ASSIGNEMENT 01

ENGINEERING SURVEY (CE – 109)

Name: Sadaf Saeed

Roll No: EE – 20309
Sadaf Saeed
EE-20309

Table of Content
The Global Positioning System (GPS)…………………………….….3
1. History……………………………………………………….....3
2. Application of GPS…………………………………………......3
a. Logistics…………………………………….............3
b. Construction………………………………………...4
c. Drone……………………………………………….4
3. Importance of GPS in Surveying………………………………..4
4. Upcoming Technologies………………………………………..5
5. Portable GPS Devices…………………………………………..5
6. Software use for tracking in GPS………………………………..5
7. Download Link…………………………………………………6
8. References………………………………………………………6
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System…………………………....7
1. History of GNSS………………………………………………..7
2. Working Phenomenon………………………………………….7
3. Application of GNSS…………………………………...............8
4. Mass-Market Receivers for cadastral survey…………................8
5. Urban Mapping…………………………………………………8
6. GPSs Devices…………………………………………………...8
a. Future of GPSS…………………………………..…9
7. References………………………………………………………9
Drones (Unarmed Ariel Vehicles)…………………………………...10
1. Application of Drones…………………………………………10
2. Mapping and Surveying……………………………………….10
3. Real Estate Photography………………………………………10
4. Advantages……………………………………………………11
5. Use of Software in Drone Survey……………………………...11
6. Download Link………………………………………………..11
7. References……………………………………………………..11

Page 2 of 10
Sadaf Saeed
EE-20309

THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

The Global Positioning System (GPS)

is a space-based radio navigation
system that consists of a constellation
of satellites that broadcast navigation
signals, as well as a network of ground
stations and satellite control stations
that monitor and regulate the system.
It is a three-segment system it provides
navigation to the user with some
parameters such as time, distance, routes etc. These three segments are
Space segment, Control segment and User segment.

According to surveying GPS is a navigation system use to locate any point on

earth surface with having a reference point set by the user.

HISTORY OF GPS:

In the 1960s, the US navy conducted the first

satellite experiment to track nuclear weapon
submarines. There were six satellites orbiting
around signal catchers, and the experiment
was successful, and they were able to pin
point the positions of submarines. The
phenomenon used in this experiment was
Doppler's effect.

APPLICATION OF GPSS:

LOGISTICS:

In recent years, GPS has seen widespread use in

logistics, including route planning for local and
international trade, vehicle tracking, and
emergency instructions and traffic systems.

Page 3 of 10
Sadaf Saeed
EE-20309

CONSTRUCTION:

In construction, GPS saves time and offers

awareness of space and routes so that machineries
may be fitted as needed. It essentially aids in the
planning and installation of the construction setup.

DRONE:

Drones are now a crucial

tool for transporting
location data as well as
determining the location of
a structure or any civil
project from various
perspectives, such as
superior views and
elevations.

IMPORTANCE OF GPS IN SURVEYING:

Traditional surveying and mapping approaches are

substantially slower than GPS-based data collecting.
A single surveyor can now complete what used to
take a team of surveyor’s weeks to complete. The
exact mapping and modelling of the physical
environment is made possible by GPS. The findings
are shown on maps and in geographic information
systems.

Page 4 of 10
Sadaf Saeed
EE-20309

UPCOMING TECHNOLOGIES:

The GPS III satellites will be launched until around 2025.

Given the critical role GPS plays in the US and global
economy, it appears doubtful that the US government will
terminate GPS anytime soon. On Dec. 23, 2018, the first
launch took place as a payload on board a SpaceX Falcon 9
rocket.

PORTABLE GPS DEVICES:

Portable GPS devices are used to determine location, direction, and size.
Teltonika, Navtelecom, Baltic Car Equipment (BCE), Ruptela, and other
manufacturers make these devices, and the quality is determined by their
memory, signal strengthening power and ability, and battery strength.

SOFTWARE USE FOR TRACING IN GPS:

Portable GPS devices are used to determine location,

direction, and size. Teltonika, Navtelecom, Baltic Car
Equipment (BCE), Ruptela, and other manufacturers
make these devices, and the quality is determined by
their memory, signal strengthening power and ability,
and battery strength.

