WTP Report

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
OF
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
CAPACITY - 1.5 MLD
GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 1/1

WTP REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Hydraulic Design Of Cascade Aerator .................................................................................................... 10

1. Inlet Shaft................................................................................................................................. 10
2. Steps And Planner ...................................................................................................................... 10
3. Collection Launder ..................................................................................................................... 11
Hydraulic Design Of Stilling Chamber .................................................................................................... 14
Hydraulic Design Of Weir Loading ......................................................................................................... 16
Hydraulic Design Of Flash Mixer (Baffle Channel Type) ........................................................................... 19
Hydraulic Design Of Flocculator Inlet Channel ........................................................................................ 22
Hydraulic Design Of Mechanical Flocculator .......................................................................................... 24
1. Flocculator ................................................................................................................................ 24
2. Power Requirements .................................................................................................................... 24
3. Openings ................................................................................................................................... 25
Hydraulic Design Of Tube Settler Hexagonal .......................................................................................... 28
1.tube Settler ................................................................................................................................ 28
2.pipe Arrangement ........................................................................................................................ 30
I.inlet Arrangement ......................................................................................................................... 30
Ii.outlet Arrangement ...................................................................................................................... 31
Hydraulic Design Of Collection Channel ................................................................................................. 33
Hydraulic Design Of Channel ................................................................................................................ 35
Hydraulic Design Of Filter Inlet Channel ................................................................................................ 37
Hydraulic Design Of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter ....................................................................................... 40
1. Filter Beds ................................................................................................................................. 40
2. Depth Of Sand And Gravel ............................................................................................................ 41
3. Depth Of Water ........................................................................................................................... 41
4. Under Drain System .................................................................................................................... 42
5. Backwashing Of Filter .................................................................................................................. 44
6. Wash Water Trough ..................................................................................................................... 45
7. Gullet ....................................................................................................................................... 46
8. Wash Water Tank ........................................................................................................................ 46
Mechanical Design .............................................................................................................................. 49
1. Filter Inlet ................................................................................................................................. 49
2. Filter Outlet ............................................................................................................................... 49
3. Wash Water Inlet ........................................................................................................................ 50
4. Wash Water Outlet ...................................................................................................................... 51
5. Air Blower Design ....................................................................................................................... 51
6. Wash Water Pump ....................................................................................................................... 52
Hydraulic Design Of Rate Control Chamber ............................................................................................ 54
Hydraulic Design Of Pure Water Channel ............................................................................................... 57
Hydraulic Design Of Pipe ..................................................................................................................... 59
Hydraulic Design Of Sump - Rectangular ............................................................................................... 62
Hydraulic Design Of Chlorination .......................................................................................................... 64
1. Chlorinators ............................................................................................................................... 64
2. Emergency Chlorinators ............................................................................................................... 64
3. Chlorine Room ............................................................................................................................ 65
Hydraulic Design Of Alum Units ............................................................................................................ 67
1. Alum Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 67
GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT /

WTP REPORT
2. Alum Solution Tanks.................................................................................................................... 67

3. Preperation Of Solutions............................................................................................................... 67
4. Storage Space - Alum And Tcl Units ................................................................................................ 69
4.1 Tcl Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 69
4.2 Alum Requirements .................................................................................................................... 69
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Cascade Aerator) ............................................................................... 76
1. Steps And Planner ....................................................................................................................... 76
2. Collection Launder ...................................................................................................................... 76
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Stlling Chamber) ................................................................................ 78
Head Losses And Reduced Levels ( Flash Mixer Baffle Type) .................................................................... 79
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Flocculator Inlet Channel) ................................................................... 80
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Mechanical Flocculator) ..................................................................... 81
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Tube Settler(Circular)) ....................................................................... 82
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Collection Channel) ............................................................................ 83
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Channel) ........................................................................................... 84
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Filter Inlet Channel) ........................................................................... 85
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Rapid Sand Gravity Filter) ................................................................... 86
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Rate Control Chamber) ....................................................................... 87
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Pure Water Channel) .......................................................................... 88
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Pipe) ................................................................................................. 89
Head Losses And Reduced Levels (Pure Water Sump) .............................................................................. 90
GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT /

WTP REPORT
ANNEXURE - I
STANDARD TABLES

WTP REPORT
STANDARD POWER REQUIREMENT
(*Reference IS 7090 - 4985)

Velocity
Detention Time Net Power Input per Unit Volume Net power Input
Gradient
Sec S-1 Watts/m3 Volume Watts/m3 of flow per hr
60 300 72 1.2
50 360 104 1.4
40 450 162 1.8
30 600 288 2.4
25 720 415 2.9
20 900 648 3.6
**Calculations based on water temperatureof 30 o C

WTP REPORT
ANNEXURE - II
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CALCULATIONS

WTP REPORT
TABLE NO.1 - DESIGNED FLOWS AND CAPACITIES FOR VARIOUS ELEMENTS
FLOW NO. OF UNITS OVERLOADING LOSS

SR NO. ELEMENT
MLD NOS. % %
1 Cascade Aerator 1.5 1 20 0

2 Stilling Chamber 1.5 1 20 0
3 Weir 1.5 1 50 0
4 Flash Mixer Baffle Type 1.5 1 20 0
5 Flocculator Inlet Channel 1.5 1 20 0
6 Mechanical_Flocculator 1.5 1 20 0
7 Tube Settler(Circular) 1.5 1 20 0
8 Collection Channel 1.5 1 20 0
9 Channel 1.5 1 20 0
10 Filter Inlet Channel 1.5 1 20 0
11 Rapid Sand Gravity Filter 1.5 1 20 0
12 Rate Control Chamber 1.5 1 20 0
13 Pure Water Channel 1.5 1 20 0
14 Pipe 1.5 1 20 0
15 Rectangular Sump 1.5 1 20 0
DESIGNED FLOW / UNIT CAPACITY / UNITS

