is
1 t 1 2
10. If f (t) = , then the value of f ' (1/t) is (a) (b) 2 x (c) (d) x
1 t x x
 214 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE
20. If a and b are fixed non-zero constants, then the derivative
sin m 2
of (ax + b)n is 35. lim is equal to :
0
(a) n(ax + b)n – 1 (b) na(ax + b)n – 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) m (d) m2
(c) nb(ax + b) n– 1
(d) nab(ax + b)n – 1 36. Derivative of the function f (x) = 7x is –3
21. The derivative of sin x is
n
(a) 21x–4 (b) –21x–4 (c) 21x4 (d) –21x4
(a) n sinn–1 x (b) n cosn – 1 x
37. If f (x) = 2sinx – 3x + 8, then f (x) is
4
(c) n sin x cos x
n–1
(d) n cosn – 1 x sin x
22. The derivative of (x2 + 1) cos x is (a) 2sin x – 12x3 (b) 2cos x – 12x3
(a) – x2 sin x – sin x – 2x cos x (c) 2cos x + 12x3 (d) 2sin x + 12x3
(b) – x2 sin x – sin x + 2 cos x 38. Derivative of the function f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) is
(c) – x2 sin x – x sin x + 2 cos x (a) 2x + 3 (b) 3x – 2
(d) – x2 sin x – sin x + 2 x cos x (c) 3x + 2 (d) 2x – 3
23. The derivative of f (x) = tan (ax + b) is f (x)
(a) sec2 (ax + b) (b) b sec2 (ax + b) 39. If lim exists, then which one of the following correct ?
x a g( x )
(c) a sec (ax + b)
2
(d) ab sec2 (ax + b)
(a) Both lim f (x ) and lim g( x) must exist
x a x a
24. If f (x) = x sin x, then f is equal to
2 (b) lim f (x ) need not exist but lim g( x) must exist
x a x a
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) (c) Both lim f (x ) and lim g( x) need not exist
2 x a x a

25. The derivative of function 6x100 – x55 + x is (d) lim f (x ) must exist but lim g( x) need not exist
x a x a
(a) 600x100 – 55x55 + x (b) 600x99 – 55x54 + 1 x x
1 1
(c) 99x99 – 54x54 + 1 (d) 99x99 – 54x54 40. The value of lim 3 3 is
x x 0 x
26. lim is 2 1 2 1
x 0 tan x (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 5 5
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) not defined
cos x
27. Derivative of logx x is 41. The value of lim is
x 0 x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) x 1 1
x (a) (b) – (c) (d)
28. Derivative of e is 3 log x

