4.

Buck Converter

Circuit and its paramaters:

0
PARAMETERS:
Fs = 100k
D = 0.4
D2
Dideal
V
L
100uH
IC = 2.4
R1
2
V2
TD = 0
TF = 10n
PW = {D/Fs}
PER = {1/Fs}
V1 = 0
TR = 10n
V2 = 15
V1
12Vdc
Q1
MOSFET
C
200u
IC = 4.8
out
I


Basic Formula:
D
V
V
g
o
=
s g
I I =
L o
I I =
L D
I D I ) 1 ( =
L s
DI I =


Pspice simulation:
(The whole scenario)



Calculation:


Circuit Parameters:
V
g
12 := D 0.4 := L 100 10
6
:= C 200 10
6
:= f 100 10
3
:= R 2 :=
V
o
D V
g
:= V
o
4.8 =




i
cmin
0.144 = i
cmin
i
Lmin
I
o
:=
i
c
i
Lmin
I
o

i
Lmax
I
o

i
Lmax
I
o

i
Lmin
I
o

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:=
i
cmax
0.144 = i
cmax
i
Lmax
I
o
:=
i
L
i
Lmin
i
Lmax
i
Lmax
i
Lmin
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:=
i
D
0
0
i
Lmax
i
Lmin
|

\
|
.
:= i
s
i
Lmin
i
Lmax
0
0
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
.
:= V
L
V
g
V
o

V
g
V
o

V
o

V
o

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:= t
0
D T
D T
T
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
.
:=
The waveforms are a piecewise linear. Collect numbers for plotting.
i
Lmax
2.544 =
i
Lmax
I
L
i
L
2
+ :=
i
Lmin
2.256 = i
Lmin
I
L
i
L
2
:=
I
L
2.4 = I
L
I
o
:= I
o
2.4 =
I
o
V
o
R
:=
i
L
0.288 = i
L
1
L
V
g
V
o

( )
D T := T
1
f
:=
V
L
t ( ) V
g
V
o

( )
0 t < D T < if
V
o

( )
otherwise
:=








Due to ideal components (switch, diode, L and C) that we assume, the circuit is lossless, the
efficiency is 100% and as such Pg = Po.
P
o
11.52 = P
o
V
o
I
o
:= P
g
11.52 = P
g
V
g
I
g
:=
V
o
4.8 = I
o
2.4 = V
g
12 = I
g
0.96 = I
g
I
s
:=
v
o
1.8 10
3
= v
o
1
C
1
2

T
2

i
L
2
:=
0 5
.
10
6
1
.
10
5
0.2
0.13
0.067
0.067
0.13
0.2
Capacitor current
i
c
t
I
D
1.44 = I
D
1 D ( ) I
L
:= I
s
0.96 = I
s
D I
L
:=
0 5
.
10
6
1
.
10
5
1
2
3
4
Diode current
i
D
t
0 5
.
10
6
1
.
10
5
1
2
3
4
Switch current
i
s
t
0 2.5
.
10
6
5
.
10
6
7.5
.
10
6
1
.
10
5
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Inductor Current
i
L
t
0 5
.
10
6
1
.
10
5
5
2.5
2.5
5
7.5
10
Inductor Voltage
V
L
t


i
L
8 =
i
L2
i
Lmin
i
Lmax
i
Lmax
i
Lmin
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:=
L
min
1
i
L
V
g
D T :=
i
L
1
L
V
g
D T L
min
6 10
6
=
Case III: R, L, and the other circuit parameters are kept constant, f is varied
R 2 :=
I
o
V
o
R
:= I
o
2.4 = I
L
I
o
1 D
:= I
L3
I
L
:= I
L3
4 =
i
Lmin
0 := i
Lmax
2 I
L
:= i
Lmax
8 = i
L
i
Lmax
:= i
Lmax
8 =
i
L
8 =
f
min
1
i
L
V
g
V
o

( )
D
1
L
:=
i
L
1
L
V
g
V
o

( )
D
1
f

f
min
3.6 10
3
=
DCM/CCM Boundary
Case I: L, f, and the other circuit parameters are kept constant, R is varied
i
Lmin
0 := i
Lmax
i
L
:=
I
L
i
L
2
:= I
L1
I
L
:= I
omin
1 D ( ) I
L
:=
I
omin
0.086 =
i
L1
i
Lmin
i
Lmax
i
Lmax
i
Lmin
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:=
R
max
V
o
I
omin
:= R
max
55.556 =
Case II: R, f, and the other circuit parameters are kept constant, L is varied
R 2 :=
I
o
V
o
R
:= I
o
2.4 = I
L
I
o
1 D
:= I
L
4 =
i
Lmin
0 := i
Lmax
2 I
L
:= i
Lmax
8 = i
L
i
Lmax
:= i
Lmax
8 =

Collect numbers for plotting
t1
0
D
f
min
D
f
min
1
f
min
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:= i
L3
i
Lmin
i
Lmax
i
Lmax
i
Lmin
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:= I
L3
I
L3
I
L3
I
L3
I
L3
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:= I
L2
I
L3
:=
I
L1
I
L1
I
L1
I
L1
I
L1
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:=
T
max
1
f
min
:= T
max
2.778 10
4
=
Waveforms iL and IL:
0 5
.
10
6
1
.
10
5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Case I
i
L1
I
L1
t
0 5
.
10
6
1
.
10
5
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
Case II
i
L2
I
L2
t
0 1
.
10
4
2
.
10
4
3
.
10
4
0
5
10
Case III
i
L3
I
L3
t1









-tammat-