SR NO. ELEMENT
MLD m3/day m3/hr m3/sec
1 Cascade Aerator 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
2 Stilling Chamber 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
3 Weir 2.250 2,250.000 93.750 0.026
4 Flash Mixer Baffle Type 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
5 Flocculator Inlet Channel 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
6 Mechanical_Flocculator 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
7 Tube Settler(Circular) 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
8 Collection Channel 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
9 Channel 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
10 Filter Inlet Channel 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
11 Rapid Sand Gravity Filter 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
12 Rate Control Chamber 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
13 Pure Water Channel 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
14 Pipe 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021
15 Rectangular Sump 1.800 1,800.000 75.000 0.021

WTP REPORT
Formula Used:
1 Designed Flow in MLD
2 Capacity in m3/day
3 Capacity in m3/hr
4 Capacity in m3/sec

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
INLET SHAFT
STEPS AND PLANNER
COLLECTION LAUNDER

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF CASCADE AERATOR
The role of Aeration is to remove undesirable dissolved gases in water and to add oxygen to water to convert
undesirable substances to a more manageable form.
1. INLET SHAFT
(Reference Table No. 1)
Number of Units = 1 No
Designed Flow Per Unit = 1.800 MLD
Designed Capacity in m3/sec = 0.021 m3 /sec
1.1 ASSUMPTIONS & CALCULATIONS:
Assumed velocity of flow through Inlet Shaft = 1 m/sec
Assumed Thickness = 0.1 m
Diameter of Inlet Shaft Required =
DRequired = 0.163 m
Provided Internal Diameter of Inlet Shaft = 0.2 m
Assumed thickness of Inlet Shaft = 0.1 m
Hence, Outer Diameter = 0.400 m
1.2 VALIDATION CHECKS:

1. Provided Diameter 0.2 m > Required Diameter = 0.163 m
Diameter Provided > Diameter Required.
2. Velocity Achieved = 0.663 m/sec
Hence, Velocity achieved is within the permissible Range (0.6-1.25 m/sec)
DESIGN SUMMARY - INLET SHAFT

Velocity = 0.663 m/sec
Internal Diameter of Inlet Shaft = 0.2 m
Thickness of Inlet Shaft = 0.1 m
Outer Diameter of Inlet Shaft = 0.400 m
2. STEPS AND PLANNER

Designed Capacity in m3/hr = 75.000 m3/hr
Assumed criteria for area of Aerator = 0.04 m2/m3/h
Area of Aerator Required =

WTP REPORT
AreaRequired = 3.000 m2
Provide Area of Aerator = 3 m2
Diameter of Aerator =
Diameter of Aerator = 1.995 m
Assumed Number of steps = 3

Assumed Rise of each step = 0.2 m
Size of Tread =
Size of Tread = 0.266 m
Provided Tread= 0.275 m
Actual Diameter of Aerator =
Actual Diameter of Aerator = 2.050 m
Total Height of Rise =
Total Height of Rise = 0.6 m
VALIDATION CHECKS:
Actual Area Criteria = 0.044 m2/m3/h
Actual Area Criteria achieved is within the permissible Limit

(0.015-0.045 m2/m3/h)
DESIGN SUMMARY - STEPS & PLANNER

Actual Area Criteria = 0.044 m2/m3/h
Number of Steps = 3 Nos
Tread Size = 0.275 m
Rise Size = 0.2 m
Total Rise height = 0.6 m
3. COLLECTION LAUNDER

WTP REPORT
Designed Capacity in m3/sec = 0.021 m3/sec

Assumed velocity of flow = 0.6 m/sec
Assumed width of collecting Launder = 0.6 m
Assumed Free Board = 0.3 m
Side Water Depth of Collection Launder =
SWDLaunder = 0.029 m
Total Depth of Collection Launder =
Total Depth of Collection Launder = 0.329 m
DESIGN SUMMARY - COLLECTION LAUNDER

Width = 0.6 m
Side water Depth (SWD) = 0.029 m
Free Board = 0.3 m
Total Depth of Launder = 0.329 m
O.D SHAFT = 0.400 m
I
N
NO. OF STEPS = 3 Nos L
E
T TREAD = 0.275 m
S
H
A RISE = 0.2 m
F.B = 0.3 m F
T
COLLECTION I.D SHAFT = 0.2 m COLLECTION
LAUNDER LAUNDER
WIDTH = 0.6 m DIAMETER OF AERATOR = 2.050 m
Figure - Cascade Aerator Details

*For Schematic purpose only

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
STILLING CHAMBER

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STILLING CHAMBER
A stilling chamber is a portion of the system specifically designed to allow the liquid flow rate to significantly
decrease. When the liquid flow rate is decreased, the entrapped gas can rise to the surface, degassing the
liquid.
Designed Flow Per Unit = 0.021 m3/sec
1.1 ASSUMPTIONS:
Assumed Detention Time = 2 Minutes
Assumed Width of Chamber = 1 m
Assumed SWD of Chamber = 0.5 m
1.2 CALCULATIONS:
Volume of Chamber =
Volume of Chamber = 2.500 m3
Length of Chamber Required =
Length of Chamber Required = 5.000 m
Length of Chamber Provided = 5 m
Assumed distance of Baffle from Inlet = 0.5 m

Assumed Velocity of flow below baffle = 0.1 m/sec
Height of Opening below the baffle =
Height of Opening below the baffle = 0.208 m
Height of Opening below the baffle provided = 0.21 m
DESIGN SUMMARY STILLING CHAMBER

Detention time = 2 Minutes
Width of Chamber = 1m
SWD of Chamber = 0.5 m
Distance of Baffle from Inlet = 0.5 m
Velocity of flow below baffle = 0.1 m/sec
Height of Opening below the baffle = 0.21 m