(a) ex (b) 3x2 (c) 3x (d) log x 42. Let 3f (x) – 2 f (1/x) = x, then f '(2) is equal to
1 2 1 7
29. Derivative of x2 + sin x + is (a) (b) (c) 2 (d)
x2 7 2 2
(a) 2x + cos x (b) 2x + cos x + (–2) x–3 43. What is the derivative of
(c) 2x – 2x–3 (d) None of these 7x
f (x) = ?
1
2
(2x 1) (x 3)
30. Derivative of x is 3 1
x 3 2
(a) (b) 2
( x 3) 2
(2x 1) 2
( x 3) ( 2 x 1) 2
1 1 1
(a) 2 (b) 1 2 (c) 1 (d) 1 (c)
3 1
(d)
3 2
x x x2
( x 3) 2 ( 2 x 1) 2 ( x 3) 2 ( 2 x 1) 2
31. If f (x) = xn, then =
44. As x a, f (x) l, then l is called ............ of the function
f 1 n f (x),
(a) f (1) (b) (c) n · f (1) (d) f 1
n (a) limit (b) value
32. Derivative of x sin x (c) absolute value (d) None of these
(a) x cos x (b) x sin x
(c) x cos x + sin x (d) sin x STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
sin x
a 1
33. Value of lim is Directions : Read the following statements and choose the correct
x 0 sin x option from the given below four options.
(a) log a (b) sin x (c) log (sin x) (d) cos x 45. Consider the function g (x) = | x |, x 0.
2sin 2 3x Then
34. lim is equal to : I. g (0) is not defined.
x 0 x2
(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 0 (d) 6 II. lim g(x) is not defined.
x 0
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE 215
Which of the following is/are true? (a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true
(a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true (c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false 54. Which of the following is/are true?
I. The derivative of f (x) = x3 is x2
x2 4
46. Consider the function h (x) = ,x 2 1 1
x 2 II. The derivative of f (x) = 3
is 2
x x
Then, (a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true
I. h (2) is not defined.
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false
II. lim h(x) 4. 55. Which of the following is/are true?
x 2
I. The derivative of – x is –1.
Which of the following is/are true?
(a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true 1
II. The derivative of (–x)–1 is
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false x2
47. Which of the following is/are true? (a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true
15
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false
x 1 3 56. Which of the following is/are true?
I. lim
x 1 x10 1 2 I. The derivative of sin (x + a) is cos (x + a), where a is a
fixed non-zero constant.
1 x 1 1 II. The derivative of cosec x cot x is cosec3 x – cot2 x cosec x
II. lim
x 0 x 2 (a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true
(c) Only II is true (d) Borh I and II are false
(a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true 57. Which of the following is/are true?
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false I. The derivative of
48. Which of the following is/are true? f(x) = 1 + x + x2 + ... + x50 at x = 1 is 1250.
sin x x 1 1
I. lim 1 II. The derivative of f (x) = is 2 .
x 0 x x x
1 cos x (a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true
II. lim 0
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false
x 0 x
(a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true 58. Consider the following limits which holds for function
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false f and g:
49. Which of the following is/are true? I. lim [ f ( x ) g ( x )] lim f ( x) lim g ( x )
x a x a x a
ax 2 bx c II. lim [ f ( x ). g ( x)] lim f ( x ). lim g ( x)
I. lim 2 (where a + b + c 0) is 1. x a x a x a
x 1 cx bx a
f ( x) lim f ( x)
1 1 III. lim x a
1 x a g ( x) lim g ( x )
II. lim x 2 is x a
x 2 x 2 4 Which of the above are true ?
(a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true (a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false (c) Only III (d) All of the above
59. Consider the following derivatives which holds for function
(a h) 2 sin (a h) a 2 sin a
50. lim is equal to u and v.
h 0 h I. (u v ) u v II. (uv)' uv' vu'
I. a sin a + 2a cos a
2
II. a2 cos a + 2a sin a
(a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true u u v uv '
III.
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false v v2
51. Which of the following is/are true? Which of the above holds are true ?
I. The derivative of f (x) = sin 2x is 2(cos2 x – sin2 x). (a) Only I (b) Only II
II. The derivative of g (x) = cot x is – cosec2 x. (c) Only III (d) All of these
(a) Both I and II are true (b) Only I is true
(c) Only II is true (d) Both I and II are false MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
52. Which of the following is/are true?
I. The derivative of x2 – 2at x = 10 is 18. Directions : Match the terms given in column-I with the terms
II. The derivative of 99x at x = 100 is 99. given in column-II and choose the correct option from the codes
III. The derivative of x at x = 1 is 1. given below.
(a) I, II and III are true (b) I and II are true 60. Column-I Column-II
(c) II and III are true (d) I and III are true
53. Which of the following is/are true? A. lim f (x) 1. left hand limit of f at a
x a
3 B. lim f (x) 2. limit of f at a
I. The derivative of y = 2x is 2. x a
4
II. The derivative of y = (5x3 + 3x – 1) (x – 1) is C. limf (x) 4. right hand limit of f at a
x a
20x3 + 15x2 + 6x – 4
 216 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE
Codes Codes
A B C A B C D
(a) 3 1 2 (a) 4 1 2 3
(b) 1 3 2 (b) 4 2 3 1
(c) 1 2 3 (c) 2 4 1 3
(d) 2 3 1 (d) 4 2 1 3
61. Column-I (Limts) Column-II (Values) 64. Column-I (Functions) Column-II (Derivatives)
A. lim x 3 1. A. f (x) = 10x 1. 2x
x 3
1
22 B. f (x) = x2 2.
B. lim x 2. 6 x2
x 7
C. f(x) = a for fixed real no. a 3. 0
2 19 1
C. lim r 3.
r 1
2 D. f (x) = 4. 10
x
4x 3 1 Codes
D. lim 4. A B C D
x 4 x 2 2
(a) 4 1 3 2
x10 x5 1 (b) 1 4 3 2
22 (c) 4 1 2 3
E. lim 5.
x 1 x 1 7 (d) 4 3 1 2
Codes INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
A B C D E
Directions : This section contains integer type questions. The
(a) 5 2 1 4 3
answer to each of the question is a single digit integer, ranging
(b) 2 5 1 3 4
from 0 to 9. Choose the correct option.
(c) 5 2 1 3 4
(d) 2 5 3 1 4 2 x 2 1
65. If value of lim is equal to then ‘a’ equals
62. Column-I (Limits) Column-II (Values)
x 0
x a 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
sin ( x)
A. lim 1. 4 a 2x 3x 2 3
x ( x) 66. If value of lim is equal to , where m is
x a
3a x 2 x m
cos x 1 equal to
B. lim 2. (a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 3
x 0 x
67. lim (sec x – tan x) is equal to
x /2
cos 2x 1 a 1
C. lim 3. (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3
x 0 cos x 1 b
a bx, x 1
ax x cos x 68. Suppose f (x) = 4, x 1
D. lim 4. 0 b ax, x 1
x 0 bsin x
and if lim f (x) = f (1) then the value of a + b is
x 1
E. lim x sec x 5. 1
x 0 (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8
sin (2 x) sin(2 x)
sin ax bx 69. If lim is equal to p cos q, then sum
F. lim x 0 x
x 0ax sin bx of p and q is
(a, b,a b 0) (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
70. If f (x) = | x | – 5, then the value of lim f (x) is
Codes x 5
A B C D E F (a) 9 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
(a) 2 2 1 3 5 4 sin x a
71. If value of lim is equal to then the value of
(b) 2 2 3 1 4 5 x 0 x (1 cos x) 2
(c) 2 2 1 4 3 5 ‘a’ is
(d) 2 2 1 3 4 5 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
sin 4x
63. Column-I (Functions) Column-II (Derivatives) 72. Value of lim is
x 0 sin 2x
A. cosec x 1. 5 cos x + 6 sin x (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None of these
B. 3 cot x + 5 cosec x 2. – 3 cosec2 x – 5 cosec x cot x
2x 3 , x 0
C. 5 sin x – 6 cos x + 7 3. 2 sec2 x – 7 sec x tan x 73. If f (x) = 3 (x 1) , x 0 then the value of lim
x 0
f (x) is
D. 2 tan x – 7 sec x 4. – cot x cosec x (a) 0 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 3
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE 217
x 2, x 1 d n
74. Let f (x) = Reason: (x ) n . xn 1 .
cx 2 , x 1
dx
If lim f (x) exists, then c is equal to 86. Assertion: lim (1 3 x)1/ x e3 .
x 1
x 0
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3 Reason: Since lim (1 + x)1/x = e .
5
4 2 (cos x sin x) x 0
75. If value of lim is a 2 , then the value sin x
x
4
1 sin 2x 87. Assertion: lim log e 0
of ‘a’ is x x 0
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 Reason: lim f ( g ( x)) f (lim g ( x)) .
x n 2n x 0 x 0
76. If lim = 80 and n N, then the value of ‘n’ is tan x 0
x 2 x 2 88. Assertion: lim 1 where x0 means x degree.
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 x0
x 0
sin 2x Reason: If lim f ( x) l , lim g ( x) m, then
77. lim is equal to x 0 x 0
x 0 x
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3 lim{ f ( x ) g ( x)} lm
x 0
78. If f (x) = xn and f (1) = 10, then the value of ‘n’ is 89. Assertion: Derivative of f (x) = x | x | is 2 | x |.
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 10 Reason: For function u and v, (uv) = uv + vu
k k
x 5
79. If lim 500 , then k is equal to : 90. Assertion: Let lim f (x) = l and lim g (x) = m. If l and m
x 5 x 5 x a x a
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 both exist, then lim (fg) (x) = lim f (x). lim g (x) = lm
x a x a x a
ASSERTION - REASON TYPE QUESTIONS Reason: Let f be a real valued function defined by
f (x) = x2 + 1, then f (2) = 4.
Directions : Each of these questions contains two statements,
91. Assertion: Derivative of f (x) = 2 is zero.
Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four
Reason: Differentiation of a constant function is zero.
alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below. CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct
explanation for assertion. Directions : This section contains multiple choice questions. Each
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), out of which only
correct explanation for assertion one is correct.
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect sin 2 2x
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct. 92. Evaluate lim .
sin ax a
x 0 x2
80. Assertion: lim (a) 4 (b) – 4 (c) sin x (d) cos x
x 0 bx b 3
sin ax b x cot x
Reason: lim (a, b 0) 93. The value of lim is
x 0 sin bx a 1 cos x x 0
81. Assertion: lim (cosec x – cot x) = 0 (a) 1 (b) –2 (c) 2 (d) 0
x 0
tan 2x x(e x 1)
Reason: lim 1 94. The value of lim is
x x 0 1 cos x
2 x
2 (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) –2 (d) does not exist
82. Assertion: If a and b are non-zero constants, then the
1 cos 2 x
derivative of f (x) = ax + b is a. 95. lim is
Reason: If a, b and c are non-zero constants, then the x 0 2x
derivative of f (x) = ax2 + bx + c is ax + b. (a) 1 (b) –1 (c) zero (d) does not exist
83. Let a1, a2, a3, ..., an be fixed real numbers and define a function x tan 2 x 2 x tan x
96. lim is
f (x) = (x – a1) (x – a2) ... (x – an), then x 0 (1 cos 2 x ) 2
Assertion: lim f (x) = 0.
x a1 (a) 2 (b) –2 (c) 1/2 (d) –1/2
Reason: limf (x) = (a – a1) (a – a2) ...(a – an), for some a a1, sin( cos x) 2
a2, ..., an.
x a
97. lim equals
84. Assertion: Suppose f is real valued function, the derivative
x 0 x2
f (x h) f (x) (a) (b) (c) /2 (d) 1
of ‘f’ at x is given by f (x) = lim .
h 0 h cos sin
Reason: If y = f (x) is the function, then derivative of ‘f’ at 98. The value of lim is
any x is denoted by f (x). 4 4
85. Assertion. For the function
x100 x 99 x2 (a) (b) (c) – 2 (d) 2
f (x) = ... x 1, f (1) = 100f (0). 4 4
100 99 2
 218 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE

x |x| 2
99. If f (x) = , then the value of lim f (x) is 2x 1 2 2x 2x 2
x x 0 (b) sin
x2 1 x2 1
(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) does not exist (d) None of these 2x 1
2
2 2x 2x 2
100. f (x) is a function such that f (x) = – f(x) and f (x) = g(x) and (c) sin
h (x) is a function such that h (x) = [f(x)]2 + [g(x)]2 and x2 1 x2 1
h (5) = 11, then the value of h (10) is 2
2x 1 2 2x 2x 2
(a) 5 (b) –5 (c) –11 (d) 11 (d) sin
2
x 1 x2 1
101. Let and be the distinct roots of ax2 + bx = c = 0, then
12(2 x 3)
2 109. lim is equal to
1 cos(ax bx c) x 2 x 2 x 3x 2 2x 3
lim is equal to
2 1 1
x (x )
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) – 2
2 2
a2
(a) ( )2 (b) 0 x n 3n
2 110. If lim = 108, the positive integer n is equal to
x 3 x 3

