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Waste Management in Palm Oil Industry (Pengelolaan Limbah Industri Kelapa

Sawit)

Poster · May 2010

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WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PALM OIL INDUSTRY
Ferisman Tindaon1 and Donald Siahaan2
1Nommensen Research Institute,Jl. Sutomo No. 4A, P.O Box 1133, Medan 20234
2 Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute,Jl. Brigjen. Katamso No. 51 Medan 20158

PALM OIL MILL *

* Assume: capasity 30 ton fresh fruit bunch/hour

PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT

EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH Utilization of all EFB & POME as (POME)
COMPOST
(60 ton compost per day)

EFB AS MULCH COMPOSTING LAND APPLICATION

(6-8 weeks, rendement 50%)
(application enough only for 15% of plantation area)

Tecnique Dose Covered Area

(Cm REY) (ha/year)
Flatbed 10 180
Longbed 6 300
Tractor 10 15
Sprinkler 2.5 720
Furrow 15 120
EFB transportation EFB in flatform
POME quality should be: BOD <3500
ppm, oil content < 3000 ppm, pH 6.0

Watering with POME

EFB distribution (1 layer) Give good productivity & quality for
horticultural products due to its:
ADVANTAGES & BENEFIT:
- Capability to improve soil
Per ton EFB equivalent with 3 physically & biologically
kg Urea; 0,6 kg RP; 12 kg MOP; - High Kalium content
and 12 kg kiserit Example: FLATBED SYSTEM

improve chemical & physical ADVANTAGES & BENEFIT:

properties of soil •Improve soil physical properties
Dose: 40 ton EFB/ha + 60% Components value (%) •Enhance aeration, water
Moisture 52
standard dose of Urea and RP Ash 12,6
absorbtion, retention and content
raises productivity 34%. Nitrogen 2.3 •Stimulate root development
Carbon 35 •Increase organic content, pH,
Raises income 25,5% compare C/N ratio
Phosphate
15
0,3 cation exchange capasity of soil
to normal dose of fertilizer Kalium 5.5 •Increase productivity by 19.5%
inclusive transportation and Calcium 1.5
Magnesium 0,9 (land application + fertilizer 50%
distribution cost. pH 9,0 of standard) [flatbed system]
I
perpustakaan Nasionar
RI: Katarog Daram Terbitan
ti(DT)

PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL

DAN RAPAT TAHUNAN
DEKAN
Bidang lrmu-rmu peftanian perguruan
Tinggr Negeri wirayah Barat
(BUIil 3 AGRIBIS\-iS, TEKNOLOGI
PERTANIAN, PETERNAKAN,
KELAUTAN, KEH UT.{ \AN, POSTER) PERIKANAN DAN