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
WEIR LOADING

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF WEIR LOADING

Designed Flow Per Unit = m3/sec
1.1 ASSUMPTIONS:
Assumed Width of Weir = 0.5 m
Assumed Channel Width (b) Downstream of Weir = 0.7 m
1.2 CALCULATIONS:
Depth of water over the weir (h) =
Depth of water over the weir(h) is not greater than 0.06 m
DESIGN SUMMARY WEIR

Width of Weir = 0.5 m
Channel Width (b) Downstream of Weir = 0.7 m

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
FLASH MIXER (BAFFLE CHANNEL TYPE)

WTP REPORT
Baffles Free Board = 0.3 m
SWD = 0.260 m
Figure No. 1: Cross section of Flash Mixer (Baffle Type)
No of Baffles = 38 Nos.
Width = 0.6 m
Length = 8 m
Figure No. 2: Plan View of Flash Mixer (Baffle Type)

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF FLASH MIXER (BAFFLE CHANNEL TYPE)
The Purpose of flash mixing is to disperse coagulant throughout the mass of water rapidly and uniformly to
create a homogeneous system. This helps in the formation of mircroflocs. Baffle channel in which baffles in
the form of fins, blades or plates are provided at certain distance on opposite walls of the channel in alternate
positions to enable flow around the end and proper mixing.
Designed Flow Per Unit = 0.021 m3/sec
1.1 ASSUMPTIONS:
Assumed Detention Time = 60 Sec
Assumed Width of Channel = 0.6 m
Assumed Length of Channel = 8 m
1.2 CALCULATIONS:
Volume of Channel =
Volume of Channel = 1.250 m3
SWD of Channel =
SWD of Channel = 0.260 m
Assumed velocity Gradient = 300 sec-1

Assumed absolute viscosity = 0.89 x 10-3 kg/m.s
Assumed Water Density = 997 kg/m3
Assumed coefficient of friction of Baffles = 0.3
Number of Baffles =
Number of Baffles = 38 Nos.
Spacing of Baffle =
Spacing of Baffle = 210 mm c/c
Spacing of Baffles(400 mm c/c) is Greater than Minimum 150 mm c/c

WTP REPORT
DESIGN SUMMARY FLASH MIXER (BAFFLE CHANNEL TYPE)

Detention time = 60 Sec
Width of Channel = 0.6 m
Length of Channel = 8m
SWD of Channel = 0.260 m
Free Board = 0.3 m
Number of Baffle = 38 Nos.
Spacing of Baffle = 210 mm c/c

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
FLOCCULATOR INLET CHANNEL

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF FLOCCULATOR INLET CHANNEL
The role of Flocculator Inlet Channel is to convey water from one element to the another.

Assumed velocity of flow through Flocculator Inlet Channel = 0.6 m/sec
Assumed Width of Flocculator Inlet Channel = 0.6 m
Assumed Length of Flocculator Inlet Channel = 10 m
Side Water Depth of Flocculator Inlet Channel =
Side Water Depth of Flocculator Inlet Channel = 0.046 m
Total Depth of Flocculator Inlet Channel =
Total Depth of Flocculator Inlet Channel = 0.346 m

1. Velocity Achieved = 0.6 m/s
DESIGN SUMMARY - Flocculator Inlet Channel

Width = 0.6 m
Length = 10 m
Free Board = 0.3 m
Total Depth of Flocculator Inlet Channel = 0.346 m
LENGTH = 10 m
FREE BOARD = 0.3 m
SWD = 0.046 m
WIDTH = 0.6 m
Figure - Flocculator Inlet Channel Details

*For Schematic purpose only.

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
Mechanical Flocculator
POWER REQUIREMENT
OPENINGS

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF MECHANICAL FLOCCULATOR
1. FLOCCULATOR
The role of flocculator is to agglomerate the macroflocs generated in the Flash Mixer. The agglomeration
helps to build large size and dense flocs which are effectively removed in the Clarifier/Sedimentation Tank.
Assumed Detention Time in Flocculator=30 Minutes
Assumed SWD in Flocculator=3 m
Assumed Length of Flocculator=3.6 m
Volume of Flocculator =
Volume of Flocculator = 37.500 m3
Area of Flocculator Required =
Area of Flocculator Required = 12.500 m
Width of Flocculator Required =
Width of Flocculator Required = 3.472 m
Provided width of Flocculator = 3.6 m

1. Actual Detention Time Calculated 31.104 > Assumed Detention time = 30 m
Actual Detention Time Calculated > Assumed Detention time.
DESIGN SUMMARY FLOCCULATOR

Actual Detention Time = 31.104 minutes
Side Water Depth (SWDF) = 3m
Actual Width of Flocculator = 3.6 m
Actual Length of Flocculator = 3.6 m
2. POWER REQUIREMENTS
Assumed Velocity Gradient = 30 sec-1
Absolute Viscosity = 0.00089 kg/m.s
Assumed SWD in Flocculator=3 m
Assumed Drag Coefficient = 1.8
Assumed Density of Water = 997 kg/m3

WTP REPORT
Assumed Paddle Tip Velocity = 0.4 m/sec

Assumed Water Velocity at Paddle Tip = 0.1 m/sec
(*As per CPEEHO Manual Water Velocity at Paddle tip should be 25% of Paddle tip Velocity.)
Assumed Number of Drive Units = 2 Nos
Assumed Number of Arms Per Drive Unit = 2 Nos
Assumed Number of Blades per Arm = 4 Nos
Power Requirement =
Power Requirement = 31.143 kw
Area of Paddle =
Area of Paddle = 1.28546 m2
Area of Blades/Unit =
Area of Blades/Unit = 0.64273 m2
Area of each Blade =
Area of each Blade = 0.188 m
DESIGN SUMMARY
-1
Velocity Gradient = 30 sec
Absolute Viscosity = 0.00089 kg/m.s
Length of Flocculator = 3.6 m
Width of Flocculator = 3.6 m
SWD in Flocculator = 3m
Drag Coefficient = 1.8
Density of Water = 997 kg/m3
Paddle Tip Velocity = 0.4 m/sec
Water Velocity at Paddle Tip = 0.1 m/sec
3. OPENINGS
The role of flocculator is to agglomerate the macroflocs generated in the Flash Mixer. The agglomeration
helps to build large size and dense flocs which are effectively removed in the Clarifier/Sedimentation Tank.
3.1 ASSUMPTIONS & CALCULATIONS (Inlet Opening):
Opening Width = 0.3 m
Opening Length = 0.3 m
Velocity at Inlet = 0.231 m/sec
Inlet Opening Area =
Inlet Opening Area = 0.090 m

