202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008-B - Piping Stres Calculation

T.
EN NUMBER
Revision Page
Project № Unit Number Document Type Mat./Work Code Serial Number
B 1/32
202517C 0000 JSD 1300 008
ETI BAKIR
ISSUED FOR REVIEW
JOB SPECIFICATION FOR DESIGN

PIPING STRESS CALCULATION
Jaume Morales- Andrea Di-Perna

Llobet
Juan-Francisco Llosa-Arnal 2022.09.05
2022.09.01 16:05:16 +02'00' 2022.09.01 16:20:41
+02'00' 15:28:24+02'00'
B 01.09.2022 IFD – Issued for Design J.LLOSA J.MORALES A. DI PERNA

A 19.04.2022 IFR - Issued for Review I.COLLADO J.MORALES A DI PERNA
REV. DATE ISSUE PURPOSE WRITTEN BY: CHECKED BY: APPROVED BY:
REVISIONS OF THE DOCUMENT
This document and the information it contains are property of Technip Iberia S.A.U, company owned by T.EN. It shall not be used for any
purpose other than those for which it was supplied. Copyright T.EN– All rights reserved.
SP 01.E - Rev.8 – Mar. 2021 CONFIDENTIAL – Not to disclose without authorization
T.EN NUMBER Revision Page
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 2/32
Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation
HOLD LIST
HOLD N° SECTION DESCRIPTION
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 3/32
HISTORICAL REVISION CHANGE DETAILS
LOCATION OF
REV. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE
CHANGE
B Page 6 To include a note indicating that the latest edition of each design code will be used.
B Page 9 Update the section number.
B Page 10 Update the section number.
B Page 13 Update the Calculation Axes.
B Page 14 Update the General Units Table.
B Page 18 To include the seismic acceleration values to be used in the stress calculations
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 4/32
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX
1. PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT ................................................................................................................ 6

1.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ....................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Order of Precedence .................................................................................................................................. 8
2. EXTENT OF ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Selection Criteria of Analysis.................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Checking Level Definition ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Critical line list .......................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.2 Level 3: Detailed Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.3 Level 2: Simplified analysis..................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.4 Level 1: visual analysis ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.3 Calculation report (Level 3) ..................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 GRP Piping Stress Analysis .................................................................................................................... 12
3. DESIGN PROCEDURE .............................................................................................................................. 12
3.1 Record file procedures ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.2 Calculation Note Document Numbering ................................................................................................ 13
3.3 Calculation AxEs ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3.4 General units............................................................................................................................................. 14
4. Design Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 14
4.1 Scope of piping stress analysis.............................................................................................................. 14
4.2 Design Conditions and Allowable Stresses .......................................................................................... 15
4.2.1 Environmental data .................................................................................................................................. 15
4.2.2 Loads components to be considered..................................................................................................... 18
4.2.3 Piping flexibility temperature .................................................................................................................. 19
4.2.4 Slug flow .................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.5 Surge conditions ...................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.6 Relief valve reaction effect ...................................................................................................................... 20
4.2.7 Rupture disk.............................................................................................................................................. 20
4.2.8 Water hammer........................................................................................................................................... 20
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4.2.9 On/Off valves ............................................................................................................................................ 21

5. STRESS ANALYSIS OF PIPING SYSTEMS ............................................................................................ 21
5.1 Allowable Stresses ................................................................................................................................... 21
5.1.1 Longitudinal Stresses .............................................................................................................................. 21
5.1.2 Verification of Sustained Permanent Loads .......................................................................................... 22
5.1.3 Verification of Sustained Occasional Loads ......................................................................................... 22
5.1.4 Test Condition Verification ...................................................................................................................... 23
5.1.5 Verification of Stress Range ................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Flexibility Stresses and Deformations ................................................................................................... 24
5.2.1 Calculation Conditions ............................................................................................................................ 24
5.2.2 Analysis limits .......................................................................................................................................... 26
5.2.3 Decoupling criteria ................................................................................................................................... 26
5.2.4 Coefficient of friction ............................................................................................................................... 26
5.2.5 Vertical deflection..................................................................................................................................... 27
5.2.6 Settlement Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 27
5.2.7 External loads on flanged joints ............................................................................................................. 27
5.3 Piping Supports ........................................................................................................................................ 28
5.3.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
5.3.2 Piping loads on support .......................................................................................................................... 28
5.3.3 Piping loads on civil structure ................................................................................................................ 29
5.3.4 Spring Hangers ......................................................................................................................................... 29
5.4 Pipe Flanges ............................................................................................................................................. 29
6. Equipment Reaction Verification ............................................................................................................ 30
6.1 Rotating equipment .................................................................................................................................. 30
6.1.1 Centrifugal Pumps.................................................................................................................................... 30
6.1.2 Reciprocating Pumps............................................................................................................................... 31
6.2 Pressure Vessels & Heat Exchangers (PV&HE) .................................................................................... 31
6.3 Tanks ......................................................................................................................................................... 31
6.4 Other static equipment ............................................................................................................................ 31
7. EXPANSION JOINTS ................................................................................................................................ 31
8. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................ 32
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1. PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT

This Job Specification covers general requirements for Piping Stress Analysis applicable to the Project Nº
202517C – ETI BAKIR New Phosphoric acid plant . The Site is located in Samsun, Turkey.
This Job Specification contains the general design criteria as well as the technical requirements for Piping Stress
Analysis. Ducts design and flexibility are excluded from this specification.
There are covered critical and non-critical lines, piping flexibilities, code requirements, loading conditions,
allowable loads on equipment, acceptance criteria, supports, environmental factors and piping restraints.
Preliminary calculations will be carried out by T.EN to define the IFD routing. Detailed final stress calculations
will be carried out by ETI BAKIR / Mechanical Contractor.
1.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

The latest edition of the following codes and standards shall be applied:
DOCUMENT DOCUMENT TITLE

REFERENCE
ASME B31.3 Process Piping
ASME Section VIII ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

EJMA Standard of the expansion joint manufacturers association
API STANDARD 610 Centrifugal pumps for general refinery services
API STANDARD 650 Welded steel tanks for oil storage

API STANDARD 674 Positive Displacement Pumps - Reciprocating
WRC 107/297 Local stresses in cylindrical shells due to external loadings on
nozzles
1.2 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Unless stated otherwise, words in capital letters have the same meaning as in the CONTRACT. The following
terms used in this document have the definition defined in table below:
TERM DEFINITION
LICENSOR TECHNIP ENERGIES
COMPANY ETI BAKIR
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 7/32
The following abbreviations used in this document have the meaning defined in table below:
ABBREVIATION MEANING
VENDOR Manufacturer and/ or supplier of equipment or material