Badan penerbitai :akultas pertanian

UNIB, 2010
606 hal,, ukura:.{{

ISBN 978- 602-9 *,:f"-s-g

Tim Pen'.::::a
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 DAFTAR ISI

Kata Pengantar lll

Daftar Isi v

BIIKU 1 MAKALAH UTAMA... I-50

BUKU 2 AGROEKOTEKNOLOGI

Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Tanaman Hortikultura pada Lahan Gamtut Menggunakan Teknologi
Sistem Informasi Geografi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti
Besri Nasrul 5l
Serangga Hama dan Predator pada Pertanaman Kacang Panjang (ltigna sinensis (L.) Savi Ex
Has) di Kota Padang
My Syahrawati dan Munzir Busniah.....-. 59
Changes in Seed Quality of Mung Bean Genolypes with Different Seed Characteristics As
Affected by Incubator Weathering during Maturity Stages
Manvanto... 68
Pemanfaatan Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Selasih Hijau dalam Pengendalian Hama Lalat Buah
(Diptera:Tephritidae) pada Tanaman Cabe
Triani Adam dan Yulia Pujiastuti 74
Biologi Reproduksi Telenornus sp. (H1'menoptera: Scelionidae) pada Telvr Etovclenta ptilchrtm
i ',\'esnr'. ) 1F{erniptera: pentatornidae)
Rosdah Thalib. Arsi, Khodijah, Haperidah l,Itthnilawati, dan Chandra lrsan .............-...-... 78
Keanekaragaman Serangga Penggerek Batang (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) pada Tanaman
Mangga dan Nangka
Ynlia Pujiastuti dan Triani Adam 83
Gulma Berdaun Lebar yang Berkhasiat Obat di Desa Tanjung Seteko Kec. Indralaya Kab. Ogan
Ilir
Yernelis Syaw al ........
87
Perubahan Jenis Gulma dan Hasil Kedelai pada Penggunaan Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Organik
Teguh Achadi 9t
Respon Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus L.) terhadap Pemberian Kalsium pada Kondisi
Stess Air
Sri Rahayu, Lidwina Ninik, dan Sri Sukarmi.
94
Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati dan Mikoriza terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kedelai
(Glicine mar (L) Merr) di Tanah Kambisol
Andi Wijaya dan Firdqus Stiaiman 100
Optimalisasi Pupuk Hayati dan Pupuk N, P terhadap Ketersediaan serta Serapan Hara Tanaman
Kedelai pada Ultisol
)Iargarettha 108
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Cabai (Capsicl,m qnnum L.) dengan Memanfaatkan Bahan Organik
Ampas Gambir dan Kompos Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit di polybag
Endang Darma Setiaty, Susilawati dan Rini Fitra Sari ........,.....-..... ll5
Potensi Allelopati Padi (Oryza sativaL.) terhadap Gulma Jajagoan (Echinochloa cruss-galti (L.)
Beauv.)
Irowati Chaniago dan Jamsqri 121

I
 KEHUTANAN

Pengaruh Mikrob fuzosfer dan Konsentrasi HgCl2 pada Kandungan Merkuri O)'*.*111bunun
Sengon Buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum Griseb)
Wiwik Ekyastuti, Hannq Arturti E., dan l{ormoyanti................ .. I 135
Teknologi Pemanfaatan Jamur Kelas Hypomycetes Sebagai Bio-Kontrol untuk Menghambat
Altifitas Rayap pada Kayu
Yuliati Indrayani ..................... ll42
Karalterisasi Morfologi dan Genetik Tanaman Penghasil Gaharu (Aquilaria spp) Endemik
Sr-rmatra Barat
Gutian........ ll4g
Potensi Trichoderma spp. Isolat Lokal pada Pengendalian Ganoderlnasp. di Pertanam an Acaciq
mangium Umur 6 Bulan
M. Mardhiansyah............ I l5g
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Biomas Mangrove Rhizopora apiculata
Munandar, Sarno, Rujito A. Suwignyo, Zulkifli Dahlon, M. Rasysid Ridho.......... 1166
Penyediaan Bahan Induksi yang Cocok dan Efektif untuk Pembentukan Gubal Gaharu
Abdurrani Muin, Yuliqti Indrayanti, Hanna Artuti E dan Iskandar AM.............. rl75
Kompatibilitas Interaksi Jamur Pathogen, Stressing Agens dengan Tanaman Penghasil Gaharu
(Aquilaria spp) dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Gubal Gaharu
Benni Satriq, Gtntian dan Musliar Kasirn ...-...... I l g0
Perkembangan Struktur Ekosistem Hutan Hasil Rehabilitasi Lahan Bekas Tambang di Tanjung
Enirn Sumatera Selatan
H*t'Stthartoto......._......... 1191
Pqarub Tingi Bibit Bahan dan Tingkat Umur Tanaman Karet terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman
Cehru sebagai Tanaman Sela Karet di Areal PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIII di Kabupaten
Simg
Iskandar dan Abdurrqni Muin ...:................. llgT
POSTER

