NAME: ANSHIKA RAI

REGISTRATION NUMBER: 21BCE5419

EXPERIMENT: 4
DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 16-03-2022
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 19-04-2022

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

To analyze the common emitter configuration of Transistor.

TOOLS AND APPARATUS:

S. No. Apparatus Quantity

1. DC Source 2(any value)

2. Resistance 1k- 1

3. Transistor 1 NPN (common emitter configuration)

4. Wires Required amount

Software Used: LTSpice

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY AND DESIGN:
SIMULATION:

Input Characteristics:
Output Characteristics:
RESULT:
FROM INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
FOR VCE1 :
V = 0.82 V, I = 164.25 µA and
V = 0.84 V, I = 191.37 µA

So, ΔV = 0.02V and

ΔI = 27.12 µA

FOR CONSTANT Ib = 180 µA,

● VBE1 = 0.826 V
● VBE2= 0.896 V
● VBE3 = 0.919 V
● VBE4 = 0.929 V
● VBE5 = 0.933 V

FROM OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

FOR VCE = 6 V,
1. FOR IB1 = 3.35 mA, IC1 = 3.35 mA
2. FOR IB2 = 14.23 mA, IC2 = 14.21 mA
3. FOR IB3 = 29.25 mA, IC3 = 28.55 mA
4. FOR IB4 = 42.54 mA, IC4 = 41.13 mA
CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES:
Learnings:

1. I learnt about Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) in common emitter (CE)

configuration.

2. I learnt about how the common emitter configuration is used as amplifier in

circuits.

3. Transistors are always operated in the region above knee voltage.

4. I learnt about making of the transistor, the amount of doping and the
thickness of each semiconductor layer.

5. I learnt how to simulate in LTSpice Software and get the Input and Output
characteristics and the different regions of operation of transistor in output
characteristic graph.

Mistakes:
1. I placed the transistor in reverse direction that led to formation of wrong
circuit

2. I took pnp transistor instead of npn transistor.

3. I forgot to connect the resistor to the Voltage supply which gave me an error.

4. I got confused between the two voltage sources and took the wrong one for
input characteristics.

-------------------------------------------------THANKYOU-------------------------------------------------