NOTIFY BODY (NB) Independent third party entity appointed by a Member State and
notified to the other Member States. The Notify body is chosen
by the Manufacturer of the pressure equipment.
SHALL Given specifications, standards, data, etc. are mandatory.
SHOULD Given specifications, standards, data, etc. are preferred, but not
mandatory; equivalents may be used if approved by COMPANY.
The following specifications shall be used in conjunction with this document.
For environmental conditions, design and mechanical conditions the following listed specifications shall be used
in conjunction with this specification:
202517C-000-CN-0007-0001 Basis of Design
Inside Piping & Installation discipline the following must be followed:

202517C -0000-JSD-1300-001 JSD Equipment Layout and Piping Design
202517C -0000-JSD-1300-021 Piping Class Summary
202517C -0000-JSD-1300-022 Piping Class Detailed
202517C -0000-JSD-2200-001 JSD Hot and Cold Insulation
202517C -0000-JSD-1300-010 JSD Piping Supports
Other specifications to be followed as reference:

202517C -0000-JSD-0900-001 JSD Rotating Equipment
202517C -0000-JSD-0400-001 JSD Static Equipment
202517C -0000-JSD-4100-001 JSD General Mechanical Specification
202517C -0000-JSD-1700-001 JSD Structural Design Specification
202517C -0000-NM-0002-001 Process/Utility/Interface Piping Line List
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 8/32
1.3 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

In case of conflict between codes, rules, specifications and standards the following order of precedence
shall be considered:
 National codes and standards referenced into this specification

 This specification and other Technip Energies specifications
 Owner’s specification referenced into this specification
 Supplier’s specifications
 Industrial association standards referenced into this specification
Any conflict between the above documents shall be brought to the COMPANY’s attention and a written
clarification shall be obtained before proceeding to the manufacture or to any work.
2. EXTENT OF ANALYSIS
All plant lines (DN> 50mm) shall be submitted to stress analysis to comply with this Job Specification.
A study shall be performed to determine the degree of criticality of piping systems and thus to establish
the accuracy of the calculation methods to be adopted for verifying piping system reliability and safety.
The piping stress leader has the full responsibility to adapt the adequacy calculation level in function of
the pipes diameter, the pipes materials, the design conditions, the connected equipment typology, the
fluids characteristics, the supports typologies, the load cases involved, the location and the layout
configurations.
The Piping stress analyst defines the degree of criticality of a pipeline base on the following
documentations and criteria:
 Process and Instrument Diagram (P&ID)
 Process Datasheet (PDS)
 The Process Line List
 Equipment list
 Equipment vendor drawing (when available)
 The criteria established in paragraph 2.1
On such bases the analyst will establish the accuracy of the calculation method to be used when verifying
the piping systems flexibility requirements.
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2.1 SELECTION CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

The Flexibility Check Level shall be defined for each line in accordance to TABLE 1
Table 1: Critical line list criteria
FAT: FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS TEMPERATURE (°C) (Note 9)
PIPING LINE TYPE Amb Tref: 20°C
PIPE SIZE (INCHES)
CONNECTION TYPE (Note 9)
FAT (°C)
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
400
Non-fragile equipment and/or 300 Level 2 Level 3

low movements (<600#)
A
Carbon steel 200
(Note 7)
100 Level 1
0
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
400
Non-fragile equipment and/or 300 Level 3

low movements (<600#)
B
Stainless steel 200
Level 1 Level 2
(Note 7) - (Note 10)
100
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
Below
-29°C
Level 2 Level 3
CS
Carbon steel at
C low temperature
(note 8) 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
Below
-45°C
LTCS
Level 2 Level 3
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
Rotating machines 400
Plate exchangers
300
D Cold boxes - Air cooler Level 3
200
Turbine -Furnace
100
(Note 10) Level 1 Level 2
0
l
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
E Expansion joint Level 3 FOR ALL DIA.

ALL
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
400
Flare lines (to and from PSV 300
F and bursting disc). Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
200
(Note 7) - (Note 10)
100
0
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
Non ferrous alloy Level 3

G 60
(Note 10)
Level 1 Level 2
0
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
H GRE (note 6) 100

Level 1 Level 3
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 > 28"
For pipe specification
I Level 2 Level 3
ALL
with flange rating ? 600#

>=
2.2
(*) Checking level 1, 2, 3 accordig to Section 3.15.1.1.
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 10/32
Notes:
1. This diagram does not exempt Contractor from making any necessary computer piping stress
calculations when assessed as necessary, including any other line with severe or particular
condition that merits the attention of the stress analyst.
2. Pressurized lines subject to surge or slug flow shall be investigated by the stress analyst to define
the calculation criteria.
3. Lines with Ф > DN900 shall be reviewed by the stress analysis for special support requirements.
4. The most stringent requirement shall be applied for every line that may be considered as
pertaining to several connection types simultaneously.
5. Pipe size corresponds to the line diameter and not to the equipment nozzle diameter.
6. Valid for internal analysis. The GRP subcontractor/supplier shall be responsible to produce all
piping stress calculations that he will assess as necessary (see section 2.4)
7. Level 2 analysis is required for all lines with Ф ≥ DN100 and subjected to large movements
(structural deflections or differential settlements and/or thermal expansion of headers and
equipment). It can be a partial analysis (local stress or load calculation).
8. Carbon steel (CS) or Low Temperature Carbon Steel (LTCS) used beyond the minimum
temperature for which the material is normally suitable without impact testing other than that
required by the material specification.
9. The Flexibility Analysis Temperatures (FAT = TP – TREF) have to be understood as ranges. So in
case of temperature of reference different of +15°C, the FAT of this table have to be adapted.
10. Temperature to be considered as +/- (to be understood as ranges).
Piping systems are analyzed by simplified, approximate or detailed methods appropriate for the
specific case according to the checking level definition.
Considering routing, support configuration, fittings, fluid type, etc... stress leader has the choice to
decrease / increase the level definition of lines.
2.2 CHECKING LEVEL DEFINITION
2.2.1 CRITICAL LINE LIST

All critical lines shall be listed in the critical line list.
The critical line list shall include the following minimum information:
 Line number
 Critical level (1, 2 or 3)
 Calculation Note number
Computer software used for Stress analysis is CAESAR II v.12
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Piping systems are analysed by visual, simplified or detailed methods appropriate for the specific case
according to the following checking level definition:
2.2.2 LEVEL 3: DETAILED ANALYSIS