(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 4

a2 1
(c) ( )2 (d) ( )2 cosax cos bx m
2 2 111. lim is equal to , where m and n are
x 0 cos cx 1 n
((a n)nx tan x )sin nx respectively
102. If lim 0, where n is non-zero real
x 0 x2 (a) a2 + b2, c2 (b) c2, a2 + b2
number, then a is equal to (c) a2 – b2, c2 (d) c2, a2 – b2
n 1 1 112. lim [x – 1], where [.] is greatest integer function, is equal to
x 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) n (d) n
n n (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) does not exist
103. If sin y = x sin (a + y), then value of dy/dx is tan x sin x
113. lim is equal to
sin a y sin 2 a y
x 0 sin 3 x
(a) (b) 1
sin a sin a (a) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) Not defined
2
cos 2 a y 114. If a, b are fixed non-zero constant, then the derivative of
(c) sin2 (a + y) (d) a b
sin a + cos x is ma + nb – p, where
x4 x2
x dy 2
104. If y = x tan , then value of (1 + cosx) – sin x is (a) m = 4x3, n = 3 , p sin x
2 dx x
(a) – x (b) x 2
(c) x (d) None 4 2
(b) m = 5 , n , p sin x
x sin x x x3
105. Differential coefficient of is 4 2
1 cos x (c) m = 5 , n ,p sin x
x x3
x sin x x sin x x sin x x sin x 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) (d) m = 4x3, n = 3 , p = – sin x
1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x 1 cos x x
dy 115. If a is a fixed non-zero constant, then the derivative of
106. If x3 + y3 = 3xy, then value of is sin(x a)
dx is
cos x
x y2 x2 y x 2 y2 x y cosa cosa sin a sin a
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2 (a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d)
x 2
y x y 2
x y x y2 cos x cos x cos x cos 2 x
x 4
116. lim is equal to
d2 y x 4 x 4
107. If y = axn +1 + bx – n , then value of x2 is (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) – 1 (d) does not exist
dx 2
(a) n (n + 1) y (b) n (n + 1) y
2 k cos x
, when x
(c) 2n (n – 1) y (d) None of these 2x 2
117. Let f (x) =
2x 1 dy 3, when x
108. If y = f and f ' (x) = sin x2, then value of is 2
x2 1 dx
If lim f (x) = f , then k is equal to
2x 1
2
2 2x 2x 2 x 2
2
(a) sin
x2 1 x2 1 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE 219

x 2a x 2a
118. If f (x) = |cos x – sin x|, then f is equal to 130. The value of lim is
4 x 2a 2 2
x 4a
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) None of these 1 1 a
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2 a
x y a 2 a 2
119. If f(x) + f (y) = f for all x, y R (xy 1) and x
1 xy 1 tan [1 sin x]
f (x) 2
lim 1 131. lim is
x 0 x
= 2. Then, f is x
3 x
2 1 tan [ 2 x ]3
3 4 3 3 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 1
4 3 6 2 (a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
120. If f be a function given by f (x) = 2x2 + 3x – 5. Then, 8 32
f (0) = mf (–1), where m is equal to 1 cos{2( x 2)}
(a) – 1 (b) – 2 (c) – 3 (d) – 4 132. xlim2 x 2 is equal to
121. For the function
x100 x 99 x2 (a) equals 2 (b) equals – 2
f (x) = ... x 1,
100 99 2 1
f (1) = mf (0), where m is equal to (c) equals (d) does not exist
2
(a) 50 (b) 0 (c) 100 (d) 200
133. Let f : R [0, ) be such that lim f(x) exists and
2sin 2 x sin x 1 x 5
122. Evaluate: xlim/6 2
2sin 2 x 3sin x 1 f x 9
(a) 3 (b) – 3 lim 0 . Then lim f(x) equals :
(c) 1 (d) – 1
x 5 x 5 x 5

123. The function u = ex sin x, v = ex cos x satisfy the equation (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
du dv d2u tan 2 x 2 tan x 3
(a) v u u 2 v2 (b) 2v 134. The value of lim is at tan x = 3, is
dx dx dx 2 x 0 tan 2 x 4 tan x 3
d 2v (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(c) 2u (d) All of these
dx 2
x 3 z2 (z x) 2
|x| 1 , x 0 135. lim is equal to
x 0 3 4
124. If f (x) = 0 , x 0 then lim f (x) exists for all 8xz 4x 2 3
8xz
x a
|x| 1 , x 0
(a) a 1 (b) a 0 (c) a –1 (d) a 2 z 1
5/3 5/3 (a) 11 / 3 (b) 23 / 3 (c) 2 21/ 3 z (d) None of these
( x 2) ( a 2) 2 2 .z
125. Evaluate : lim .
x a x a 1 1
136. lim equals to
5 5 h 0 h3 8 h 2h
(a) (a 2)2 / 3 (b) (a 2)2/ 3
3 3 1 1 1 1
5 5 (a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) (a 2) 2 / 3 (d) (a 2)2 / 3 8 8 48 48
3 3
cos sin x cos x
x sin x 137. The value of lim is
126. lim is equal to x 0 x4
x 0 x sin 2 x
equal to
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d) None of these (a) 1/5 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/2
x sin 5x
127. What is the value of lim ? 1 cos x 2sin x sin x x 2 3x 4 3
x 0 sin 2 4 x 138. The value of lim is
5 5 25 x 0 tan 3 x 6 sin 2 x x 5x 3
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) – 1 (d) – 2
4 16 4
x
a –x a g x
128. If lim a = –1, then a is equal to: 139. A function f is said to be a rational function, if f (x) = ,
x 0 x – aa
h (x)
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 where g (x) and h (x) are polynomials such that h (x) 0, then
g (a)
1 2 x 3 (a) h (a) 0 lim f (x) =
129. The value of lim is x a h (a)
x 2 x 2
1 1 (b) h (a) = 0 and g (a) 0 lim f (x) does not exist
x a
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) None of these
8 3 4 3 (c) Both (a) and (b) are true
(d) Both (a) and (b) are false.
 220 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE

CONCEPT TYPE QUESTIONS 1 x x2 1 x(1 x)

= lim = lim
1. (a) Given function f (x) = x . Observe that as x takes values
2
x 0
x 1 x x2 1
x 0
x 1 x x2 1
very close to 0, the value of f (x) also approaches
towards 0.
1 x 1
We say lim f (x) 0 = lim
x 0
x 0 1 x x 2
1 2
(i.e, the limit of f (x) as x tends to zero equals zero).
1, x 0 8. (a) Left hand limit = lim f (x) = lim (3x –1) = 3.1 – 1 = 2
2. (a) Given function f (x) = 2, x 0 x 1 x 1
Y
Graph of this function
and Right hand limit = lim f (x) = lim (x2 + 1)
is shown below. It is x 1 x 1
clear that the value of f y = f (x)
= 1 +1=22
at 0 dictated by values (0, 2)
of f (x) with x 0 equals lim f (x) = lim f (x) = 2
1, i.e. the left hand limit (0, 1) x 1 x 1
of f (x) at x = 0 is X X So lim f (x) = 2
x 1
lim f (x) 1
x 0

Similarly, the value of Y

1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2
9. (a) lim .
f at x = 0 dictated by values of f (x) with x > 0 equals 2, x 0 x2 1 x2 1 x2
i.e., the right hand limit of f (x) at x = 0 is
lim f (x) 2 1 x2 1 x2
x 0
lim
In this case the right and left hand limits are different, x 0 2
x 1 x2 1 x2
and hence we say that the limit of f (x) as x tends to
zero does not exist (even though the function is defined
at 0). 2x 2 2 2
lim 1
(x 1) (x 1) 1 1 x 0
x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 1 2
3. (b) Limit = lim =–2
x 1 (x 2) (x 1) 1 2
d 1 t 1 t ( 1) (1 t) (1)
1 0 1 0 2 10. (a) f '(t)
4. (a) From direct substitution =2 dt 1 t (1 t) 2
1 0 1
1 t 1 t 2
2
x( 1 x 1 x ) 1 x 1 x (1 t) (1 t) 2
5. (a) Limit = lim = lim 1
x 0 (1 x) (1 x) x 0 2
2 2t 2
f '[1/ t] 2 2
1 x 4 1 x 4 1 x 4 1 t 1
6. (c) lim lim . 1
x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 1 x 4 t
11. (d) Let f and g be two functions such that both lim f (x)
1 x 4 (x 5) x a
lim lim
x 5 (x 5) (1 x 4) x 5 (x 5)(1 x 4) and lim g (x) exist. Then,
x a

1 1 1 (i) Limit of sum of two functions is sum of the limits

lim of the functions i.e.,
x 5 (1 x 4) (1 5 4) 2
7. (a) By rationalisation of numerator, given expression lim [f (x) + g (x)] = lim f (x) + lim g (x).
x a x a x a