Analisis Kariotipe Padi (Oryza sativaL.) Generasi M2 Hasil Irradiasi Sinar Gamma
Eva Sartini Bqyu ..........._.. 1203
Pengelolaan Limbah Industri Kelapa Sawit
Ferismqn Tindaon dqn Donald 5iahaan............ l20g
Implementasi Metode Quality Function Deployment (Qfd) Guna Meningkatkan Kualitas Gula
Kristal Putih
Eyqnila Silvia, Marimin, Machfud, M. Zein........ l}ll
Kemampuan Beberapa lsolat Fusarium sp AsalBeragam Inang dalam Menginduksi
Pembentukan Gaharu pada Aquil aria malaccensis (Lamk.)
Mucharromah .............. ................-. l2l7
Respon Ketahanan Pohon Aquilaria malaccensis (Lamk.) terhadap Beberapa Isolat
Fusarium sp Asal Beragam Inang
Mucharromah dan Misnawaty. ...... lZ2Z
Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis quineensis Jacq) di Pembibitan Utama Akibat
PerHaan Konsentrasi dan Frekuensi pemberian pupuk Felengkap cair
Hermansyah, Marlin, dan E. D. 5yafitri...................;. ......... l23Z

,,r,,-,,-, *,llt]l]i,
 l'rosicling sentirata Bicrang
ilntn-rntu pertanion BKs'-1,2,\.
Il-irayah ,g4rat rahun 20r
t). (postER)
PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH
INDUSTRJ I(ELAI'&:SAWIT

Ferisman Tindaon dan Donald

Siahaan
Fakultas pertanian Universitas
HKBP Nommensen
Indonesian Oil palm R.r.u."t
l*t"ir;;"'

-^-,.,--'lo"tri
pengotahan kerapa ,"*,, o*,'ilffiiry,r,u,,
a'grasi ri,gi;,., termasuk p*;;;;san-pada
tantangan
perkembangan
perranian yang'berkeranjuran.
ff#,"-:ilii',ffSll1ap
i"[',J,ffi ',1:[-,1[::ffi[#,tr{;,{,il:,i,,;6,}f
*.ir,"i"i;',ffi
22-23%) sabuk mesoc arp ISf-"i[m:*Xl
120 rrg' rnailu'i'::qty"k
kelapa sawit cair atau pdm zo tg #r-:o kg. rimbah
untuk digunakan sebagai
o1i;i,i;t#;ipoME). r"ar"i*'urr, padfl
inti d;., 670 kg rimbah
t"*p"t"i"ffiir"trrnq
pusar peneritruritaupu-ru*i, secara
efektif memperbaiki kondisi {a.1cair ini mem,iki potensi
telah mengembanskan
*i"r*; g!*r, rrdiltrr6i.palm n.."^."r,
tanah.

berasal dari tandai I:;"0 o"rr"jrj#,*"r,.iri*r.

o'"lIq.*.
r,rrliirtFlopRl)
a**u-n;urun ."*p.oaurcito_po.
j.r;;;:;r:;"rajang/menca.ur, yung
dengan menggunakan B;ffiIlir,r.irrr"
mesin din a*glr-r"o"r irnaur, kosong
dirubah meniadi oorr::_t_",1*, rr"rrp^."T'i"rirr.j atau moder
rumah tertutup akan
agar bahan tandan kosong o*""#ngto*porui s.r;;;Jgkomposan, dirakukan
retap rembab
4lJFtil ;:ffiffii ,hp ;G,;;.;^ili,,0o. ,,,,
penyiraman
arau dijua, ,it'* u,rria"y1
fl{;!'I11,'Jff :li:?n'-:'#{1';:1,:::l,l*r,dari tandan ;;;;;;;;*ikurrura.
kebunsepertiJir."k , pada Tabeldan Tabel 'a.l
kosong ou, e"rg8unu;., uil. di areal