Detailed analysis by computer program shall be carried out to meet the requirements of the piping codes.
A Calculation Stress Report will be issued.
2.2.3 LEVEL 2: SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS

A simplified study performed by a Stress Analyst shall be based on calculations by computer program in
conservative configuration. For Level 2 lines the analysis could be considered only for the more critical
section of all the arrangement or line, e.g: the study of the section nearest of a pump nozzle up to an
anchor point, supporting the rest as is considered with Level 1 pipe lines.
It should be noted that, after a Stress Analysis Engineer evaluation of their actual routing, level 2 lines
can be downgraded to level 1.
For this typology of analysis, no CN report will be issued.
2.2.4 LEVEL 1: VISUAL ANALYSIS

The piping lines are routed by Piping Designers and Supported by Support Specialists according to piping
code requirement.
No stress analysis, neither documentation are formally issued.
2.3 CALCULATION REPORT (LEVEL 3)

The calculation report shall include the following minimum information:
 Reference and assumptions
 Basic design data and conditions
 Isometric layout of the complete piping system being analysed
 Supports position and types
 Anchors position and displacements
 Load cases and calculated member stresses
 Forces and moments at supports and on equipment nozzles for all load cases
 Additional requirements for acceptance (e.g.: reinforcing pad)
 Equipment DW’s
 Nozzle validation for nozzles with upper loads than admissible loads.
 PID
 Conclusions.
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2.4 GRP PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS

The object of the analysis of GRP piping lines performed by stress department is only to confirm the layout
proposed by the draft team during the preliminary studies. The analysis is an internal document and will
be performed by visual method or computer checking. The pipe properties, allowable stress values and
supports span shall be as per the manufacturer’s data and applicable codes and standards.
The final and official report (Calculation Note Report IFC) shall be produced by the GRP supplier in order
to obtain the objective of the “single point responsibility”. Responsibility of GRP Vendor for all the GRP
piping lines (about design of components, detail of support, piping layout, support position, calculations,
the effect of the results of dynamic simulation, installation, deck deflection…).
The GRP supplier shall analyse the pressure surge in the system for the following upset conditions: pumps
start-up, pump rundown, using a model including pressure control and pressure relief valves.
3. DESIGN PROCEDURE
As a rule, the phases of piping stress analysis are developed as follows:
 Line geometry definition
 Definition of restraints
 Verification of longitudinal stresses and deformations produced by sustained
(non-self-limiting) permanent loads
 Verification of longitudinal stresses and deformations produced by self-limiting loads such
as thermal loads
 Verification of occasional loads
 Verification of reaction on terminal equipment nozzles and connections
 Verification of elastic stability of piping system in operating conditions
 Verification of dynamic stability. Lines under two-phase flow or attached to reciprocating
equipment
3.1 RECORD FILE PROCEDURES

Caesar files will be numbered as follows:
XXX-CN-XXX
Serial Number (three digits)
Unit number
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 13/32
3.2 CALCULATION NOTE DOCUMENT NUMBERING

PROJECT-XXX-CN-1370-XXX-X
Revision Number starting from 0/A

Sequential Number beginning from 001
000 or Unit Number
Project Number
3.3 CALCULATION AXES
Y: vertical axis
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3.4 GENERAL UNITS

Calculations for all works covered by this specification shall be carried out using following units:
MAGNITUDE NAME SYMBOL

Piping diameter DN mm
Length Millimeter mm
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Temperature Degree Celsius °C
Angle Degree °
Area Square millimeter mm²
Volume Cubic millimeter mm3
Speed Meters per second m/s
Acceleration Meters per square second m/s²
Density Kilograms per cubic meter kg/m3
Frequency Hertz Hz
Force Newton N
Moment Newton meter N.m
Stress Mega Pascal MPa
Pressure Bar gauge Barg
Class Rating Lbs #
With: g = unit of acceleration equal to 9.81m/s²
4. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
4.1 SCOPE OF PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS

The scope of Piping Stress Analysis is to verify the following requirements:
 To keep piping stresses lower than allowable at maximum temperatures
 To guarantee stability against any external pressure conditions (i.e. slug flow, surge…)
 To avoid excessive piping deformation or pocket formation in piping requiring slopes for
drainage
 To guarantee the elastic stability of the piping system
 To avoid excessive reactions on restraints and anchors
 To avoid excessive reactions on terminal equipment nozzles and connections
 To avoid the piping's thermal expansion and/or contraction causing interference between
adjacent pipes and between piping, structures and equipment
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 15/32
 To guarantee structural stability in the event of an earthquake

 To take into account occasional and accidental events and to avoid excessive stresses
4.2 DESIGN CONDITIONS AND ALLOWABLE STRESSES

Design conditions are those defined by the design temperatures and pressures for the line, as indicated
in the Process Piping Lines List.
 For design temperature and pressure, refer to para 301 (Design Conditions) of ASME B31.3
code.
 In accordance with para 302.2.4 of ASME B31.3 code and with the COMPANY approval,
temperature or pressure or both may occasionally exceed their respective design values so
long as pipe wall stress, calculated for the maximum foreseeable pressure, does not exceed
the allowable stress at the maximum foreseeable temperature:
 By 33% when each of the single conditions does not last longer than 10 hours and does
not reach more than 100 hours per year of operation;
 By 20% when each of the said conditions does not last longer than 50 hours and does
not reach more than 500 hours per year of operation.
 The allowable stresses due to loads acting on the piping, during the phases described in the
Design Procedure, shall be defined in accordance with para 302.3 (Allowable Stress and
Other Stress Limits) of ASME B31.3.
 In the allowable stress calculations, the effect of E weld factor shall be considered for
mechanical pressure sizing and shall be numerically defined in accordance with table
302.3.4 (Longitudinal and Spiral Weld Joint Factors, E) of ASME B31.3.
The effect of E weld factor shall not be considered in verifying longitudinal stresses caused by non self
limiting and self limiting loads.
4.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

The basic data about the environmental conditions shall be extracted from the following document:
 202517C-000-CN-0007-0001 Basis of Design
4.2.1.1 REFERENCE TEMPERATURE

See section 5.2.1 for the temperatures to be used to determine stress range.
 TREF= +15°C Reference/installation temperature

