1015122, 931 AM DC Generator Formulas and Equations DC Generator Formulas and Equations DC Series and Shunt Generator Formulas & Efficiency, Power & EMF Equations The following basic DC generator formulas and equations can be used to design, simplify, and analyze the basic generator circuits to determine the power, efficiency, voliage & current, generated EMF, torque, losses etc. Table of Contents 1, Shunt Generator: 4.1. Terminal Voltage: 1.2. Terminal Current 4.2.4. The Field Current: 2. EMF Equation For DC Generator: 3. Torque of DC Generator: 4, Power Generated & Load Power 5, Series Generator: 5.1. Terminal Voltage: 5.2, Armature Induced Vollage & Torque: 5.3. Power Generated & Load Power 5.3.1. Input Power: 5.3.2. Converted Power: 5.3.3. Output Power 6. Efficiency of DC Generator: 6.1. Mechanical Efficiency: 6.2. Electrical Efficiency. 6.3. Overall Efficiency 6.4. Maximum Efficiency: Shunt Generator: Terminal Voltage: VEE—laRa hitpssiwwucolecticaltechnology.org2020110lde-generator-ormulas-equations ml w1015122, 931 AM DC Generator Formulas and Equations Where + Egis the armature induced vollage + |gis the armature current + Rais the armature resistance Terminal Current: Rett where [rls the field current & |, is the load current The Field Current: Where «Iris the field current + Ronis the shunt field resistance EMF Equation For DC Generator: The EMF generated per conductor in a DC generator is: @ZPN 60A Where + Z= number of conductors + P =number of Poles + N= Speed of rotor in RPM + A= number of parallel paths The EMF generated per path for a wave winding & lap-winding; hitpsiwwwolecticaltechnology.org2020!10lde-generatr-ormulas-equations hm! an1015122, 931 AM DC Generator Formulas and Equations oZPN For Wave—winding A= 120 oZNn 2E* For Lap —winding A= P 60 = : So the generalized equation for generated EMF of DC generator is: Ow Where * K =ZP/2mA = constant of the DC machine * w = 2miN/60 = angular speed in rads per second Torque of DC Generator: the torque of generator is directly proportional to the armature current & it is given by: T=k@l, Where + Kris a constant based on machine construction * 9 is the magnetic flux * wis the angular speed Where N is the speed in Rotation Per Minute (RPM) Power Generated & Load Power The power generated by a shunt generator is given by: Py= wT = Egle hitpsiwwwolecticaltechnology.org2020!10lde-generatr-ormulas-equations hm! 371015122, 931 AM DC Generator Formulas and Equations PL=ViL Where is the load current Series Generator: Terminal Voltage: V= EQ (la Ra* la Reo! V=Ea—la(Ra* Ree) Where E,is the armature induced voltage |ais the armature current Rais the armature resistance * Regis the series field resistance The series field current is equal to the armature current; ee Armature Induced Voltage & Torque: The armature induced voltage E, is proportional to the speed & armature current whereas the torque T of series generator is directly proportional to the square of armature current & it is given by: E,= kul, T=kO 1,2 Where * Kris a constant based on machine construction * 9s the magnetic flux + wis the angular speed hitpsiwwwolecticaltechnology.org2020!10lde-generatr-ormulas-equations hm! an1015122, 931 AM DC Generator Formulas and Equations 2nN aoe 60 Where N is the speed in Rotation Per Minute (RPM) Power Generated & Load Power The power generated by a series generator is given by: =uT = Esl PL=VIL Where | is the load current Input Power: Where * wis the angular speed of armature * Tis the torque applied Converted Power: Pron = Pin— Stray losses — mechanical losses - core losses Pron = Eala Where + E, is the induced voltage * |, is the armature current Output Power Pout = Pcon— Electrical losses (IR) Pout = VIL hitpsiwwwolecticaltechnology.org2020!10lde-generatr-ormulas-equations hm! 871015122, 931 AM DC Generator Formulas and Equations Where * Vis the terminal voltage + ILis the load current Effi ncy of DC Generator: Mechanical Efficiency: Converted Power in armature "im ~ —“Tnput mechanical power Eula Na or Electrical Efficiency: Output Power Ne ~ Converted power in armature Overall Efficiency: Output Power “ Input mechanical Power n Output Power n= Seer __ " ~ Gutput Power + Total losses Pout Pat Cat Py Pe) vi 1 Vit U4la)°R. + Py Where ips sloccaltchnology.o/2020110de generator fomulas-quatins nl or10/8722, 091 AM DC Generator Fomuias and Equaons * Pout is the useful output power * Pais the armature copper loss * Pris the field copper loss + P, is the constant losses that contains core losses & mechanical losses Maximum Efficiency: The efficiency of the de generator is Maximum, when; Variable power loss = Constant power loss Copper loss = Core & mechanical loss Copper loss ([?R) such as armature and field copper loss are variable loss because they depend on current. While the core loss such as hysteresis and eddy current loss, mechanical loss such as friction losses are all constant losses. tps: ww olacticaltachnology.org2020/10lde-gon tor formulas-oquations. mt Ww