WTP REPORT
Velocity at Inlet =
Provided Velocity at inlet area < 0.3 m/sec
DESIGN SUMMARY INLET OPENING

Opening Width = 0.3 m
Opening Length = 0.3 m
3.2 ASSUMPTIONS & CALCULATIONS (Outlet Opening):

No of Pipe at Outlet = 3 Nos.
Dia of Pipe = 0.2 m
Velocity at Outlet = 0.221 m/sec
Outlet Area =
2
Outlet Area = 0.094 m
Velocity at Outlet =
Provided Velocity at Outlet area < 0.25 m/sec
DESIGN SUMMARY OUTLET OPENING

No of Pipe at Outlet = 3 Nos.
Dia of Pipe = 0.2 m

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
TUBE SETTLER HEXAGONAL

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF TUBE SETTLER HEXAGONAL
1.TUBE SETTLER
Number of Units = 1 Nos.
1.1 ASSUMPTIONS:
Assumed Diameter of Tube (d) = 5 cm
Assumed Length of Tube = 1 m
Assumed angle of inclination to the horizontal = 40 Degrees
Assumed Critical Settling Velocity of particles (Vsc) = 120 m/d
Assumed density of water (ρ) = 997 kg/m2
1.2 CALCULATIONS:
Relative Length of Tube (LR) =
Relative Length of Tube (LR) = 20.0
Effective Relative Length of Tube (LER) =
Effective Relative Length of Tube (LER) = 20.0-0.038 Vo
Flow through velocity in tube (Sc)

As the tube is square in cross section, SC = 11/8
Solving above equation,
Vo = 396.901 m
Entrance Area =
Entrance Area = 3.7792 m2
Number of Tubes Required =

WTP REPORT
Number of Tubes Required = 1926 NOS
Assumed Tubes Lengthwise = 50

Assumed Tubes Widthwise = 38 No
Length of Settling Tank Required =
Length of Settling Tank Required = 5.433 m
Provide Length of Settling Tank = 5.5 m
Width of settling tank Required =
Width of settling tank Required = 2.280 m
Provide Width of Settling Tank = 2.28 m
The Tubes in settling tank placed at 40 Degree Inclination
Height of Settling Tank Required =
Height of Settling Tank Required = 0.643 m
Provide Height of Settling Tank = 1.5 m

Width Provided = 5.5 m > Width Required = 5.433 m
Actual Length Provided > Length Required
Width Provided = 2.28 m = Width Required = 2.280 m
Actual Width Provided = Width Required
DESIGN SUMMARY - TUBE SETTLER(HEXAGONAL)

Diameter of tube = 5 cm
Thickness of Tube = 5 mm
Length of tube = 1m
Angle of inclination wih horizontal = 40 Degrees
Flow through velocity in tube vo = 393.504 m/day
Number of tubes = 1926 NOS
Length wise tubes = 50 Nos
Widthwise Tubes = 38 Nos
Length of Settling Tank = 5.5 m
Width of Settling Tank = 2.28 m
Height of Settling Tank = 1.5 m

WTP REPORT
2.PIPE ARRANGEMENT
I.INLET ARRANGEMENT
i.1.1 ASSUMPTIONS:
Assumed Number of Inlet Pipes = 3 Nos.
Assumed Diameter of Perforations = 50 mm
Assumed Spacing of Perforations = 200 mm
i.1.2 CALCULATIONS:
3 inlet pipes at bottom along the width of tube settler module will be provided
Flow per Pipe =
Flow per Pipe = 0.007 m3/sec
Maximum Velocity in the inlet pipes will be 0.25 m/sec
Diameter of Inlet Pipe =
Diameter of Inlet Pipe = 0.173 m
i.1.3 VALIDATION CHECKS:

Provided Diameter of Inlet Pipe = 0.2 m
Provided Diameter achieved is within the permissible Limit

(0.173 m)
Number of Perforations =
Number of Perforations = 12.000
Velocity of Flow =
Velocity of Flow = 0.297240 m/sec
i.1.3 VALIDATION CHECKS:

Velocity of flow through Perforations = 0.297240 m/sec

WTP REPORT
Velocity of flow through Perforations achieved is within the permissible Limit

(< 0.3 m/Sec)
II.OUTLET ARRANGEMENT
ii.1.1 ASSUMPTIONS:
Assumed Number of Outlet Pipes = 5 Nos.
Assumed Diameter of Pipe = 0.3 m
ii.1.2 CALCULATIONS:
Provide 5 semicircular PVC 300 mm pipes above the tube settler module at a height of 1 m from module top.
Weir Loading =
Weir Loading = 0.065 m3/m.d
ii.1.3 VALIDATION CHECKS:
Provided Weir Loading achieved is within the permissible Limit

3
(< 300 m /m.d)
DESIGN SUMMARY - TUBE SETTLER HEXAGONAL PIPE ARRANGEMENT

Flow per Pipe = 0.007 m3/Sec
Diameter of Perforations = 50 mm
Spacing of Perforations = 200 mm
Number of Perforations = 12
Diameter of Inlet Pipe = 0.2 m
Velocity of flow through Perforations = 0.297240 m/Sec
Diameter of Outlet Pipe = 0.3 m
Weir Loading = - m3/m.d

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
COLLECTION CHANNEL

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF COLLECTION CHANNEL
The role of Collection Channel is to convey Collected water from one element to the another.