 TMIN = -7°C Design mininum ambient temperature (MDMT)
 TMAX = +38°C Design maximum ambient temperature
 TSOLAR = +60°C Sun radiation (no flow) temperature
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 16/32
4.2.1.2 WIND CONDITIONS
Wind loads shall be evaluated in accordance with Eurocode standards and the Turkish local regulation
TS 498.
Wind shall be assumed to come from any horizontal direction. No reduction in wind pressure shall be
made for shielding effect of vessels or structures adjacent to the structure being design.
Values to be considered are the following ones for Samsun province, Tekkeköy district:
Samsun province.
Tekkeköy district.
Design Code TS EN 1991 part 1-4 / TS 498
Fundamental value of Vb,0 = 28 to 46 m/s (acc. Table 4 TS

basic wind velocity 498)
0
(Sea or coastal area)
Terrain Category
zo = 0.003m
zmin = 1.00m

Table 4 (TS 498) — Altitude-dependent wind speed and suction pressure
Height Above Ground Wind speed suction pressure

(m) q (kN/m2)
V (m/s)
0-8 28 0,50
9 - 20 36 0,80
21 - 100 42 1,10
> 100 46 1,30
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The peak velocity pressure of wind should be calculated and applied according to below values.
Values of Peak velocity pressure qp(z) according EN 1991 part 1-4
z [m] 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
qp(z)
[kN/m²] 1.05 1.22 1.32 2.32 2.42 2.50 2.57 2.64 2.69
z [m] 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
qp(z)
[kN/m²] 3.74 3.80 3.86 3.91 3.96 4.01 4.05 4.09 4.13
z [m] 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
qp(z)
[kN/m²] 4.17 4.21 4.24 4.27 4.30 4.33 4.36
The wind shape factor to consider into the piping stress calculation is equal to 0.7. This factor is not
introduced in the here-above wind pressure table.
4.2.1.3 SNOW CONDITIONS

Snow loads are not applicable for the lines inside building.
Snow loads only be considered for exposed piping of horizontal cold bare piping and insulated piping,
snow loads will be calculated according to Eurocode standars and the local regulation(TS EN 1991
part 1-3 and TS 498)
Design snow load shall be 0.75 KN/m².
Snow loads shall be considered as a sustained load and considered in the evaluation of stress due
to sustained loads, SL, as per ASME B31.3..
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4.2.1.4 SEISM CONDITION
According to the Turkish Seismic Design Code (TSDC 2018) and Geotechnical Report, for Samsun province,
Tekkeköy district, the seismic parameters to be consider are:
Based on the above parameters and in accordance with the 2018 Turkish seismic code, the calculated seismic
acceleration values to be used in the stress calculations will be as follows:
-Horizontal Seismic Acceleration = 0.360 g
-Vertical Acceleration = 0.288 g
4.2.2 LOADS COMPONENTS TO BE CONSIDERED

The loads components to be considered by the pipe stress engineer in the assessment of piping
systems are:
 Pressure
 Static dead weight
 Thermal expansion
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 19/32
 Equipment nozzle displacement

 Wind loading (Static Analysis, when applicable)
 Snow loads (when applicable)
 Water hammer (when applicable)
 Slug effect, Surge effect (when applicable – to be checked with process/safety departments.)
 Relief valve firing
 Hydrostatic test
4.2.3 PIPING FLEXIBILITY TEMPERATURE

Any piping with a design temperature below solar radiation temperature and subject to solar radiation
heat gain shall use this last temperature for calculation. The thermal stress range shall be calculated
based on a temperature range of minimum air temperature to solar radiation temperature. Expansion
loop or offsets may be required in such lines.
The thermal displacements for equipment nozzles shall be calculated using the maximum operating
temperature. When the design temperature is very higher compared to the operating one, clarifications
shall be requested to a process specialist.
In case of a spare pumps has a warm-up bypass, 100 % of operating temperature of line shall be taken.
For lines whose do not have flow, such as piping connected to spare pumps, installation temperature
shall be taken.
4.2.4 SLUG FLOW

Piping shall be designed for slug flow-induced forces at changes in direction in the piping system.
Depending on the situation, a static or a dynamic assessment will be applied. A DLF (Dynamic Load
Factor) of 2 shall be considered with regard to load application.
The process and the safety departments have to issue a list of the piping lines involved by slugging,
including parameters such type, velocity, flow rate and density and the force.
First natural frequency for all slug lines shall be checked, trying to make it the maximum possible.
4.2.5 SURGE CONDITIONS

Normal piping systems operating procedures such as pump start-up, sudden shutdown, rapid valve
closure may produce unsteady pressure-flow conditions. Depending on the situation, a static or a
dynamic assessment will be applied. In case of static assessment, a DLF (Dynamic Load Factor) of 2
shall be considered with regard to load application.
The process and the safety department have to issue a list of the piping lines involved by surge.
CONTRACTOR shall analyse all surge conditions due to various cases such as:
 Pump start-up, Sudden shut-down, Rapid valve closures
A time history pressure surge analysis should be performed for pipe diameters above or equal to 14” in
order to evaluate:
 The maximum pressure surge
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 20/32
 The unbalanced forces due to pressure surge along each straight pipe section between
each pair of elbows acting on anchor or restraints
 The dynamic frequencies and the associated Dynamic Load Factor to be applied.
An analysis to calculate the natural frequency of piping, restraint and structure attachment, as a whole
shall be performed.
4.2.6 RELIEF VALVE REACTION EFFECT

Pressure safety valve piping and supports shall be designed to withstand the trust loads and vibration
due to discharge. Safety relief valve reaction forces shall be calculated in accordance with the method
given in API RP520 in a closed circuit or atmosphere.
A dynamic amplification factor may be required. In absence of a more detailed analysis, a Dynamic Load
Factor of 2 shall be used.
Relief Valve loads shall be treated as an occasional stress. It shall be added to sustained stresses in
accordance with B31.3. Stresses may be as much as 1.33 times the basic allowable stress for flexibility
analysis
4.2.7 RUPTURE DISK

Dynamic forces resulting from bursting rupture disks shall be considered in the design of vessel shells
and the piping to which they are attached. In the absence of a formal dynamic analysis, a suitable dynamic
load factor or impact factor shall be incorporated into the static analysis. The rupture disc reaction force
may be calculated as follows :
𝐹 0.63 𝐾 0.2 𝐴 𝑃
Where :
𝐹 is reaction force (N)