(ii) Limit of difference of two functions is difference

1 x x 2 1 1 x x2 1 of the limits of the functions, i.e.,
= lim .
x 0 x 1 x x2 1 lim [f (x) – g (x)] = lim f (x) – lim g (x).
x a x a x a
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE 221
(iii) Limit of product of two functions is product of (x 1)(1 0) (x 1)(1 0) x 1 x 1
the limits of the functions, i.e., =
(x 1) 2 (x 1) 2
lim [f (x).g (x)] = lim f (x). lim g (x).
x a x a x a dy 2 2
(iv) Limit of quotient of two functions is quotient of dx (x 1) 2 (1 x) 2
the limits of the functions (whenever the
denominator is non-zero), i.e., 19. (c) Let y = 4 x 2 y = 4x1/2 – 2
Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
lim f (x)
f (x) x a
lim , lim dy 1 1
1 1
2
x a g (x) x a g(x) if x a g (x) 0
= lim = 4. x 2 0 = 2x 2
dx 2 x
12. (b) It is easy to see that the derivative of the function 20. (b) Let y = (ax + b)n
f (x) = x is the constant function 1. This is because Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
f (x h) f (x) x h x dy
f (x) = lim = lim = lim1 =1 n 1 d
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 = n(ax b) (ax b) = n(ax + b)n – 1 a
dx dx
13. (c) Let f (x) = sin x. Then,
dy
f (0 h) f (0) = na(ax + b)n – 1
f (0) = lim
h 0
dx
h
21. (b) Let y = sinnx y = (sin x)n
sin(0 h) sin(0) sin h Differentiating y w.r.t.x, we get
= lim lim 1
h 0 h h 0 h
dy d dy
14. (d) We have, = n(sin x)n – 1 (sin x) = n(sin x)n–1 cos x
dx dx dx
f (2 h) f (2) 3(2 h) 3(2) 22. (d) Let y = (x2 + 1) cos x,
f (2) = lim
h 0
lim
h h 0 h Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
6 3h 6 3h dy d d 2
= lim lim lim3 3. = (x2 + 1) (cos x) + cos x (x + 1)
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 dx dx dx
The derivative of the function f (x) = 3x at x = 2 is 3. (by product rule)
15. (b) Since, the derivative measures the change in the = (x + 1) (– sin x) + cos x (2x) = –x sin x – sinx + 2x cos x
2 2
function, intuitively it is clear that the derivative of the
constant function must be zero at every point. f (x h) f (x)
23. (c) We have, f (x) = lim
h 0
h
f (0 h) f (0) 3 3 0
f (0)= lim
h 0
lim lim 0
h h 0 h h 0 h tan a(x h) b tan(ax b)
= lim
f (3 h) f (3) 3 3 h 0 h
Similarly, f (3) = lim = lim 0
h 0 h h 0 h
sin(ax ah b) sin(ax b)
16. (d) The derivative of f at x = a is denoted by
cos(ax ah b) cos(ax b)
d df df
= lim
f (x) or or even
h 0 h
dx a dx a dx x a

17. (a) Let y = x + a sin(ax ah b)cos(ax b) sin(ax b)

Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get cos(ax ah b)
= lim
dy h 0 h cos(ax b) cos(ax ah b)
=1+ 0=1
dx
a sin(ah)
1 = lim
1 h 0
a.h cos(ax b) cos(ax ah b)
x x 1
18. (b) Let y = y=
1 x 1
1 a sin ah
x = lim lim
h 0 cos(ax b) cos(ax ah b) h 0 ah
Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
[as h 0, ah 0]
d d
(x 1) (x 1) (x 1) (x 1) a
dy dx dx
= = a sec2 (ax b)
dx (x 1) 2 cos 2 (ax b)
222 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE
24. (b) f (x) = x sin x 33. (a) We have,
d
f (x) = (x sin x) a sin x 1 ay 1
dx lim lim = log a, where y = sin x
x 0 sin x y 0 y
d d
= sin x x x sin x sin x x cos x [ x 0 y = sin x 0]
dx dx
2sin 2 3x
f = sin cos 1 34. (b) Consider lim
2 2 2 2 x 0 x2
25. (b) If given function is 6x100 – x55 + x. Then, the derivative
of function is 6.100.x99 – 55.x54 + 1 sin 3x
2
sin 3x
2
or 600x99 – 55x54 + 1 = 2. lim 2. lim 3
x 0 x x 0 3x
x
26. (b) lim =1
x 0 tan x 2
sin 3x
= 2.9. lim 18 1 18
27. (a) We have, x 0 3x
d d
(log x x) (1) 0 [ logx x = 1]
dx dx sin m 2 sin m 2
35. (d) Consider lim = lim .m 2 = 1×m2 = m2
28. (b) We have, 2
0 0 m
d 3log x d log x d 3 3
(e ) (e ) (x ) 3x 2 [ elog k = k] 36. (b) f (x) = 7(–3)x–3–1= –21x–4.
dx dx dx
37. (b) f (x) = 2 cos x – 12x3
29. (b) We have,
38. (d) Applying product rule,
d 1 d 2
x 2 sin x = (x sin x x 2 ) d d
dx x2 dx f ( x) ( x – 1)
x – 2 ( x – 2) x –1
dx dx
d 2 d d x 1 x 2 =2x 3
= (x ) (sin x) (x 2 )
dx dx dx
= 2x + cos x + (–2) x–3 f (x)
39. (a) For lim to exist, then both lim f (x) and
30. (b) We have, x a g(x) x a

2
d 1 d 1 lim g(x) must exist.
x = x 2 x a
dx x dx x
x x
1 1
d d d 1 3 3 2x 2
(x) (x 1 ) (2) = 1 + (– 1) x–2 + 0 = 1 2 40. (a) lim lim
dx dx dx x x 0 x x 0 3x 3
31. (b) We have, f (x) = xn
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we obtain cos x 1 1
41. (c) lim
x 0 x 0
d d
f (x) = ( xn )
dx dx 1
42. (b) 3 f ( x) 2 f x …(i)
d n x
n 1
f (x) = (x ) f (x) n.x
dx
1 1 1
Putting x = 1 on both sides, we get Put x , then 3 f 2 f ( x) …(ii)
x x x
f (1)
f (1) = .n = Solving (i) and (ii) , we get
n
32. (c) We have, 2 3 2
5 f ( x) 3x f '( x)
d d
x 5 5 x2
d
(x sin x) = x. (sin x) sin x. x
dx dx dx 3 2 1
= x cos x + sin x · 1 = x cos x + sin x. f '(2)
5 20 2
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE 223

7x sin x
43. (a) Given function is f (x) 48. (a) I. lim 1 (Standard Result)
(2x 1) (x 3) x 0 x
Breaking into partial fraction II.Let us recall the trigonometric identity
1 3 x
We get, f (x) 1 – cos x = 2 sin 2 .
2x 1 x 3 2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get x
2sin 2
2 3 1 cos x 2
f (x) Then, lim = lim
x x 0 x
(2x 1) 2 (x 3) 2
x 0

x x
44. (a) sin sin
2 x 2 x
= lim .sin = lim .lim sin
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS x 0 x 2 x 0 x x 0 2
2 2
45. (b) Given function = 1.0 = 0
Y
g(x) = | x |, x 0. Observe 8 Observe that, we have implicity used the fact that x 0
that g (0) is not defined. 6 x
4 is equivalent to 0 . This may be justified by
Now, on computing the 2 2
2 4 6 8
value of g (x) for values X X x
–8 –6 –4–2O –2 putting y = .
of x very near to 0, we see 2
–4
that the value of g(x) –6 2
ax 2 bx c a (1) b 1 c
moves towards 0. So, –8 49. (b) I. Given, lim = 2
Y
x 1 cx 2 bx a c (1) b 1 a
lim g (x) = 0. This is g(x) = |x|
x 0 a b c
= 1
intuitively clear from the c b a
graph of y = | x | for x 0. 1 1
46. (a) Given, the following function. (2 x)
II. xlim2 x 2 = xlim2
x2 4 Y x 2 2x(x 2)
h(x) ,x 2
x 2 (0, 4) y = h(x) 1 1 1
Now, on computing lim
x 2 2x 2( 2) 4
the value of h (x) for (0, 2)

values of x very near (a h) 2 sin(a h) a 2 sin a

50. (c) We have lim
to 2 (but not at x = 2), X h 0 h
X
O (2, 0)
we get all these (–2, 0) (a 2 h 2 2ah) [sin a cos h cos a sin h] a 2 sin a
Y = lim
values are near to 4. h 0 h
This is somewhat strengthened by considering the
a 2 sin a(cos h 1) a 2 cosa sin h
graph of the function y = h (x). = hlim0
h h
47. (a) I. Given,
15 10
x15 1 lim x 1 x 1 (h 2a)(sin a cos h cos a sin h)
lim 10 = x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
h
a 2 sin a 2sin 2
x15 1 x10 1 2 h a 2 cos a sin h
lim
= x 1 lim = lim . lim
x 1 x 1 x 1 h 0 h2 2 h 0 h
2
3
= 15(1)14 10(1)9 = 15 10 = + lim(h 2a) sin (a h)
2 h 0

II. Put y = 1 + x, so that y 1 as x 0. = a sin a × 0 + a cos a(1) + 2 a sin a = a2 cos a + 2a sin a.

2 2

51. (a) I. Recall the trigonometric rule sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x.