Elemen
I Larbon (C Persentase
,- ,-1. ,
r, Kjd
NIit.^^^- N 35
Nitrogen,
, c/N 2,34
4 E^;-'-
Fosfor, p 15
, Kalium. K 0,31
o Ca 5,53
T _Xalsium,
tvlg
Magneli.um, 1,46
, Air " 0,96
52
Tabel 2..lgrg_qhhan gp-g
dan pensgunakaan Tandan
prbrik K
Kapasitas
r,i, iiiiri,",,i
Jw ,#fflli:. Area, ha/Tahun)***
30
31.200 _
45 a/ d^^
46.800
790
60 62.400 t't7o
1.560
Keterangan: *: Pabri( Ketlpa sawit (PKS)^beroperasi
20iam per hari dan 260
as i t kan i* iTgS, {.; :'
2 0,% Tankos d i i hari per tahun,. *x
;;i; ;o,in ror^r r.ra -
keuntungan dan manfaat
yang diperoleh dari penggunaan
i":l;.t*" randan kosong pada arear
kebun
Memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah
I2. Memperbaiki
,rnJ,;.*pun, rerensi dan kandungan
1e1asi
Merangsang perkembaffi air
;
4' "d;;;",,
sffi Meningkatkan kandungJr
o;* ;;;;,]., pH,.Kapasitas pertukaran
kation ranah
*t?JiltffiJig,#';;iil:riiffi'ff;1ff .?:rr"0"r"r,",a",!ul'o.n**nuu,

1208 | Ferisman Tindaon dan Donalcl

siahaan. pengeloraan Limbah
Industri Kelapa sa.ntit
 Ptosiding semirara Bidang
llmu'Ilmu Pertanian BKS-pIiv
Barar Tahun 20t 0. (pos,ER)
Jika dihitune maka per ton ^w'ilayah
3 kg urea' 0'6 kiRock prr"tprrrl", kg ) tandan kosong yang aiueritarr kg Iehan
000 (I
ro^Fr d* lt6i:;.",.l,.. dengan ,o;;;.;.,
dcngarr dosis 40lon runr.orz"#;;il,iu*i M,on pemberian rangsung
ke lahan
sebesar 34%o' Peninpkatan
i.o"rr.;^-ri;;;"rr,*J,_ d*
,n"ningkatk# f.torr,iui,u,
pendapatan dicap;;sebesar
zs,s;rr-iii*iibandingkan dengan
i,'ffr?jffip..,,p",r.un
iJir.r#; ,,,"i.11;-;#;iiir'i iosis normal
;.I!,,g*,,un dan biaya penyebaran
Tabel 3. Manfaat Penggunaan Tankos
lviulsa atau Kompos dengan
(Pencacahan dan tanpa perlakuan
Jenis Keuntungan
Kekurangan
Tankos
o Biaya rendah
o Tingginya
|/olume Au, noUot
pengangkutan
*fruai UlOui
o Kesulitan dalam penanganan
terutama untuk
perkebunan besar
o Hama dan penyakit
(Ganoderma, etc)
o Masalah dalam
distribusi
Tankos di o Degradasi butuh
r waktu yang lama
Homogen/Seragam o Biaya tinggi
cacah/rajang
o Penanganan
o Transportasi
o Pengaturan dalam
o Kesulitan dalam penanganan
distribusi terutama untuk
perkebunan besar
o Mekanisasi . penyakit (Ganoderma, etc)
I-u*1dan
o Masalah dalam distribusi
Kompos ticlak di o Degradasi butuh
c Biaya rendah waktu yang lama
idajang o Tidak homogen
r Volume dan bobot o Hama dan penyakit
menurun 10_50% (Ganoderma, etc)

Kompos telah rVolume dan bobot o Biaya tinggi

dirajang/dicacah
menurun 1A_50%
o Homogen
o Mudah penanganannya
o Drjual ke pasar
o Distribusi dapat
diatur
r Digunakan sebagai substrat
media tanam

K:*p9: vang berasl dari residu qabrik -i'#-Y*rfl:rrp1g

sebagai bahan pemeno:.]t+, .JG;;;,ff.* bahan organic arami yang
untuk budidaya tanaman hortikurrur
cocok
;!iu*r,
fiil:",:J,ff, fitr'#i$"H:#f
meningkaikan ketersediaan
haran di daram
Penggunaan limbah ini (s.ebagai *rrru, torpo.s atau limbah
m i a tanah'.r,i,e-e, ffi;.ililfilo,nun k;6; cair) akan memperbaiki
;#,?k", men gh em at
sifat fisi(
i:HflJ?:f b iaya