𝐾 is ratio of specific heats, 𝐶 ⁄𝐶
𝐴 is Orifice area of the disc (mm²)
𝑃 is Inlet pressure at time of opening (MPa)
Exhaust stacks attached to rupture disks on vessels discharging to atmosphere shall be routed as straight
as possible and guided where appropriate to reduce vibration due to bursting effects.
A dynamic amplification factor may be required. In absence of a more detailed analysis, a Dynamic Load
Factor of 2 shall be used.
Rupture disk loads shall be treated as an occasional stress. It shall be added to sustained stresses in
accordance with B31.3. Stresses may be as much as 1.33 times the basic allowable stress for flexibility
analysis.
4.2.8 WATER HAMMER

Pump piping configurations shall be designed to minimize dynamic loads associated with hydraulic
transient effects due to pump power start-up, outage and rapid valve closure.
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 21/32
The pressure wave considered in water hammer analysis shall be considered as a single pass event, not
repetitive or harmonic.
Swing check valves in discharge pump piping shall be located and supported so as to minimize the
damaging hammer effect resulting from pump outages.
4.2.9 ON/OFF VALVES

Under certain circumstances, automatic on/off valves can create dynamic loads in pipes when
opening/closing quickly. Appropriate supporting will prevent lines from overloads/overstress.
5. STRESS ANALYSIS OF PIPING SYSTEMS

The thickness of pipes and pipe fittings, shall be verified in order to guarantee the acceptability of stresses
and deformations due to the action of non-self-limiting and self-limiting loads, whether permanent and
occasional (internal pressure, weight, wind and earthquake).
The analysis relevant to circumferential stresses due to internal pressure for the verification of pipes and
pipe fittings thickness is beyond the scope of these Job Specification.
5.1 ALLOWABLE STRESSES

Design conditions are those defined by the design temperatures and pressures for the line, as indicated
in the Process Line List. For design temperature and pressure, refer to paragraph 301 (Design Conditions)
of the ASME B31.3 Code.
The allowable stresses due to loads acting on the piping, during the phases described in the Design
Procedure, shall be defined in accordance with paragraph 302.3 (Allowable Stress and Other Stress
Limits) of the ASME B31.3 Code.
The allowable stress Sc and Sh for a material shall be tabulated in Appendix, Table 1 of the B31.3 Code.
The terms Sc and Sh shall be defined as follows :
 Sc is the allowable stress for a material at the cold temperature of the operating cycle,
which includes cryogenic service, or ambient installed temperature for elevated
temperature service.
 Sh is the allowable stress for a material at the high temperature of an operating cycle or
ambient temperature for cold or cryogenic service.
The efficiency of welds (E) shall not be considered in verifying longitudinal stresses caused by non-self-
limiting and self-limiting loads.
5.1.1 LONGITUDINAL STRESSES

In accordance with paragraph 320.2 of the ASME B31.3 Code, longitudinal stresses due to sustained
loads (non-self-limiting loads), whether permanent or occasional, shall be combined as described
hereafter :
𝑆 |𝑆 | 𝑆 2𝑆
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 22/32
Where :
 𝑆 is the stress due to longitudinal force
 𝑆 is the stress due to bending moment
 𝑆 is the stress due to torsional moment
5.1.2 VERIFICATION OF SUSTAINED PERMANENT LOADS

The sum of primary stresses shall satisfy the following equation :
𝑆 𝑆
The sustained permanent loads to be considered in verifying longitudinal stresses and deformations
include :
 Pressure effect (internal or external)
 Weight of the piping, insulation and in-line components (valves, flanges,…)
 Weight of the fluid transported during normal operation
 Other sustained loads (pressure thrust, insulation, spring hangers forces, snow loads…)
In accordance with paragraph 320.1 of the ASME B31.3 Code, nominal piping thickness, less allowances
(mill tolerance, corrosion), shall be considered for the calculation.
In case that a support lifts-up, the subject support is left out of the calculation in order to get a proper hot
sustained and occasional stress evaluation.
5.1.3 VERIFICATION OF SUSTAINED OCCASIONAL LOADS

The sum of primary stresses and occasional stresses shall satisfy the following equation :
𝑆 𝑘 𝑆
In accordance with paragraph 302.2.4 of the ASME B31.3 Code, temperature and/or pressure or both,
may occasionally exceed their respective design values so long as pipe wall stress, calculated for the
maximum foreseeable pressure, does not exceed the allowable stress for pressure design at the
maximum foreseeable temperature by no more than:
 33% : for no more than 10 hours at any one time and no more than 100 hours per year
(𝑘 = 1.33 )
 20% : for no more than 50 hours at any one time and no more than 500 hours per year
(k = 1.20 )
A thorough analysis shall therefore be made to evaluate which of these loads act on the piping and to
permit a qualitative examination of any effects to be compensated, mainly by means of a proper selection
and arrangement of supports.
In accordance with paragraph 320.1 of the ASME B31.3 Code, nominal piping thickness, less allowances
(mill tolerance, corrosion), shall be considered for the calculation.
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 23/32
Occasional loads include :

 Earthquake loads
 Wind loads
 Snow loads (permanent when applicable)
 Ice loads (permanent when applicable)
 Loads caused by opening safety valves
 Slug/Surge effects
 Water hammer loads
 Pulsation loads
 Impact loads due to sudden flow stoppage caused by rapid valve closure or power failure
5.1.4 TEST CONDITION VERIFICATION

In verifying longitudinal stresses under test conditions (hydraulic or pneumatic), incidental loads shall not
be taken into account.
Nominal piping thickness shall be considered for the said calculation.
Allowable stress shall be in accordance with paragraph 345.2.1 of the ASME B31.3 Code.
5.1.5 VERIFICATION OF STRESS RANGE

In accordance with paragraph 319.4.4 of the ASME B31.3 Code, the stress range due to the resultant
moment from thermal expansion and alternating loads shall satisfy the following equation:
𝑆 |𝑆 | 𝑆 2𝑆 𝑆
Where :
 S is the axial stress range due to displacement strains
 S is the resultant bending stress
 S is the torsional stress
In accordance with paragraph 302.3.5 of the ASME B31.3 Code, the allowable displacement stress range
𝑆 is defined as follows :
𝑆 𝑓 1.25 𝑆 𝑆 𝑆
The stress range factor 𝑓 shall be calculated in accordance with paragraph 302.3.5 of the ASME B31.3
Code (<7000 cycles considered).
The verification of piping flexibility stresses consists in analyzing the stresses and reactions deriving both
from the temperature variation during the various operational stages, and the movements induced by the
connected equipment (self-limiting loads).
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 24/32
The criteria for combining stresses and determining reactions are indicated in ASME B31.3 as far as
concepts, definitions, and properties of the metal materials (and in particular allowable stresses) are
concerned.
Flexibility calculations shall be carried out with reference to the external diameters and nominal
thicknesses of piping in accordance with paragraph 319.3.5 of the ASME B31.3 Code.
In verifying flexibility for a piping system, the flexibility coefficient for bends shall be determined as
indicated in ASME B 31.3 appendix D. Valves, flanges, filters and other elements for which no flexibility
evaluations may be made, shall be considered infinitely rigid.
Pipes, joints and T-pieces shall be assumed to have a flexibility coefficient of 1.
Cold springing of piping lines shall not be used to solve thermal stress trouble.
5.2 FLEXIBILITY STRESSES AND DEFORMATIONS

