Working of BLDC motor

1) EMF Generation
 The EMF is generated according to Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic induction.
 In a BLDC Motor the EMF produced is known as “Back EMF”.

2) Lorentz Force (torque generation)

 A DC motor works on the principle of Lorentz Law.
 Torque is produced because of the interaction between the magnetic field
generated by the stator coils and the permanent magnets.

3) Modes of Operation
A DC motor operates in two modes – motoring and breaking.

 In motoring operation, it converts electrical energy into the mechanical energy,

which assists its motion.
 In breaking operation, it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, thus
works as a generator and opposes its motion.
 4) Field Orientation Control (FOC)
 The field oriented control consists of controlling the stator currents represented
by a vector. This control is based on projections that transform a three phase
time and speed dependent system into a two coordinate (d and q frame) time
invariant system.
 FOC machines need two constants as input references: the torque component
(aligned with the q coordinate) and the flux component (aligned with d
coordinate).
 The (a, b, c) → (α, β) Projection (Clarke transformation)
 The (α, β) → (d.q) projection (Park transformation)

5) How an Electric Motor starts?

 When DC power is sent through the rotor, it creates a temporary
electromagnetic field that interacts with the permanent magnetic field of the
stator. The commutator's job is to keep the polarity of the field flipping, which
keeps the rotor rotating. This creates the torque needed to produce mechanical
power.

References
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNlSFSgz-Co

https://www.brighthubengineering.com/machine-design/75825-do-you-know-why-electric-motors-generate-
reverse-electromotive-force/
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00885a.pdf

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/four-quadrant-operation-of-dc-motor-motoring-and-breaking-operation

http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/Appnotes/doc32126.pdf

https://www.electrical4u.com/field-oriented-control/