Page 5 of 10
Sadaf Saeed
EE-20309

DOWNLOAD LINKS:
https://igetintopc.com/expertgps-pro-free-download/
https://igetintopc.com/zoner-photo-studio-x-19-free-download/

REFERENCES:

https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/the-future-of-gps-1907.html
https://www.samsara.com/guides/construction-gps/.
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/policy/GPS_Histor
y.html
https://www.wise-geek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-gps-tracking-
software.htm

GNSS GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM

The term "global navigation satellite system"
(GNSS) refers to any satellite constellation that
delivers worldwide or regional positioning,
navigation, and timing (PNT) services. It is a
satellite-based system provides PNT services all
across the globe involves position navigation and
time as well
History of GNSS:
The GPS United States launched GNSS in 1973. The goal was to improve the
credibility and capability of previous versions of GPS. These days, GNSS is
increasingly popular, and we may find GNSS receivers in our cell phones, cars,
and surveying equipment. These receivers convey signals from satellites
orbiting in space.

Page 6 of 10
Sadaf Saeed
EE-20309

WORKING PHENOMENON:
The GPS system works in such a way that
a signal from a tracking device or location
is sent to the satellite at a specific known
time, after which the signal is sent from the
satellite to the receiver at a known time,
and then further operations are performed
on the basis of time difference. For
example, if we want to calculate the
distance between tracker and receiver, we must first calculate the time
difference between the two times mentioned above, then multiply it by the
speed of light. Trilateration is the term for this phenomenon.
Mathematically it would be;
Time difference =time when signal reach to receiver - time
when signal reach satellite Distance = time difference * speed
of light

APPLICATIONS:

GNSS has all of the applications of GPS, but it also has some additional
features because it is a more advanced technology.

MASS-MARKET RECEIVERS FOR CADASTRAL SURVEYS:

Cadastral surveys have progressed significantly since the introduction of GPS

systems. They are based on the phenomena of RTK (Real Time Kinematics)
and NTRK (Network Real Time Kinematics), which provide greater precision
in work and, more importantly, are based on instruments that are more
affordable than traditional instruments with higher accuracy.

Page 7 of 10
Sadaf Saeed
EE-20309

URBAN MAPPING:

It is a multiple satellite system that gives

additional information, particularly in
mountainous and forest zones, allowing
urban engineers to more efficiently find
towns and cities or areas.
GPSs have a wide range of uses, including telephony, agriculture, mining, and
space stations.

GPSS DEVICES:

Devices are same as of GPS and very common as well

even GPSS is three in our cell phones, laptop, watches
and more.

FUTURE of GPSS:
It is rumoured that in 2025, the United States would launch a GPS 3 satellite
with great credibility and a longer transmission range, allowing us to track
indoor urban regions and basement areas with high accuracy.

REFERENCES:

https://www.trendhunter.com/slideshow/modern-gps-devices
https://www.gpsworld.com/history-of-the-gnss-industry-and-milestones-
ahead/#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20Global%20Positioning,capability
%20(FOC)%20in%201995.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjAAvaBwoxQ

Page 8 of 10
Sadaf Saeed
EE-20309

DRONES; (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)

Unmanned aerial means a vehicle that moves in

the air and does not carry humans, but it does
carry data, which we use for our desired work.
The most common and working device of this
type is the drone, which can cover and enlarge
pictures and provide a top view, which is a
difficult task if sketched manually.

APPLICATIONS OF DRONES:

Drones are widely used because they give greater angles and perspectives than
basic cameras and have higher ranges of vision and a larger frame than simple
cameras.

MAPPING AND SURVEYING:

Drones uses to make geometric diagram

by civil engineers and architects they are
more use full in making 3D modules and
structure of civil projects that give more
accuracy’s shown in picture below

REAL ESTATE PHOTOGRAPHY:

Real estate photography is used in the selling and acquisition of property for
marketing purposes, as well as for capturing photographs of building structures
and producing internal plans of an area by architects.

Page 9 of 10
Sadaf Saeed
EE-20309

ADVANTAGES:

Real estate photography is used in the selling and acquisition of property for
marketing purposes, as well as for capturing photographs of building structures
and producing internal plans of an area by architects.

USE OF SOFTWARE IN DRONE SURVEYS:

Because drones are an essential component for urban and civil design, they may
provide a full map of a huge piece of land by just taking photographs, which are
then processed in software to form modules and figures in 3D and 2D. The
software listed below is used in drone surveys.
▪ DJI TERRA
▪ Global mapper
▪ Trend Spek

▪ Pix4D

▪ Pix4D Mapper

DOWNLOAD LINK:

https://getintopc.com/softwares/development/pix4dmapper-enterprise-free-
download/

REFERENCES:

https://coptrz.com/top-5-drone-mapping-software/
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/how-to-become-real-
estate-photographer

Page 10 of 10