1 x 1 y 1 Thus,
Then, lim = lim
y 1 y 1
x 0 x df (x) d d
= (2 sin x cos x) 2 (sin x cos x)
1 1 dx dx dx
y 2 12 1 12 1 1 = 2[(sin x) cos x + sin x (cos x) ]
= lim
y 1 y 1
= (1) = 2[(cos x) cos x + sin x (–sin x)]
2 2 = 2(cos2 x – sin2 x)
224 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE
cos x x 3 h 3 3xh (x h) x 3
II. g (x) = cot x = = lim
sin x h 0 h
d d d cos x lim
g (x) = (cot x) = h 0 (h + 3x (x + h)) = 3x2
2

dx dx dx sin x
(cos x) (sin x) (cos x)(sin x) f (x h) f (x)
= II. f (x) = lim
(sin x)2 h 0 h
( sin x) (sin x) (cos x)(cos x) 1 1
= (x h)3 x 3 1
(sin x)2 = lim f (x)
h 0 h x3
(sin 2 x cos 2 x)
= = – cosec2x x (x h)3
3
sin 2 x lim
= h 0
52. (c) I. Let f (x) = x2 –2, we have (x h)3 x 3h
f (x h) f (x) x 3 [x 3 h 3 3xh(x h)]
f (x) = hlim0 = lim
h h 0 (x h)3 x 3h
[(x h) 2 2] (x 2 2) h 3 3xh(x h)
f (x) = lim = lim
h 0 h h 0 (x h)3 x 3 h
x h 2xh 2 x 2 2
2 2
h[h 2 3x(x h)] 3
= lim
h 0 h = lim
h 0 (x h)3 x 3 h x4
h(h 2x)
= hlim0 = 0 + 2x = 2x 55. (a) I. Let f (x) = –x
h
f (x h) f (x)
At x = 10, f (10) = 2 × 10 = 20 We have, f (x) = lim
II. Let f (x) = 99 x
h 0 h
(by first principle)
f (x h) f (x) (x h) ( x) x h x
We have f (x) = hlim0 = lim = lim
h h 0 h h 0 h
99(x h) 99x h
f (x) = hlim0 f (x) = lim
h 0 h
1
h
99x 99h 99x 99h II. Let f (x) = ( –x)–1

= hlim0 = hlim0 99 1
h h f (x) =
At x = 100, f (100) = 99 x
III. Let f (x) = x f (x h) f (x)
We have, f (x) = lim (byfirst principle)
f (x h) f (x) h 0 h
We have, f (x) = hlim0
h 1 1
x h x h x h x
f (x) = lim f (x) lim 1 f (x) = lim
h 0 h
h 0 h h 0h

At x = 1, f (1) = 1 1 1
x x h lim x h x
3 f (x) = lim
53. (b) I. We have, y = 2x h 0 h h 0 x(x h)h
4
h 1 1
Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get = lim
h 0 x(x h)h x(x 0) x 2
dy
= 2×1–0=2 56. (b) I. Let y =sin (x + a)
dx
II. We have, y = (5x3 + 3x –1) (x – 1) y =sin x cos a + cos x sin a
Differentiating y w.r.t x, we get [ sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B]
Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
dy 3 d d 3
= (5x 3x 1) (x 1) (x 1) (5x 3x 1) dy d d
dx dx dx = cos a (sin x) sin a (cos x)
= (5x3 + 3x –1) (1 – 0) + (x – 1) (5 × 3x2 + 3 × 1 – 0) dx dx dx
= (5x3 + 3x – 1) + (x – 1) (15x2 + 3) = cos a cos x – sin a sin x = cos (x + a)
= 5x3 + 3x – 1 + 15x3 + 3x – 15x2 – 3 II. Let y = cosec x cot x
= 20x3 –15x2 + 6x – 4 Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
f (x h) f (x) dy d d
54. (d) I. f (x) = lim = cosec x (cot x) cot x (cosec x)
h 0 h dx dx dx
(x h)3 x 3 = – cosec x cosec2x + cot x (–cosec x cot x)
= lim
h 0 h = –cosec3x – cot2 x cosec x
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE 225
57. (d) I. The derivative of the function is Multiplying and dividing by x and then multiplying
2

1 + 2x + 3x2 + ... + 50x49. At x = 1 the value of this 4

by in the numerator,,
function equals to 4
2
1 + 2(1) + 3(1)2 + ... + 50(1)49 = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 50 x2 x
2 4 2
(50) (51) sin x 4 sin x 2
= 1275 = lim = lim 4
2 x 0 x2 2 x x 0 x x
sin sin
II. Clearly, this function is defined everywhere except at 2 2
x = 0. We use the quotient rule with u = x + 1 and =1×1×4=4
v = x. Hence, u = 1 and v = 1. Therefore, ax x cos x
D. Given, lim
df (x) d x 1 d u u v uv x 0 bsin x
= Dividing each term by x, we get
dx dx x dx v v2
ax x cos x
1(x) (x 1)1 1
= x x a cos x
x2 x2 = lim bsin x
= lim
x 0 x 0 sin x
58. (d) 59. (d) b
x x
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS a cos0 a 1 sin x
= lim 1
b 1 b x 0 x
60. (b) We say lim f (x) is the expected value of f at x = a
x a E. lim x sec x 0 sec 0 0 1 0
given the values of f near x to the left of a. This value x 0

is called the left hand limit of f at a. sin ax bx

F. lim
Now, lim f (x) is the expected value of f at x = a given x ax sin bx
0
x a Dividing each term by x,
the values of f near x to the right of a. This value is
sin ax bx a sin ax
called the right hand limit of f (x) at a and b
if the right and left hand limits coincide, we call that = lim x x lim ax
x 0 ax sin bx x 0 bsin bx
common value as the limit of f(x) at x = a and denote it a
x x bx
by lim f (x) .
x a
a 1 b a b sin x
= 1 lim 1
61. (b) A. lim x + 3 = 3 + 3 = 6 a b 1 a b x 0 x
x 3