Designed Flow Per Unit = 0 MLD
Designed Capacity in m3/sec = 0
Assumed velocity of flow through Channel = 0.65 m/sec
Side Water Depth of Channel =
Side Water Depth of Channel = 0.053 m
Total Depth of Channel =
Total Depth of Channel = 0.353 m

DESIGN SUMMARY - CHANNEL

Width = 0.6 m
Length = 5m
Free Board = 0.3 m
LENGTH = 5 m
FREE BOARD = 0.3 m
SWD = 0.053 m
WIDTH = 0.6 m
Figure - Channel Details

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
CHANNEL

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF CHANNEL
The role of Channel is to convey water from one element to the another.



Width = 0.6 m
Length = 15 m
Free Board = 0.3 m
LENGTH = 15 m
FREE BOARD = 0.3 m
SWD = 0.053 m
WIDTH = 0.6 m

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
FILTER INLET CHANNEL

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF FILTER INLET CHANNEL
The role of Filter Inlet Channel is to Provide water to Filter House for filteration.



Width = 0.6 m
Length = 25 m
Free Board = 0.3 m
LENGTH = 25 m
FREE BOARD = 0.3 m
SWD = 0.053 m
WIDTH = 0.6 m

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
FILTER BED
SAND AND GRAVEL
DEPTH OF WATER
UNDER DRAIN SYSTEM
BACKWASHING OF FILTER
WASH WATER THROUGH
GULLET/GUTTER
WASH WATER TANK

WTP REPORT
FREE BOARD 0.5 m
WATER
1m
THROUGH 0.218 m
WATER
SAND 0.6 m
GRAVEL 0.5 m
Length = 2.8 m
Figure - Rapid Sand Gravity

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF RAPID SAND GRAVITY FILTER
1. FILTER BEDS

Assumed Water for Backwashing = 3 %
Cumulative Time for Backwashing = 10 min
Assumed Number of Filter Beds = 2 Nos
Assumed Rate of Filtration in 6 m3/m2.h
Assumed Ratio of Length to Width = 1.2
Total Water to be Filtered =
Total Water to be Filtered = 1,854.000 m3/day
Actual Time for Filteration =
Actual Time for Filteration = 23.833 Hours
Flow per Bed =
Flow per Bed = 77.790 m3/hr
Area Required for each Bed =
Area Required for each Bed = 6.483 m2
Length of Bed Required =
Length of Bed Required = 2.789 m
Provide Length of Bed = 2.8 m

WTP REPORT
Width of Bed Required =
Width of Bed Required = 2.324 m
Provide Width of Bed = 2.4 m

1. Area Provided = 6.720 m2 > Area Required = 6.483 m2
Area Provided > Area Required
2. Actual L/W ratio maintained is 1.167
Actual L/W ratio maintained is within the permissible range.(1.11-1.66)
DESIGN SUMMARY - FILTER BED

Water for Backwashing = 3%
Time for Backwahing = 10 min
Number of Filter Beds = 2 Nos
Rate of filteration = 6 m3/m2.h
L/W ratio = 1.167
Length of filter bed = 2.8 m
Width of filter Bed = 2.4 m
2. DEPTH OF SAND AND GRAVEL

DESIGN SUMMARY - SAND
Depth of Sand = 0.6 m
d10 Size = 0.6 mm
d60 Size = 0.75 mm
SR.NO RANGE IN SIZE (mm) RANGE IN DEPTH (mm) PROVIDED DEPTH (mm)
1 2-5 50-80 70
2 5-12 50-80 70
3 12-20 80-130 90
4 20-38 80-130 110
5 38-65 130-200 160
DESIGN SUMMARY - GRAVEL

Depth of Gravel = 500 mm
3. DEPTH OF WATER
Assumed Depth of water above sand = 1 m
Total Depth of Filter Box =
Total Depth of Filter Box = 2.600 m

WTP REPORT
DESIGN SUMMARY - DEPTH OF WATER

Depth of Water = 1m
Free Board = 0.5 m
Total Depth of Filter Box = 2.600 m
4. UNDER DRAIN SYSTEM

(Reference from Filter Bed Design)
Provided Length of Filter Bed = 2.8 m
Provided Width of Filter Bed = 2.4 m

Assumed Sections per filter bed = 2 Nos
Assumed Ratio of Filter to Perforations = 0.3 %
Assumed Ratio of Laterals to Area of Orifice = 2
Assumed Ratio of Area of Manifolds to Area of Laterals = 1.5
Area of filter per underdrain section =
2
Area of filter per underdrain section = 3.360 m
Area of Orifice Required =
Area of Orifice Required = 0.010 m2
Area of Lateral Required =
Area of Lateral Required = 0.020 m2
Area of Manifold Required =
Area of Manifold Required = 0.030 m2
Diameter of Manifold Required =
Diameter of Manifold Required = 0.195 m
Provide Diameter of Manifold = 0.2 m
Assumed width of Pit for Manifold = 0.2 m
Assumed height of Pit for Manifold = 0.2 m

WTP REPORT
Assumed Diameter of Laterals = 50 mm
Area of each Lateral =
Area of each Lateral = 0.00196 m2
Number of Laterals Required =
Number of Laterals Required = 10 Nos
Provide Number of Laterals = 10 Nos
Number of Laterals on each side of

=
Manifold
Number of Laterals on each side of

= 5.000 Nos
Manifold
Length of Each Lateral =
Length of Each Lateral = 0.500 m
Ratio =
Ratio = 10.000 < 60
Required Spacing of Lateral =
Required Spacing of Lateral = 560 mm
Provide Spacing of Lateral = 500 m c/c

WTP REPORT
Assumed diameter of Orifice = 12 mm
Area of each Orifice =
Area of each Orifice = 0.0001130 m2
Number of Orifices per Lateral Required =
Number of Orifices per Lateral Required = 10 Nos
Provide Number of Orifices = 10 Nos
Required Spacing of Orifice =
Required Spacing of Orifice = 100 mm c/c
Provide Spacing of Orifice = 100 mm c/c