American Parm
,"il'.,*^,f::::i':-T#t'ffio**," parm oir
http ://wwvy. americanpalmoi
t.. oJ.urtuinabl e-nutri ent.html Practices

"*"['#gT#ff!["#r* di Pabrik su*it. prrut penelitian

Kelapa sawit. Medan, Tabloid
Sinar

Ferisman Tindaon dan Donard

siahaan. pengeroraan Limbah
Indusrri Kerapa smtit I r20g
Prosiding Semirata Bidang Ilmu-llmu Pertanian BKS-PTN lVilayah Barat Tahun 2010. (POSTER)

Damoko Z. Poeloengan &I Anas, 1993. Pembuatan pupuk organic dari tarrdaai,kbsong.kelapa sawiL
Bulletin Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 2: 89-99 . _;t .
. -::l:*. i:

Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, 2007. Hasil penelitian Tanah dan Agronomi Tahun 2007. Aplilosi
Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit di Lahan Perkebuanan Kelapa Sawit. Bukit Sentang Langka
Sumatera Utara.
Widiastuti dan Tri Panji,2007. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sisa jamur merang (Volvariella
volvacea) sebagai pupuk organic pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Menara Perkebunaq 2007,75
(2):70-79

I
s

b
tr
k

P
u
p
m
pr
p(
d
di
pe
ke

1210 | Ferisman Tindaon dan Donald Siahaan. Pengelolaan Limbah Industri Kelapa Savit
 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PALM OIL INDUSTRY
Ferisman Tindaon1) and Donald Siahaan 2)
1).
Nommensen Research Institute. Jl. Sutomo No. 4 A Medan, Indonesia 20234
2).
Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute. Jl. Brigjen Katamso No. 51 Medan, 20158

Introduction

Oil palm industry in Indonesia is facing chalenges with growing concern on

environmental degradation as well as sustainable development in agriculture.
In the process of extraction crude palm oil (CPO) from 1000 kg palm fresh fruit
bunches will be produced 220 kg empty fruit bunches (EFB, 22-23 %), 120 kg
mesocarp fibre, 70 kg endocarp and 30 kg palm kernel cake as solid wastes, and
670 kg fluid waste as palm oil mill effluent (POME). These both wastes have a
potential usage as compost (fertilizer) or mulch to improve soil conditions
effectively.

Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI) have developed a minimum waste
concept in palm oil processing which incorporate the production of compost from
empty fruit bunches. In this process, compost is produced by chopping EFB to small
pieces by a chopping machine then formed into heap in open air or roofed area for
composting. During the composting process POME was use for watering to keep the
EFB wet and after 6 to 8 weeks the compost is ready to use. This high quality
compost can be returned to plantation area or to be sold for horticulture farm.

Elements content of EFB Compost:

 C : 35 %
 Nkj : 2,34 %
 C/N : 15
 P : 0,31 %
 K : 5,53 %
 Ca : 1,46 %
 Mg : 0,96 %
 Water : 52 %

Paper Poster Semirata Bengkulu in English Page 1

Table 1 : Empty Fruit Bunch in CPO Extraction and Land Application

POM Capacity EFB Land Application as Mulch

(ton FFB/hour)* (ton/th)** (Covered Area, ha/year)***

30 31.200 780
45 46.800 1.170
60 62.400 1.560
* = Palm Oil Mill operated in 20 hour per day and 260 days per year
** = 20% EFB produced from FFB
*** = dose40 ton EFB/ha

ADVANTAGES & BENEFIT:

• Improve soil physical properties
• Enhance aeration, water absorption, retention and content
• Stimulate root development
• Increase organic content, pH, cation exchange capacity of soil
• Increase productivity by 19.5% (land application + 50 % recommended
fertilizer in flatbed system)

ADVANTAGES & BENEFIT:

1. Per ton EFB equivalent with 3 kg Urea; 0,6 kg RP; 12 kg MOP; and 12 kg
kieserite
2. Dose: 40 ton EFB/ha + 60% standard dose of Urea and RP raises productivity
34%.
3. Raises income 25,5% compare to normal dose of fertilizer inclusive
transportation and distribution cost.