22 22 1
B. lim x 63. (d) A. Let y = cosec x =
x 7 7 sin x
Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
C. lim r 2 = × (1)2 =
r 1 d d
sin x (1) (1) (sin x)
4x 3 4 4 3 19 dy dx dx
D. lim =
x 4 x 2 4 2 2 dx sin 2 x
x10 x 5 1 ( 1)10 ( 1) 5 1 1 1 1 1 sin x 0 1 cos x
E. xlim1 =
x 1 1 1 2 2 sin 2 x
sin ( x) 0 cos x cos x 1
62. (d) A. Given, lim
x ( x) = sin 2 x sin x sin x
Let – x = h, As x , then h 0
sin ( x) sin h 1 sin h dy
lim lim lim = – cot x cosec x
x ( x) h 0 h h 0 h dx
B. Let y = 3 cot x + 5 cosec x
1 1 sin h Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
= 1 lim 1
h 0 h dy
cos x = – 3 cosec2 x – 5 cosec x cot x
B. Given lim dx
x 0 x C. Let y = 5 sin x – 6 cos x + 7
cos 0 1 Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
Put the limit directly, we get
0 dy
= 5 cos x – 6 (– sin x) + 0 = 5 cos x + 6 sin x
cos 2x 1 1 cos 2 x 2sin 2 x dx
C. Given, lim lim = lim D. Let y = 2 tan x – 7 sec x
x 0 cos x 1 x 0 1 cos x x 0 x
2sin 2 Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
2
x dy
1 cos 2x 2sin 2 x and1 cos x 2sin 2 = 2 sec2 x – 7 sec x tan x
2 dx
226 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE
f (x h) f (x) 68. (c) lim f (x) = f (1)
64. (a) A. Since, f (x) = lim x 1
h 0 h
10(x h) 10(x) 10h i.e. RHL = LHL = f (1)
= lim = lim
h 0 h h 0 h lim f (x) = lim1 f (x) 4
x 1 x 1
= lim(10)
h 0
10
lim f (1 h) = lim f (1 h) = 4
f (x h) f (x) h 0 h 0
B. We have, f (x) = lim
h 0 h lim b – a (1 + h) = lim a + b(1 – h) = 4
(x h) 2 (x) 2 h 0 h 0
= lim b – a(1 + 0) =a + b(1 – 0) = 4
h 0 h
lim (h 2x) 2x b – a = 4 and b + a = 4
= h 0 On solving, we get a = 0, b = 4
f (x h) f (x)
C. We have, f (x) = lim lim
sin(2 x) sin(2 x)
h 0 h 69. (d)
a a 0
x 0 x
= lim lim 0 (as h 0)
h 0 h h 0h (2 x 2 x) (2 x 2 x)
f (x h) f (x) 2 cos
sin
D. We have, f (x) = lim = lim
x 0
2 2
h 0 h x
1 1 (2 cos 2)sin x
(x h) x = lim = 2 cos 2
= lim x 0 x
h 0 h p = 2 and q = 2.
1 x (x h) 1 h
= lim = lim 70. (c) At x = 5, RHL = lim f (x)
h 0h x(x h) h 0 h x(x h) x 5

1 1 = lim f (5 + h) = lim |5 + h| – 5 = 0
= lim h 0 h 0
h 0 x(x h) x 2
L.H.L = lim
x 5
f (x) = lim
h 0
f (5 – h)
INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
= lim
h 0
|5 – h| – 5 = 0
2 x 2 2 x 2 (2 x) 2
65. (b) lim = lim Hence, RHL = LHL = lim
x 5
f (x) = 0
x 0 x 2 x 2 x 0
x 2 x 2 x x
sin x 2 sin cos
1 1 71. (b) lim = lim 2 2
= lim = x 0 x(1 cos x) x 0
2 x
x 0 2 x 2 2 2 x 2cos
2
a 2x 3x a 2x 3x x
66. (c) lim tan
x a
3a x 2 x a 2x 3x tan x/2 1 2 1
= lim x =
.lim =
x 0 2 x 0 x 2
(a 2x) 3x 2. 2
= lim
x a
2 2
3a x 2 x a 2x 3x sin 4x sin 4x 4x 2x
72. (b) lim = lim
Again rationalizing, we get x 0 sin 2x x 0 4x sin 2x 2x
sin 4x 2x 4x 4
(a x) 3a x 2 x 4 a = lim 2
= lim x 0 4x sin 2x 2x 2
x a
a 2x 3x 3a 3x 6 3a
x 0 4x 0 and 2x 0
2 3 73. (d) At x = 0,
=
9 RHL= lim f (x) = lim f (0 h) = lim3(0
h 0
h 1) 3
x 0 h 0

67. (a) Put y = x LHL= lim f (x) = limf (0 h) = lim

h 0
2(0 h) 3 3
2 x 0 h 0

Hence, RHL = LHL = lim f (x) 3

x 0
lim (sec x – tan x) = lim sec y tan y
x /2 y 0 2 2 74. (a) At x = – 1, limit exists.
RHL = LHL
1 cos y
= lim lim
y 0 [cosec y – cot y] = y 0
lim f (x) = lim f (x)
sin y x 1 x 1

y lim f ( – 1 + h) = lim f ( – 1 – h)
h 0 h 0
2sin 2
2 y lim c ( – 1 + h)2 = lim ( – 1 – h + 2)
= lim
y 0 y
lim
y = y 0 tan 2 0 h 0 h 0
2 sin cos 2 c ( – 1 + 0)2 = 1 – 0 c=1
2 2
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE 227
75. (d) We have f '(0) 1
4 2 (cos x sin x)5
lim f '(1) 100 1 100 f '(0)
x 1 sin 2x
4
5 5 5 5
Hence, f '(1) 100 f '(0)
2 2
[(cos x sin x) ] 2 2
(1 sin 2x) 2 2 2 1/ x 3
= lim = lim 86. (a) xlim0 (1 3 x) = lim 1 3 x
1/ 3 x
= e3
x 2 (1 sin 2x) x (1 sin 2x) 2 x 0
4 4
1/ x
5 5
5 because lim 1 x e
t2 2 2
5 1 x 0
= lim , where t = 1 + sin 2x = (2) 5 2
2
87. (c) Obviously Assertion is true, but Reason is not always
t 2 t 2 2
true.
x n 2n
76. (d) lim = 80 Consider, f ( x) [ x] and g(x) = sin x.
x 2 x 2
n.2n – 1 = 80 n.2n – 1 = 5.25 – 1 n=5 x
0 tan
sin 2x sin 2x sin 2x tan x 180
lim 88. (b) lim lim 1
77. (a) = lim 2 = 2.lim = 2 × 1 = 2. x 0 x0 x 0 x
x 0 x x 0 2x x 0 2x
78. (d) Let f (x) = xn 180
f (x) = n.xn – 1
and lim{ f ( x) g ( x)} lim f ( x ) lim g ( x) = lm
f (1) = n.1n – 1 = n x 0 x 0 x 0
10 = n 89. (a) Assertion: Let u = x, v = | x |
x k 5k 90. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct.
79. (b) Let lim 500 {(2 h) 2 1} {2 2 1}
x 5 x 5 Reason: f (2) = hlim0
xn an h
By using lim n .a n 1 , we have 2
h 4h
x a x a = hlim0 = hlim0 h + 4 = 4 f (2) = 4
k . 5k – 1 = 500 h
Now, put k = 4, we get 91. (a)
4.54 – 1 = 500 4.53 = 500
which is true. CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
k=4
sin 2 2x
92. (a) lim
ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
x 0 x2
(2sin x cos x) 2 sin 2 x
80. (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. lim = 4 lim . cos2 x = 4
x 0 x2 x 0 x2
81. (c) Assertion is correct
x 3 cot x x3 cot x 1 cos x
1 cos x 1 cos x 93. (c) lim = lim
lim lim x 0 1 cos x x 0 1 cos x 1 cos x
x 0 sin x sin x x 0 sin x
3
x x
2sin 2 = lim lim cos x lim (1 cos x) 2
= lim 2 = lim tan x 0 x 0 sin x x 0 x 0
x 0 x x x 0 2 2x 2 (e x 1)
2sin cos x(e x 1)
2 2 94. (b) lim = lim
x 0 1 cos x x 0 x
82. (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. 4sin 2
2
Reason: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c 2 x
f (x) = 2ax + b ( x / 2) e 1
= 2 xlim0 2 x =2
83. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but reason is sin ( x / 2)
not the correct explanation.
84. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct. 1 cos 2 x 1 (1 2 sin 2 x)
95. (d) lim lim ;
d n x 0 2x x 0 2x
85. (a) We know that ( x ) nx n 1
dx 2 sin 2 x
| sin x |
100 99 2 lim lim
x x x x 0 2x x 0 x
For f ( x ) ..... x 1
100 99 2 The limit of above does not exist as
LHS = –1 RHL = 1
100 x 99 x98 2x 96. (c) Given expression can be written as
f '( x ) 99 ..... 1
100 99 2 x tan 2 x 2 x tan x
= x99 + x98 + .......... + x + 1 lim
x 0 4sin 4 x
Now, f '(1) 1 1 ..........to 100 term = 100
 228 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE

x 2 tan x where n is non zero real number

= lim 2 tan x sin nx tan x
x 0 4 sin 4 x 1 tan 2 x lim n. ( a n) n 0
x 0 nx x
2 x tan x 1 1 tan 2 x
= lim 1
x 0 4sin 4 x 1 tan 2 x 1.n [(a – n) n – 1] = 0 a= n
n
2 x tan 3 x 103. (b) sin y = x sin (a + y)
= lim
x 0 4 sin x 4 (1
tan 2 x ) sin y
x
1 x 1 1 1 1 1 1 sin(a y)
= lim . . = .1. . Differentiating the function with respect to y
2 x 0 sin x cos3 x 1 tan 2 x 2 13 1 0 2
dx sin(a y) cos y sin y cos(a y)
sin ( cos 2 x ) sin ( sin 2 x)
97. (b) lim lim dy sin 2 (a y)
x 0 x2 x 0 x2
sin(a y y) sin a
[ sin( ) sin ]
2 2
sin (a y) sin (a y)
sin ( sin 2 x) ( sin 2 x)
= lim dysin (a y)2
x 0 sin 2 x x2
dx sin a
98. (d) Put = h or = +h x dy x x 1
4 4 104. (c) Let y = x tan = 1. tan + x. sec2 .
2 dx 2 2 2
cos h sin h x
4 4 x x x sin
Limit = lim 2 x
h = tan sec 2 =
h 0 2 2 2 x x
cos 2cos2
cos h cos h 2 2
4 4 x x
= lim 2 sin cos x
h 0 h 2 2 sin x x
= x 1 cos x
2 sin .sin h 2 cos2
= lim 4 2
2
h 0 h dy
(1 + cosx) – sin x = x
h |h| dx
99. (c) LHL = lim = lim (0) = 0 x sin x
h 0 h h 0 d
105. (d)
h |h| dx 1 cos x
RHL = lim =2 (1 cos x)(sin x x cos x) (x sin x)(0 sin x)
h 0 h
=
LHL RHL limit does not exist (1 cos x) 2
100. (d) h (x) = 2 f (x) f (x) + 2 g(x) g (x)
= 2 f (x) g(x) + 2 g(x) f (x) sin x(1 cos x) x cos x x(cos 2 x sin 2 x)
=
= 2 f (x) g(x) – 2 f (x) g (x) (1 cos x)2
= 0 [ f (x) = – f (x)] (x sin x)(1 cos x) x sin x
h(x) = c h(10) = h (5) = 11 =
1 cos a ( x )( x ) (1 cos x) 2 1 cos x
101. (a) Given limit = lim 2 106. (b) Differentiating w.r.t. x,
x (x )
(x )( x )
dy dy
2sin 2 a 3x2 + 3y2 = 3y + 3x
2 dx dx
= lim
x (x )2 dy dy x2 y
(x ) (x ) 3 (x – y) = 3
2
(x –y2)
sin 2
a dx dx x y2
2 2
= lim 107. (a) y = axn + 1 + bx – n
x (x )2 a2 ( x )2 ( x )2 dy
4 dx = (n + 1)ax – n bx
n – n– 1

a2 ( x )2 ( x )2
4 d2 y
= (n + 1)n axn –1 + n (n +1) bx – n–2
a2 ( )2 dx 2
= .
2 d2 y
102. (d) We are given that x2 = (n + 1) na. x n+1 + n (n + 1) b x–n
[(a n) nx tan x]sin nx dx 2
lim 0 = n (n + 1) [axn+1 + bx – n]= n (n +1)y
x 0 x2
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE 229

2x 1 1
108. (c) We have, y = f sin x 1
2 tan x sin x cos x
x 1 113. (a) We have, lim lim
dy 2x 1 (x 2
1)2 (2x 1).2x
x 0 sin 3 x x 0 sin 3 x
= f' 2 . x
dx x 1 (x 2 1)2 1 cosx
2sin 2
1
= lim lim 2
2 2
2x 1 2 2x 2x x 0 cos xsin 2 x x 0 x x 2
= sin . 4sin 2 .cos 2
2 2 2 2
x 1 (x 1)
2 a b
2 2x 1 2x 1 114. (b) Let y = cos x
f '(x) sin x , f ' sin x4 x2
x2 1 x2 1 y = ax – bx + cos x
–4 –2

109. (b) We have, Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get

1 2(2x 3) dy d d d
lim a (x 4 ) b (x 2 ) (cos x)
x 2 x 2 x 3x 2 2x
3 dx dx dx dx
= a(–4)x–4 – 1 – b (–2)x–2 – 1 (– sin x)
1
2(2x 3)
= lim 4a 2b d n
x 2 x 2 x(x 1) (x 2) = sin x (x ) nx n 1
x5 x3 dx
x(x 1) 2(2x 3)
= lim
x 2 x(x 1) (x 2) 115. (a) Let y =
sin(x a) sin x cos a cos x sin a
cos x cos x
x 2 5x 6 [ sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B]
= lim
x 2 x(x 1) (x 2) sin x cos a cos x sin a
= = cos a tan x + sin a
(x 2)(x 3) cos x cos x
= lim
x 2 x (x 1) (x 2)
(x – 2 0) Differentiating y w.r.t. x, we get
dy d d
x 3 1 = cos a (tan x) (sin a)
= lim dx dx dx
x 2 x(x 1) 2
cosa
= cos a sec2x + 0 =
x n 3n cos 2 x
110. (d) We have, lim = n(3)n – 1
x 3 x 3
| x 4|
Therefore, n(3)n – 1 = 108 = 4(27) = 4(3)4 – 1 116. (d) Let f (x) =
On comparing, we get n = 4 x 4
cos ax cos bx | 4 h 4|
111. (c) We have, lim At x = 4, RHL = lim f (x) = lim f (4 + h) = lim
x 0 cos cx 1 x h 04 h 0 (4 h 4)

(a b) (a b)x 4 h 4
2 sin x sin = lim
h 0
1
2 2 4 h 4
= lim
x 0 cx At x = 4, LHL = lim f (x) lim f (4 h)
2 sin 2 x 4 h 0
2
| 4 h 4| (4 h 4)
(a b)x (a b)x = lim lim 1
sin .sin 2 (4 h 4) h 0 (4 h 4)
h 0
2 2 . x
= lim 2
cx
RHL LHL
x 0
x sin 2 Hence, at x = 4, limit does not exist.
2
k cos x
(a b)x (a b)x cx 4
2
, x
sin sin 2 117. (c) Given, f (x) = 2x 2
2 2 2 c
= lim
x 0 (a b)x 2
.
(a b)x 2
.
cx
3 , x
. sin 2 2
.
2 a b 2 a b 2
a b a b 4 a 2 b2 Since, lim f (x) = f lim f (x) = 3
2
= . Hence m and n are x
2
x
2
2 2 c2 c2
a2 – b2 and c2 respectively.
k cos h
112. (d) Since,RHL = lim [x – 1] = 0 limf h =3 2
x 1 lim =3
h 0 2 h 0
andLHL = lim [x – 1] = –1 2 h
x 1 2
Hence, at x = 1 limit does not exist.
 230 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE

k sin h k sin h 1 2
lim =3 lim =3 f (x) = 2 =
h 0 2h h 0 2h 1 x 2
1 x2
k sin h k 1 2 2 6 3
lim =3 1 =3 f = 1 =
2 h 0 h 2 3 1 4 / 3 4 2
sin h 3
k =6 lim 1 120. (c) We first find the derivatives of f (x) at x = – 1 and at x = 0.
h 0 h
We have,
118. (d) We have, f (x) = |cos x – sin x|
f ( 1 h) f ( 1)
f (– 1) = lim
cos x sin x, for 0 x h 0 h
f (x) = 4 [2( 1 h) 2 3( 1 h) 5] [2( 1) 2 3( 1) 5]
sin x cos x, for x = lim
4 2
h 0 h
d 2h 2 h
Clearly, Lf = (cos x sin x) = lim lim(2h 1) 2(0) 1 1
4 dx at x
h 0 h h 0
4
f (0 h) f (0)
= ( sin x cos x) 2 and f (0) = lim
x
4
h 0 h
d [2 (0 h) 2 3 (0 h) 5] [2(0) 2 3(0) 5]
and Rf = sin x cos x = lim
4 dx
h 0 h
at x
4 2h 2 3h
= (cos x sin x) x 2 = lim lim(2h 3) 2(0) 3 3
h 0 h h 0
4
Clearly, f (0) = –3f (–1)
Lf Rf x100 x 99 x2
4 4 121. (c) Given,f (x) = ... x 1
100 99 2
f doesn’t exist. 100x 99 99x 98 2x
f (x) = ... 1 0
4 100 99 2
x y [ f (x) = xn f (x) = nxn–1]
119. (d) f (x) + f (y) = f …(i) f (x) = x + x + ... + x + 1
99 98
...(i)
1 xy
Putting x = y = 0, we get f (0) = 0 Putting x = 1, we get
Putting y = – x, we get f (x) + f (– x) = f (0) = 0 (1)99 198 ... 1 1 1 1 1... 1 1
f (1) = =
f (– x) = – f (x) ...(ii) 100 times 100 times
f (x) f (1) = 100 ...(ii)
Also, lim
x 0 x
=2 ...(iii) Again, putting x = 0, we get
f (x h) f (x) f (0) = 0 + 0 + ... + 0 + 1
Now, f (x) = lim f (0) = 1 ...(iii)
h 0 h From eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
[using eq. (ii) –f (x) = f (–x)]
f (1) = 100f (0)
x h x Hence, m = 100
f
1 (x h)( x) 122. (b) We have,
f (x) = lim 2sin 2 x sin x 1 (2sin x 1) (sin x 1)
h 0 h lim
[using eq. (i)] = lim
x /6 2sin 2 x 3sin x 1 x /6 (2sin x 1) (sin x 1)