1. Diameter of Manifold Provided = 0.2 m > Diameter of Manifold required = 0.195 m
Spacing of Manifold Provided > Spacing of Manifold Required
2. Ratio of Length of Laterals to Spacing of Lateral = 10.000
Ratio of Length of Laterals to Spacing of Lateral < 60, Hence Okay.
DESIGN SUMMARY - UNDER DRAIN SYSTEM

Sections per filter bed = 2 No
Ratio of Filter to Perforation = 0.3 %
Ratio of Area of Manifolds to Area of Laterals = 1.5
Diameter of Manifold = 0.2 m
Width of Manifold Pit = 0.2 m
Depth of Manifold Pit = 0.2 m
Diameter of Lateral = 50 mm
Number of Laterals = 10 Nos
Diameter of Orifice = 12 mm
Spacing of Lateral = 500 mm c/c
Spacing of Orifice = 100 mm c/c
5. BACKWASHING OF FILTER

WTP REPORT
DESIGN SUMMARY - BACKWASHING OF FILTER

Rate of Backwash = 600 l/m2.min
Rate of Air Wash = 600 l/m2.min
2
Pressure of Air Wash = 0.35 kg/cm
6. WASH WATER TROUGH

2
Rate of backwash = 600 l/m .min
Assumed Flat bottom trough with zero slope and Flat bottom slope.
Assumed Number of troughs on either side of Gullet = 2 Nos
Assumed Width of Trough = 0.3 m
Backwash Required per Bed =
Backwash Required per Bed = 4,032.000 lpm
3
Flow per Bed = 0.07 m /sec
Rate of Flow per Trough =
Rate of Flow per Trough = 0.017 m3/sec
Required Depth of Trough (ho) =
Required Depth of Trough (ho) = 0.118 m
Total Depth of Trough =
Total Depth of Trough = 0.218 m
Clear Spacing Between Troughs =
Clear Spacing Between Troughs = 1.100 m
Provide bottom of trough minimum 0.3 m above sand.

1. Clear Spacing Between Troughs = 1.100 m

WTP REPORT
Clear Spacing Between Troughs < 2.0 m, Hence Okay.
DESIGN SUMMARY - WASH WATER TROUGH

Number of troughs on either side of gullet = 2 Nos
Width of Trough = 0.3 m
Depth of trough = 0.118 m
Free Board = 0.1 m
Total Depth of trough = 0.218 m
Clear Spaing between troughs = 1.100 m
7. GULLET
(Reference from Filter Bed Design and Backwashing of Filter)
Rate of backwash = 600 l/m2.min
Assumed Width of Gullet = 0.4 m
Backwash Required per Bed =
Backwash Required per Bed = 4,032.000 lpm
Flow per Bed = 0.07 m3/sec
Required Depth of Gullet (ho) =
Required Depth of Gullet (ho) = 0.246 m
Total Depth of Gullet =
Total Depth of Gullet = 0.546 m

1.Actual Depth of Gullet Provided is = 1.618 m
Actual Depth of Gullet > Required Depth, Hence Okay.
DESIGN SUMMARY - GULLET

Width of gullet = 0.4 m
Actual Depth of gullet = 1.618 m
Free Board = 0.3 m
8. WASH WATER TANK


WTP REPORT

Rate of backwash = 600 l/m2.min
Back Wash Required per Bed =
Back Wash Required per Bed = 4,032.000 litre/Minutes
Volume of Water Required =
Volume of Water Required = 40.320 m3
Total Volume for Back washing =
Total Volume for Back washing = 42.336 m3
Area Required for Wash Water tank =
Area Required for Wash Water tank = 14.112 m2

DESIGN SUMMARY - WASH WATER TANK
Rate of Back Wash = 600 l/m2.min
Backwash Duration = 10 min
Extra Quantity of Water = 5%
Depth of Water = 3m
Width of tank = 4m
Length of tank = 3.6 m

WTP REPORT
MECHANICAL DESIGN
FILTER INLET
FILTER OUTLET
WASH WATER INLET
WASH WATER OUTLET
AIR BLOWER DESIGN
WASH WATER PUMP

WTP REPORT
MECHANICAL DESIGN
1. FILTER INLET
Rate of flow from each filter in m3/hr = 38.895 m3/hr
Assumed velocity at Inlet = 0.65 m/sec
Assumed Gate Width = 0.2 m
Area of Opening Required =
2
Area of Opening Required = 0.017 m
Diameter of Pipe Required =
Diameter of Pipe Required = 0.147 m
Provide Diamter = 0.2 m

2 2
1. Area Provided = 0.031 m > Area Required = 0.017 m
DESIGN SUMMARY - FILTER INLET

Diameter = 0.147 m
2. FILTER OUTLET
* Pipe connecting Manifold of Rate control chamber
Rate of flow each filter = 38.895 m3/hr

Assumed Velocity at Outlet = 1.2 m/sec
Area of Pipe Required =
Area of Pipe Required = 0.009 m2

WTP REPORT
Provide Diameter of Pipe = 0.15 m

1. Area Provided = 0.018 m2 > Area Required = 0.009 m2
DESIGN SUMMARY - FILTER OUTLET

Diameter = 0.15 m
3. WASH WATER INLET

Rate of flow from each filter in m3/sec = 0.07 m3/sec
Assumed velocity at Inlet = 1.5 m/sec
Area of Opening Required = 0.047 m2
Diameter of Pipe =
Diameter of Pipe = 0.244 m
Provide Diameter of Pipe = 0.3 m

1. Area Provided = 0.071 m2 >= Max of [Area Required = (0.047 m2) & Manifold Pipe Area = ( 0.031 m2)]
Area Provided >= Area Required
DESIGN SUMMARY - WASH WATER INLET