Paper Poster Semirata Bengkulu in English Page 2

Tabel 2. Advantages of EFB as Mulch or Compost with and without chopping
treatment
Type Advantages Disadvantages
EFB • low cost • High Volume and Weight in
transportation
• Difficulty in handling especially
in a big plantation
• Pest and deseases
(Ganoderma, etc)
• Problem in distribution
• Degradation

Chopped • Homogen • High cost

EFB • Handling • transportation
• Regulated in distribution • Difficulty in handling especially
• Mechanization in a big plantation
• Pest and deseases
(Ganoderma, etc)
• Problem in distribution
• Degradation
Unchopped • Low cost • Not homogen
EFB • Decrease volume and weight up to • Pest and deseases
Compost 10-50% (Ganoderma, etc)
Chopped • Decrease volume and weight up to • High cost
EFB 10-50%
Compost • Homogen
• Easy to handle
• Selling product (market)
• Regulated distribution
• Plant growth Subsrate/media

The application of these wastes (mulch, compost and POME) on farm has several
advantages :
 High Content on Potassium
 Improve physical, biological and chemical characteristics of soil.
 Oil palm industry will save the fertilizer utilization. (1 ton EFB = 3 kg Urea, 0,6
kg Rockphosphate, 12 kg MOP and 12 kg Kieserite)
 Increase crop production around 15% up to 30%
 Save the fertilizer utilization around 45 % .

Paper Poster Semirata Bengkulu in English Page 3

Conclusions:
• Compost from oil palm residues is a purely natural organic material, it would
be ideal soil conditioner and fertilizer for oil palm and horticulture farm.
• Compost which produced from EFB could increase nutrient availability in soil ,
soil Cation Exchange Capacity and soil pH effectively.
• The application of these wastes (mulch, compost and POME) will Improve
physical, biological and chemical characteristics of soil and , oil palm industry
will save the fertilizer utilization

References:
1. American Palm Oil Council, 2004. Sustainable Palm Oil Practices
http://www.americanpalmoil.com/sustainable-nutrient.html
2. Darnoko, 2006. Pabrik Kompos di Pabrik Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa
Sawit. Medan, Tabloid Sinar Tani 9 Agustus 2006
3. Darnoko Z. Poeloengan & I Anas, 1993. Pembuatan pupuk organic dari
tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Bulletin Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 2: 89-99
4. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, 2007. Hasil Penelitian Tanah dan Agronomi
Tahun 2007. Aplikasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit di Lahan Perkebuanan
Kelapa Sawit. Bukit Sentang Langkat Sumatera Utara.
5. Widiastuti dan Tri Panji, 2007. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sisa
jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea) sebagai pupuk organic pada pembibitan
kelapa sawit. Menara Perkebunan, 2007, 75 (2): 70-79

Paper Poster Semirata Bengkulu in English Page 4

 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PALM OIL INDUSTRY
Ferisman Tindaon1) and Donald Siahaan 2)
1).
Nommensen Research Institute. Jl. Sutomo No. 4 A Medan, Indonesia 20234
2).
Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute. Jl. Brigjen Katamso No. 51 Medan, 20158

Introduction

Oil palm industry in Indonesia is facing chalenges with growing concern on

environmental degradation as well as sustainable development in agriculture.
In the process of extraction crude palm oil (CPO) from 1000 kg palm fresh fruit
bunches will be produced 220 kg empty fruit bunches (EFB, 22-23 %), 120 kg
mesocarp fibre, 70 kg endocarp and 30 kg palm kernel cake as solid wastes, and
670 kg fluid waste as palm oil mill effluent (POME). These both wastes have a
potential usage as compost (fertilizer) or mulch to improve soil conditions
effectively.

Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI) have developed a minimum waste
concept in palm oil processing which incorporate the production of compost from
empty fruit bunches. In this process, compost is produced by chopping EFB to small
pieces by a chopping machine then formed into heap in open air or roofed area for
composting. During the composting process POME was use for watering to keep the
EFB wet and after 6 to 8 weeks the compost is ready to use. This high quality
compost can be returned to plantation area or to be sold for horticulture farm.