The verification of piping flexibility stresses consists in analysing the stresses and reactions deriving both
from the temperature variation during the various operational stages, and the movements induced by the
connected equipment (self limiting loads).
As far as concepts, definitions, and properties of the metal materials (and in particular to allowable
stresses) are concerned, the criteria for combining stresses and determining reactions are indicated in
ASME B31.3.
5.2.1 CALCULATION CONDITIONS

Flexibility calculations shall be performed taking into account any significant phases in the following line
operating conditions:
- Design
- Operation
- Decoking
- Regeneration
- line drying
- start-up condition (bowing and others)
- anomalous conditions (steam flushing, line tracing, piping with no-load, etc.)
- steam-out (for equipment piping connection)
- two equipment with one spare must be considered (operating and stand by cases)
- And all others process conditions specified by the process department or by the piping stress
leader.
Wall temperature Tp, for each of the above conditions, shall be assumed to be the same as fluid
temperature (when the line is subject to solar radiation and the maximum operating temperature is below
60°C, assume Tp = 60°C).
In accordance with the paragraph 319.4.4 and 319.5 of ASME B31.3 Code, stresses and reactions shall
be calculated using the elasticity modules relevant to installation temperature.
Thermal Expansion Definition:
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 25/32
- TMIN as the design minimum ambient temperature. Lowest mean daily temperature recorded on
site for the project.
- TMAX as the design maximum ambient temperature or solar temperature for lines exposed to
solar radiation.
- TREF as the reference or installation temperature.
The temperature difference T to be considered in verifying flexibility for each of the conditions indicated
under a) above, shall be determined as shown in next table:
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
CASE GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION
(Tp) DIFFERENCE (ΔT)
ΔT1= TP – TREF ΔT2 ΔT1
Hot Service TP > TMAX ΔT2= TREF – TMIN
Displacement stress range: TMIN TREF TMAX TP
ΔT1 – ΔT2 = Tp - TMIN
ΔT1= TMAX – TREF ΔT2 ΔT1
Ambient TMAX  TP  TMIN ΔT2= TREF – TMIN

Service
Displacement stress range: TMIN TREF TP TMAX
ΔT1 – ΔT2 = TMAX - TMIN
ΔT1= TMAX – TREF

ΔT1 ΔT2
Cold ΔT2= TREF – TP
TMIN > TP
Service Displacement stress range:
TP TMIN TREF TMAX
ΔT1 – ΔT2 = TMAX – TP
a. The average thermal expansion coefficient for each of the above conditions shall be
determined according to the effective position of the said interval of temperature T.
b. Besides the unit thermal expansion for the line itself (T), flexibility calculations shall
also take into account all the linear and angular movements required by the equipment to
which the line is connected.
c. In cases where each branch of a piping system may have different temperature
conditions, each of the same shall be examined and given its due unit thermal expansion
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 26/32
T, taking into account the respective linear and angular movements to which it is
subject.
d. Flexibility calculations shall be carried out with reference to the external diameters and
nominal thicknesses of piping.
e. A particular attention shall be paid about pipe fittings with large ratio D/t (≥ 100).
5.2.2 ANALYSIS LIMITS
The analysis limits shall be defined as part of the piping systems that are physically limited by anchors
or by interfaces whose boundary conditions are known (stiffness, thermal displacements, etc…).
The following elements are considered as anchors:
 Connections to equipment nozzles that are self-supporting and whose stiffness is much
greater than that of the piping
 Connections with large piping
 Structural supports that restrict all six degrees of freedom
If the boundary of the model is located at a physical anchor (structural supports), it is necessary to
check this support with the total load. This is why it is necessary to model the line up to the next fix
point in order to obtain the real loads for the checking of the last support of the model.
5.2.3 DECOUPLING CRITERIA
The branch line can be excluded from the piping model of the main line if a branch pipe is small, such
that :
 the ratio between moment of inertia of branch line to main line is less or equal to 1/100,
 or the branch diameter is lower than 1/3 of the header diameter.
In addition to these criterions for acceptable decoupling, the small branch line shall be designed with
no concentrated masses, such as valves, in the first one-half span length from the main run pipe; and
with sufficient flexibility to prevent restraint of movement of the main pipe.
For branches without sufficient flexibility, the effect of branch piping shall be accounted for in the
analysis of the main run piping.
5.2.4 COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION

The effect of friction shall be based on the following friction factors:
 Steel to steel : 0.3
 Stainless steel to PTFE: 0.1
 Steel to concrete 0.4
 Hold down support 0.5
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 27/32
PTFE to PTFE shall not be used.

The effect of friction shall not be used to reduce applied loads. No credit shall be taken for frictional
loadings when they will result in reduced nozzle loads.
5.2.5 VERTICAL DEFLECTION

In sustain cases, maximum vertical deflection between two supports shall not exceed 10 mm. Greater
values of deflections must be justified by means of analysis of their effect.
Live loads shall include any fluid contents and test water. If the calculated deflection is too high during
test procedure, supplement temporary supports shall be foreseen.
For sloping or self-draining lines under operation conditions, the maximum deflection of the pipe shall
not exceed the vertical fall over the span due to slope (i.e. for a set slope of 1:200, a maximum deflection
of 1:400 is allowable).
5.2.6 SETTLEMENT CONDITIONS

Stresses and loads due to a single non-repeated movement of structure and equipment foundations
shall be considered. The effect is essentially a “one-off”. A small amount of localized yielding of pipe is
acceptable in these circumstances.
The engineer should ensure that settlement does not impact upon nozzle loads, particularly of rotating
equipment.
Settlement values will be considered according to Civil specifications.
5.2.7 EXTERNAL LOADS ON FLANGED JOINTS