h 1
f 1
lim
f (x) = h 0 1 x(x h) sin x 1 2
= xlim/6 3
h sin x 1 1 1
2
h 123. (d) We have, u = ex sin x
f
1 xh x 2 1 du
f (x) = lim = ex sin x + ex cos x = u + v
h 0 h 1 xh x 2 dx
1 xh x 2 v = ex cos x
dv
= ex cos x – ex sin x = v – u
h dx
f du dv
1 xh x 2 1 Consider v u = v(u + v) – u(v – u) = u2 + v2
f (x) = lim lim dx dx
h 0 h h 0 1 xh x 2
1 xh x 2 d2 u du dv
= = u + v + v – u = 2v
dx 2 dx dx
f (x)
using lim 2 d2v dv du
x 0 x and 2 = = (v – u) – (v + u) = –2u
dx dx dx
LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE 231

|x| 1 , x 0 x 1, x 0 ax xa
124. (b) Given, f (x) = 0 , x 0 0 , x 0 128. (c) As given lim 1
aa x 0 xa
|x| 1 , x 0 x 1 , x 0
Applying limit, we have
Let us first check the existence of limit of f (x) at x = 0.
1 0
At x = 0, 1( a0 = 1)
a
RHL = lim f (x) = lim f (0 h) lim(0 h) 1 0 a
x 0 h 0 h 0
1
= lim h – 1 = 0 – 1 = – 1 1 aa = 1
a
h 0 a
LHL = lim f (x) = limf (0 h) Taking log on both the sides
x 0 h 0
a log a = 0 a = 0 or log a = 0
= lim (0 h) 1 a 0 log a = 0 a=1
h 0
129. (a) The required limit
= limh 1 0 1 1
h 0
RHL LHL [1 2 x 3]
= lim (on rationalizing)
At x = 0, limit does not exist. x 2 (x 2) 1 2 x 3
Note that for any a < 0 or a > 0, limf (x) exists,
x a
as for a < 0, limf (x) = lim – x + 1 = –a + 1 exists and x 2 2 x 2 2
x a x a = lim
for a > 0, lim f (x) = lim x – 1 = a – 1 exists. Hence, x 2 x 2 1 2 x 3 x 2 2
x a x a
lim f(x) exists for all a 0. x 2 4
x a
5/3 5/3 5/3 5/3 = lim
( x 2) ( a 2) ( x 2) (a 2) x 2 x 2 1 2 x 3 x 2 2
125. (d) lim lim
x a x a x a ( x 2) (a 2)
1
y 5/3 b5/3 = lim
lim , x 2 1 2 x 3 x 2 2
y b y b
where x + 2 = y, a + 2 = b. and 1 1 1
.
when x a, y b 2 3 4 8 3
5 5/3 1 5 2/3 5
b b (a 2)2/3 . x 2a x 2a
3 3 3 130. (b) lim
2 2 2
x 2a x 4a x 4a 2
sin x
1 1 x 2a
x sin x x lim
126. (b) lim lim x 2a x 2a x 2a x 2a
x 0 x sin 2 x x 0 sin 2 x
1
x 1 x 2a
lim
sin x 2 a x 2a
x 2a x 2a x 2a
1
x 1 1
lim 0
x 0 sin x 1 1 0 1 x 2a 1
1 sin x lim 0
x 2 a x 2a x 2a x 2a 2 a
x sin 5x x
127. (c) lim tan .(1 sin x )
x sin 2 4x
0
lim
4 2
131. (d)
[multiply denominator and numerator with x]
x ( 2 x )3
We get, 2

x 2 sin 5x sin 5x x2 Let x y; y 0

lim . = lim 2
x 0 x sin 2 4x x 0 x sin 2 4x y y y
Rearranging to bring a standard form, we get, tan .(1 cos y ) tan 2sin 2
2 2 2
lim lim
5sin 5x (4x) 2 y 0 ( 2 y )3 y 0 y3
lim . ( 8). .8
x 0 5x 16 sin 2 4x 8
y
5 sin 5x 5
1 tan 2
lim . = 1 2 . sin y / 2 1
2 lim
16 x 0 5x sin 4x 16 y 0 32 y y/2 32
lim
x 0 4x 2
232 LIMITS AND DERIVATIVE

1 cos{2( x 2)} 3
2 sin( x 2) 2 8 h
132. (d) lim lim 136. (d) lim
x 2 x 2 3
x 2 x 2 h 0 2h. 8 h
2 sin( x 2) 8 (8 h) 1
L.H.L = lim 1 lim
2/3
(at x = 2) x 2 ( x 2) h 0 2h. 3
8 h{8 81/3.(8 h)1/3 (8 h) 2/3} 48
2 sin( x 2) sin x x x sin x
R.H.L = lim 1 2 cos .sin
(at x = 2) x 2 ( x 2) 2 2
137. (b)
Thus L.H.L R.H.L x4
(at x = 2) (at x = 2)
sin x x x sin x
1 cos{2( x 2)} sin sin
Hence, lim does not exist. 2 2
x 2 x 2 = lim 2
x 0 sin x x x sin x
2
f x 9 2 2
133. (d) lim =0
x 5 x 5 1 1
× 3
lim [(f (x) ) – 9] = 0 2
lim f (x) = 3 1 x 6
x 5 x 5 2 .3
sin x ( x sin x)
1
tan 2 x 2 tan x 3 x
134. (c) Consider lim
x 0 tan 2 x 4 tan x 3 138. (b)
139. (c) A function f is said to be a rational function, if
tan 2 x 3tan x tan x 3 g (x)
= lim f (x) = , where g (x) and h (x) are polynomials
x 0 tan 2 x 3tan x tan x 3 h (x)
(tan x 1) (tan x 3) tan x 1 such that h (x) 0. Then,
= lim = lim
x 0 (tan x 1) (tan x 3) x 0 tan x 1 lim g (x)
g (x) x a g (a)
Now, at tan x = 3, we have lim f (x) lim
x a x a h (x) lim h (x) h (a)
x a
tan x 1 3 1 4
lim = 2
tan x 3 tan x 1 3 1 2 If h(a) = 0, there are two scenarios - (i) when g (a) 0
and (ii) when g (a) = 0. In case I, the limit does not exist.
3 2
x z (z x) 2 In case II, we can write g (x) = (x – a)k g1(x), where k
135. (b) lim is the maximum of powers of (x – a) in g (x). Similarly,
x 0 3 4
8xz 4x 2 3
8xz h (x) = (x – a)l h1(x) as h(a) = 0. Now, if k > l, then

lim g (x) lim (x a) k g1 (x)

3 2 x a x a
x 2xz x lim f (x)
lim x a lim h (x) lim (x a) l h1 (x)
x 0 (3 x 3
8z 4x 3
8z 3
x )4 x a x a
lim (x a) k 1 g1 (x) 0.g1 (a)
x a
x 4/3 3
2z x 0
lim lim h1 (x) h1 (a)
x 0 x 4/3 [ 3 8z 4x 3
8z ]4 x a

3
If k < l, the limit is not defined.
2z 1
4
2 3 8z 223/3.z