Elements content of EFB Compost:

 C : 35 %
 Nkj : 2,34 %
 C/N : 15
 P : 0,31 %
 K : 5,53 %
 Ca : 1,46 %
 Mg : 0,96 %
 Water : 52 %

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Table 1 : Empty Fruit Bunch in CPO Extraction and Land Application

POM Capacity EFB Land Application as Mulch

(ton FFB/hour)* (ton/th)** (Covered Area, ha/year)***

30 31.200 780
45 46.800 1.170
60 62.400 1.560
* = Palm Oil Mill operated in 20 hour per day and 260 days per year
** = 20% EFB produced from FFB
*** = dose40 ton EFB/ha

ADVANTAGES & BENEFIT:

• Improve soil physical properties
• Enhance aeration, water absorption, retention and content
• Stimulate root development
• Increase organic content, pH, cation exchange capacity of soil
• Increase productivity by 19.5% (land application + 50 % recommended
fertilizer in flatbed system)

ADVANTAGES & BENEFIT:

1. Per ton EFB equivalent with 3 kg Urea; 0,6 kg RP; 12 kg MOP; and 12 kg
kieserite
2. Dose: 40 ton EFB/ha + 60% standard dose of Urea and RP raises productivity
34%.
3. Raises income 25,5% compare to normal dose of fertilizer inclusive
transportation and distribution cost.

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Tabel 2. Advantages of EFB as Mulch or Compost with and without chopping
treatment
Type Advantages Disadvantages
EFB • low cost • High Volume and Weight in
transportation
• Difficulty in handling especially
in a big plantation
• Pest and deseases
(Ganoderma, etc)
• Problem in distribution
• Degradation

Chopped • Homogen • High cost

EFB • Handling • transportation
• Regulated in distribution • Difficulty in handling especially
• Mechanization in a big plantation
• Pest and deseases
(Ganoderma, etc)
• Problem in distribution
• Degradation
Unchopped • Low cost • Not homogen
EFB • Decrease volume and weight up to • Pest and deseases
Compost 10-50% (Ganoderma, etc)
Chopped • Decrease volume and weight up to • High cost
EFB 10-50%
Compost • Homogen
• Easy to handle
• Selling product (market)
• Regulated distribution
• Plant growth Subsrate/media

The application of these wastes (mulch, compost and POME) on farm has several
advantages :
 High Content on Potassium
 Improve physical, biological and chemical characteristics of soil.
 Oil palm industry will save the fertilizer utilization. (1 ton EFB = 3 kg Urea, 0,6
kg Rockphosphate, 12 kg MOP and 12 kg Kieserite)
 Increase crop production around 15% up to 30%
 Save the fertilizer utilization around 45 % .

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 Conclusions:
• Compost from oil palm residues is a purely natural organic material, it would
be ideal soil conditioner and fertilizer for oil palm and horticulture farm.
• Compost which produced from EFB could increase nutrient availability in soil ,
soil Cation Exchange Capacity and soil pH effectively.
• The application of these wastes (mulch, compost and POME) will Improve
physical, biological and chemical characteristics of soil and , oil palm industry
will save the fertilizer utilization

References:
1. American Palm Oil Council, 2004. Sustainable Palm Oil Practices
http://www.americanpalmoil.com/sustainable-nutrient.html
2. Darnoko, 2006. Pabrik Kompos di Pabrik Sawit. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa
Sawit. Medan, Tabloid Sinar Tani 9 Agustus 2006
3. Darnoko Z. Poeloengan & I Anas, 1993. Pembuatan pupuk organic dari
tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Bulletin Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 2: 89-99
4. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, 2007. Hasil Penelitian Tanah dan Agronomi
Tahun 2007. Aplikasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit di Lahan Perkebuanan
Kelapa Sawit. Bukit Sentang Langkat Sumatera Utara.
5. Widiastuti dan Tri Panji, 2007. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sisa
jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea) sebagai pupuk organic pada pembibitan
kelapa sawit. Menara Perkebunan, 2007, 75 (2): 70-79

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