The flange connections, submitted to external loads, shall be checked in accordance with B31.3 with
the equivalent pressure method.
The greater of external bending moment and axial force acting on flanges shall be analyzed to protect
against excessive flange leakage.
The equivalent pressure method shall not exceed the limits specified.
4 𝐹 16 𝑀
𝑃 𝑃 𝑘 𝑃𝑆
𝜋 𝐺 𝜋 𝐺
Where:
 𝐺 is the diameter of circle on which applies the compression load of the gasket (normally
the mean diameter of the gasket)
 𝑃𝑆 is the maximum allowable pressure
 𝑘 = 1 for normal
 𝑘 = 1.33 for occasional loads
 𝑘 = 1.5 for test loads
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 28/32
If Equivalent Pressure method fails, ASME Section VIII Division 1 Appendix 2 “Weld Neck Flange
Analysis” method shall be used.
5.3 PIPING SUPPORTS
5.3.1 GENERAL
Pipe supports and restraints shall be positioned in the piping system and designed to satisfy the following
conditions:
 Maintain pipe stresses below admissible values at the design temperature stated in the
Project's specifications.
 Avoid undue deformation of piping and formation of sags in piping requiring a drain slope.
In all cases maximum vertical deflection between two adjacent supports must be duly
evaluated using standard construction formulae (see 202517C -0000-JSD-1300-010 “Job
specification for piping supports design”).
 Ensure the elastic stability of piping.
 Avoid undue stress on nozzles of connected equipment or machinery: Directional
anchors, stops and guides shall be used in order to protect the equipment nozzles or to
direct the expansion to bends, to expansion loops or to expansion joints.
 Prevent thermal expansion and contraction from causing interference between pipes and
between pipe and structure and/or equipment.
 Pipe guides shall be used to prevent buckling of long pipe runs and/or both sides of the
loops which avoid shifting the line side ways.
 Avoid excessive loading on support so, on structure/civil.
 The longitudinal displacement of the lines of pipe-racks / trenches shall be limited to 100
mm for a common shoe length. For lines with displacements greater than this value, a
calculation check shall be done and displacement specified in order to ensure that the
support pipe shoes are defined do avoid any line disengagement.
A fixed support (anchor) has to be provided at package or at tie-ins/battery limits.
In case that a support lifts-off there are two possible solutions:
1. The subject support is left out of the calculation in order to get a proper sustained and occasional stress
evaluation.
2. A hold-down type support (no upward gap) is applied so that the pipe shoe is not able to lift-off from
the support steel. In this way the lift-off force is assessed as thermal load and piping system stability will
improve.
5.3.2 PIPING LOADS ON SUPPORT

As a general rule, pipe supports can be defined as standardized supports or customized (special design)
supports.
The form, dimensions and load capacity of standardized supports were determined.
It shall be permissible to use standard types of support whose design has been previously verified by
calculation or testing for the applicable conditions.
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 29/32
In case the piping system shall be submitted to important loads, refer to JSD 1300 010 (e.g: large pipe
schedule, significant thermal loads due to high temperature...).
5.3.3 PIPING LOADS ON CIVIL STRUCTURE

Various methods are available for fixing supports to structures :
 Attachment of supports to concrete structures (embedment plates, anchor rods, …)
 Attachment to metallic structures (bolts, welding, …)
Reactions shall be calculated considering the piping's thermal expansion, other external forces acting on
the piping (weight, friction, wind, etc…) and the movements to which the piping is subjected by connected
equipment.
Loads on structure will be transmitted to the civil group as described in dedicated working instruction.
Reactions shall be calculated using the elasticity modules relevant to installation temperature and with
friction.
During the engineering phase, it shall be important to describe :
 the piping / structural engineering process going with and resulting in the structure design
 the phasing of activities with associated documentation exchanged between piping and
structural groups
At civil group request, preliminary piping loads on structure may be given according to minimum
requirement indicated in dedicated working instruction.
5.3.4 SPRING HANGERS

For a proper determination of spring hanger loads, all weights of piping components shall be accurate.
Where spring supports have been used for liquid filled pipe lines, an investigate weight with no contents
analysis shall be done to ensure that the spring reaction force will not overstress the pipe nor impose an
overload on the nozzles equipment.
5.4 PIPE FLANGES

The greater of external bending and/or traction axial load case on flanges shall be analysed to protect
against flange leakage where the piping engineer considers the analysis needed.
All flanges of level 3 lines with Sustained or Expansion stress greater than 65% shall be evaluated.
Lines containing Fluid Category “M” shall be considered for flange leakage checking if is considered
necessary by the stress analyst.
Effects of operating Pressure and Temperature shall be considered for flange leakage checking.
For flanges requiring flange leakage the following cases shall not be considered:
- Test condition
- Steam-out condition
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 30/32
6. EQUIPMENT REACTION VERIFICATION

Equipment reactions shall be calculated considering the piping's thermal expansion, other external forces
acting on the piping (weight, friction, wind, snow, etc.) and the movements to which the piping is subjected
by connected equipment.
The friction has to be considered only when the piping stress engineer assess the resulting friction loads
as being significant.
Forces and moments induced by piping on nozzles of equipment shall not exceed the values stated in
the various standards listed here below. For specific cases where such maximum allowable loads are not
defined, the manufacturer’s standard requirements shall be met.
In case of calculated loads above the allowable ones, the corresponding load spreadsheets shall be sent
to the supplier for checking and /or approval.
Pipe end reactions on equipment shall be evaluated for nozzle load compliance for the following cases:
 Weight plus pressure
 Operating case (thermal plus weight plus pressure)
 Occasional case (wind or earthquake)
In all circumstances the CONTRACTOR shall demonstrate that these maximum loads are not detrimental
from a flange leakage standpoint.
Thermal movement of equipment shall be considered.
Reactions shall be calculated using the elasticity modules relevant to installation temperature.
6.1 ROTATING EQUIPMENT

Nozzle reaction for rotating equipment (pumps, turbines and compressors) shall be lower than the allowable
values established by the vendor. Where these are not available, the standards as stated below shall be
used as a requirement.
The said values shall be defined at the bid stage and shall in no way be in conflict with the values specified
by the appropriate standards for the equipment, as required by design specifications.
The actual loads applied shall be submitted to vendor approval in case of the load criteria could not be met.
In case of Pumps mounted on Silent Blocks, the vendor will indicate the value of stiffness in Pump
specification.
6.1.1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
API 610 Pumps
The allowable nozzle loads on horizontal centrifugal pumps with suction nozzles NPS 16’’ nominal diameter
or less, shall meet the load criteria of API 610. Annex F shall NOT be used without TOTAL approval
(according to GS-RC-MEC-610), in a case by case criteria.
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 31/32
For nozzles diameter greater than 16 inches, the agreement of the manufacturer shall be required.
Other centrifugal pumps (non API Pumps)
For centrifugal pumps being out of the scope of the API code (ISO 5199, ASME B73.1 or B73.2,etc.), it is
assumed that the allowable nozzle loads shall meet the load criteria of ISO 5199 (appendix B).
6.1.2 RECIPROCATING PUMPS
The allowable nozzle loads on reciprocating pumps shall meet the load criteria of API 674.
6.2 PRESSURE VESSELS & HEAT EXCHANGERS (PV&HE)

Loads acting on pressure vessels and heat exchanger nozzles shall, as a general rule, be lower than the
nozzles allowable reactions accepted as safe by the PV&HE Department. If calculated loads are higher
than loads defined by the PV&HE Department, they shall be submitted to the vessel engineer for approval.
Local stiffness at nozzle/shell junctions of the pressure vessel and heat exchanger to be considered in
the calculation of loads acting on nozzles, shall be calculated by the PV&HE Department.
If not available, nozzle stiffness and nozzle allowable reactions shall meet the criteria as per WRC 537
and WRC 297 as applicable. If nozzle and/or vessel geometry is outside the limit of these two last codes,
other acceptable local stiffness and stress calculation methods shall be adopted prior to PV&HE
Department approval.
6.3 TANKS
Flexibility and stresses of tank nozzles shall be calculated in accordance with API STANDARD 650
Appendix P. Radial movement; downward rotation and vertical movement of tank nozzle shall be
considered in design.
6.4 OTHER STATIC EQUIPMENT

The allowable nozzle loads for other static equipment shall be as per manufacturer's specifications.
7. EXPANSION JOINTS
The use of expansion joints shall be avoided. Nevertheless, in case of use, the COMPANY approval
prior to design is mandatory.
a) Line flexibility requirements shall as far as possible be satisfied by changes of direction,
loops, etc. The use of expansion joints shall be limited to those cases in which routing
modifications are more difficult or impossible for the following reasons:
 Excessive pressure drops
 Reduced availability of space
 Excessive loads on structures or terminal equipment
b) The following employment hierarchy shall be observed for metal bellows type expansion
joints:
202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008 B 32/32
 Hinged
 Gimbal
 Lateral expansion joints
 universal expansion joints
 axial expansion joints.
c) The use of expansion joints without tie-rods requires guides, stops and anchors for the
highest pressure to which the system may be subject (in many cases, test pressure is higher
than design pressure).
d) In cases where the fluid conveyed may cause deposits or fouling between the bellows,
conveyors shall be utilized, together with the possibility of connection with steam or similar
systems. In such cases it is preferable to arrange the expansion joints on vertical stretches
of piping.
e) Expansion joint supply shall be determined as follows:
c = 1 + 1.1 Cc (mm)
 = 1 + 1.1 c (degrees)
where Cc and c are respectively the calculated linear and angular movements.
f) The selection, arrangement, limits of employment, reactions and specifications for
expansion joints shall be as per EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturer Association)
standards and EN 13480 Annex C.
g) Special care shall be taken for expansion joints operating under vacuum. Such a condition
shall be clearly indicated in specifications and bid documents. In such a case, the values
for operational and design pressure shall also be indicated.
h) Special care shall be taken for the design of the additional mechanical systems as hinges,
gimbals, tie-rods, fittings and so on. This attention shall be paid not only for the usual
operating and occasional load cases but also for the hydraulic or pneumatic test ones.
8. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Lines connected to alternative machinery, subject to pressure pulsation, and/or subject to other pulsating
forces, shall be designed and supported in order to limit as far as possible any dynamic amplification of
the relevant shape deflection and to avoid mechanical resonance between the imposed external dynamic
loads and the natural frequencies of the piping system.

202517C-0000-JSD-1300-008-B - Piping Stres Calculation

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T.

JOB SPECIFICATION FOR DESIGN

Jaume Morales- Andrea Di-Perna

B 01.09.2022 IFD – Issued for Design J.LLOSA J.MORALES A. DI PERNA

REVISIONS OF THE DOCUMENT

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

HOLD N° SECTION DESCRIPTION

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

HISTORICAL REVISION CHANGE DETAILS

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

1. PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT ................................................................................................................ 6

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

4.2.9 On/Off valves ............................................................................................................................................ 21

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

1. PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT

1.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENT DOCUMENT TITLE

ASME Section VIII ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

API STANDARD 610 Centrifugal pumps for general refinery services

API STANDARD 650 Welded steel tanks for oil storage

1.2 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

LICENSOR TECHNIP ENERGIES

COMPANY ETI BAKIR

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

VENDOR Manufacturer and/ or supplier of equipment or material

The following specifications shall be used in conjunction with this document.

Inside Piping & Installation discipline the following must be followed:

Other specifications to be followed as reference:

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

1.3 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

 National codes and standards referenced into this specification

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

2.1 SELECTION CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

Non-fragile equipment and/or 300 Level 2 Level 3

Non-fragile equipment and/or 300 Level 3

E Expansion joint Level 3 FOR ALL DIA.

Non ferrous alloy Level 3

H GRE (note 6) 100

with flange rating ? 600#

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

2.2 CHECKING LEVEL DEFINITION

2.2.1 CRITICAL LINE LIST

Computer software used for Stress analysis is CAESAR II v.12

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

2.2.2 LEVEL 3: DETAILED ANALYSIS

2.2.3 LEVEL 2: SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS

2.2.4 LEVEL 1: VISUAL ANALYSIS

2.3 CALCULATION REPORT (LEVEL 3)

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

2.4 GRP PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS

3.1 RECORD FILE PROCEDURES

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

3.2 CALCULATION NOTE DOCUMENT NUMBERING

Revision Number starting from 0/A

3.3 CALCULATION AXES

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

3.4 GENERAL UNITS

MAGNITUDE NAME SYMBOL

With: g = unit of acceleration equal to 9.81m/s²

4.1 SCOPE OF PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS

Job Specification for Design – Piping Stress Calculation

 To guarantee structural stability in the event of an earthquake

4.2 DESIGN CONDITIONS AND ALLOWABLE STRESSES