Diameter = 0.3 m

WTP REPORT
4. WASH WATER OUTLET

Rate of flow from each filter in m3/sec = 0.07 m3/sec

Assumed velocity at Outlet = 1.5 m/sec
Area of Opening Required = 0.047 m2
Diameter of Wash water outlet pipe =
Diameter of Wash water outlet pipe = 0.244 m
Provide Diameter of Wash water outlet pipe = 0.35 m

1. Area Provided = 0.096 m2 >= Area Required = 0.047 m2
Area Provided >= Area Required
DESIGN SUMMARY - WASH WATER OUTLET

Diameter = 0.35 m
5. AIR BLOWER DESIGN

3
* Provide 2 working and 1 stand by air blowers with capacity of 3.1 m /min at 0.35 kg/cm2 pressure.
Length of filter bed in m = 2.8 m
Width of filter bed in m = 2.4 m

Assumed Rate of air supply = 600 lpm/m2 @ 35kg/cm2
Assumed duration of Air wash = 5 min
Air flow per bed =
Air flow per bed = 4.032 m3/min
Total Air of flow per bed =
Total Air of flow per bed = 6.048 m3/min
Capacity of each Blower Req =

WTP REPORT
Capacity of each Blower Req = 3.024 m3/min
Provided Capacity of Each Blower = 3.1 m3/min

1. Capacity of Each Blower Provided = 3.1 m3/min > Capacity of Each Blower Required = 3.024 m3/min
Capacity of Each Blower Provided > Capacity of Each Blower Required
DESIGN SUMMARY - AIR BLOWER

Rate of Air Supply = 600 LPM/m2
Overloading for Air Blower = 50 %
Number of Working Air Working Blowers = 2 Nos
Number of Air Blowers on Standby = 1 No
3
Capacity of Each Blower = 3.1 m /min
Duration of air Wash = 5 min
6. WASH WATER PUMP

(Maximum water head is inclusive of 10% Losses)
Length of filter bed in m = 2.8 m
Width of filter bed in m = 2.4 m

Assumed = 997 kg/m3
Assumed Capacity of Tank = 40.32 m3
Discharge (Q) =
Discharge (Q) = 0.001 m3/sec
Water Power Required =
Water Power Required = 0.284 HP
Water Power Provided = 0.5 HP

1. Water Power Provided = 0.5 HP > Water Power Required = 0.284 HP
Water Power Provided > Water Power Required
DESIGN SUMMARY - WASH WATER PUMP

Capacity of Tank = 40.32 m3
Duration for the tank to be filled = 720 min
Max Water Head = 12 m
Water Power = 0.5 No
Efficiency of Motor in % = 75 %
Efficiency of Pump in % = 75 %

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
RATE CONTROL CHAMBER

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF RATE CONTROL CHAMBER
The role of Rate Control Chamber is to collect water from an element and convey forward.

Number of Chambers = 1 No
Assumed Detention Time = 10 Sec
Assumed Width = 0.3 m
Assumed Length = 1.5 m
Volume of Rate Control Chamber Required =
=
3
Volume of Rate Control Chamber Required = 0.208 m
SWD =
SWD = 0.46222 m
Provide SWD of Rate Control Chamber = 0.1 m
Total Depth of Rate Control Chamber =
Total Depth of Rate Control Chamber = 0.400 m

1. Actual Detention Time maintained = 2.160 sec
Hence, Revise the dimensions of the element designed.
DESIGN SUMMARY - RATE CONTROL CHAMBER

Detention Time = 10 sec
Volume = 0.208 m
Width = 0.3 m
Length = 1.5 m
Free Board = 0.3 m
Total Depth of Rate Control Chamber = 0.400 m

WTP REPORT
LENGTH = 1.5 m
FREE BOARD = 0.3 m
SWD = 0.1 m
0.3 m
0.5 m
SECTIONAL VIEW
WIDTH = 0.3 m
FLOW OF WATER
FLOW OF WATER
PLAN VIEW
Figure - Rate Control Chamber Details

* For Schematic purpose only.

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
PURE WATER CHANNEL

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF PURE WATER CHANNEL
The role of Pure Water Channel is to convey water from one element to the another.

Assumed velocity of flow through Pure Water Channel = 0.65 m/sec
Assumed Width of Pure Water Channel = 0.6 m
Assumed Length of Pure Water Channel = 15 m
Side Water Depth of Pure Water Channel =
Side Water Depth of Pure Water Channel = 0.053 m
Total Depth of Pure Water Channel =
Total Depth of Pure Water Channel = 0.353 m


Width = 0.6 m
Length = 15 m
Free Board = 0.3 m
Total Depth of Pure Water Channel = 0.353 m
LENGTH = 15 m
FREE BOARD = 0.3 m
SWD = 0.053 m
WIDTH = 0.6 m
Figure - Pure Water Channel Details

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
PIPE

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF PIPE
The role of Pipe is to convey water from one element to the another.

Assumed velocity of flow through Pipe = 0.65 m/sec
Provide Standard D.I Pipe of Internal Diameter = 0.250 m
Corresponding thickness of Pipe (K9) = 0.00680 m

Hence, Outer Diameter = 0.264 m

1. Provided Diameter 0.250 m > Required Diameter = 0.202 m
Hence Diameter provided of Pipe is Sufficient.

DESIGN SUMMARY - PIPE
Velocity = 0.428 m/s
Internal Diameter of Pipe = 0.250 m
Thickness of Pipe = 0.00680 m
Outer Diameter of Pipe = 0.264 m
PIPE THICKNESS = 0.00680 m
INTERNAL DIAMETER = 0.250 m

VELOCITY = 0.428 m/sec
Figure - Pipe Details


WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
PURE WATER SUMP (RECTANGULAR)

WTP REPORT
m
5
= PUMP HOUSE
TH PURE WATER SUMP
ID
W
SWD = 3 m
LENGTH = 5 m
Figure - Pure Water Sump Details


WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF SUMP - RECTANGULAR
The role of Pure Water Sump is to store water for further distribution.
Number of Sumps = 1 No
Designed Capacity in m3/hr = 75.000 m3/hr
Assumed Detention Time = 1 hour
Assumed SWD = 3 m
Assumed Length = 5 m
Volume of Sump Required =
Volume of Sump Required = 75.000 m3
Area of Sump Required =
2
Area of Sump Required = 25 m
Width of Sump Required =
Width of Sump Required = 5.000 m
Provide Width of Sump = 5 m
Total Depth of Sump =
Total Depth of Sump = 3.3 m

1. Actual Detention Time maintained = 1.000 hr
Actual Detention Time maintained > Assumed Detention time
DESIGN SUMMARY - PURE WATER SUMP (RECTANGULAR)

Detention time = 1 hr
Side water Depth (SWD) = 3m
Width = 5m
Length = 5m
Free Board = 0.3 m
Total Depth of Sump = 3.3 m

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
CHLORINATION UNITS
EMERGENCY CHLORINATORS
CHLORIN ROOM

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF CHLORINATION
This deals with removal of few metal salts of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Maganese, Sodium fluorides, arsenic
which in soluble form which cause ill effects.
1. CHLORINATORS
Flow to be Disinfected = 1.5 MLD

Assumed Dose of Chlorine 2mg/l to achieve 0.2mg/l at the far end of the distribution system.
Chlorine Required =
Chlorine Required = 3 kg/d
Provided Chlorine = 3 kg/day
2. EMERGENCY CHLORINATORS
Assumed Number of Working Tanks = 1 Nos
Assumed Capacity of each tank for = 8 Hours
Bleaching Powder Required =
Bleaching Powder Required = 4 kg for 8 hrs
Bleaching Powder Required for 8 hrs = 4 kg for 8 hrs
Assumed strength of Solution = 10 %

Assumed Width = 0.9 m
Assumed SWD = 1
Volume of Solution Tank Required =
3
Volume of Solution Tank Required = 0.040 m
Volume of Solution Tank Required = 0.040 m3
Length of Tank Required =
Length of Tank Required = 0.044 m
Provide Length of Tank = 0.9 m

WTP REPORT
Total Depth of Tank =
Total Depth of Tank = 1.3 m

1. Actual Length of Tank Provided ( 0.9 m) > Required length of tank ( 0.044 m)
Actual Length Provided > Length Required
3. CHLORINE ROOM
Chlorine Requirement for 7 Days =
Chlorine Requirement for 7 Days = 21 kg for 7 days
Assumed Chlorine in single Tonner = 10.5 kgs

Assumed Number of Tonners = 2 Nos
Assumed Number of Tonners on Stand-By = 1 No
DESIGN SUMMARY - CHLORINATION UNITS

Chlorine Requirement = 3 kg/d
Bleaching Powder Required for 8 hrs = 4 kg for 8 hrs
Strength of Solution = 10 %
Solution Tank Width = 0.9 m
Solution Tank Length = 0.9 m
Solution Tank SWD = 1m
Free Board for Solution Tank = 0.3 m
Total Depth of Solution Tank = 1.3 m
Chlorine Requirement for 7 Days = 21 kg for 7 days
Chlorine in single Tonner = 10.5 kgs.
Number of Tonners = 2 Nos
Number of Tonners on Stand By = 1 No

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
ALUM REQUIREMENTS
ALUM SOLUTION TANKS
PREPERATION OF SOLUTIONS
STORAGE SPACE - ALUM AND TCL UNITS
TCL REQUIREMENTS
ALUM REQUIREMENTS

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF ALUM UNITS
This deals with removal of few metal salts of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Maganese, Sodium fluorides, arsenic
which in soluble form which cause ill effects.
1. ALUM REQUIREMENTS
Flow to be Disinfected = 1.5 MLD

Assumed Average Dose of Alum Requirement
Monsoon Season = 70 mg/l

Winter Season = 30 mg/l
Summer Season = 10 mg/l
Assumed Purity of Alum Cakes = 75 %

Alum Required for the Worst Season i.e.
=
Monsoon
Alum Required = 140.000 kg/day
Alum Required for 90 Days =
Alum Required for 90 Days = 12,600.000 kg
2. ALUM SOLUTION TANKS

Assumed Number of Tanks = 2 Nos
Assumed Duration of Tank to Serve = 8 Hours
Alum Requirement Per Shift =
Alum Requirement Per Shift = 46.667 kg/shift
3. PREPERATION OF SOLUTIONS
Weight of Coagulant per unit volume for various percent Solution
( Reference from " Operation and control of Water treatment Process" by Cox-1969)
% Solution Alum, Al2(SO4)3 gm/l

5% 52.7

Assumed Strength of Solution = 5 %
Assumed Purity of Alum Cakes = 75 %

WTP REPORT
Weight of Alum Cake Required =
Weight of Alum Cake Required = 70.267 gm/l
Quantity of Water Required per Shift of the

=
Solution
Water Required/Shift = 664.141 ltrs/Shift
Assumed Length = 0.9 m

Assumed SWD = 1 m
Width of Tank Required =
Width of Tank Required = 0.369 m
Provide Width of Tank = 0.9 m
Total Depth of Tank =
Total Depth of Tank = 1.3 m
7 Day Alum Requirment =
7 Day Alum Requirment = 980 kgs

1. Actual Width of Tank Provided = 0.9 m
Actual Width provided > Width required
DESIGN SUMMARY - ALUM UNITS

Alum requirement per shift = 46.667 kg/shift
Alum requirement for 90 Days = 12,600.000 kg
No. of Tanks = 2 Nos
Tank Capacity for = 8 Hours
Strength of Solution = 52.7 gm/l
Weight of Alum cake required = 70.267 gm/l
Solution Tank Width = 0.9 m
Solution Tank Length = 0.9 m
Solution Tank SWD = 1m
Free board for Solution Tank = 0.3 m
Total Depth of Solution Tank = 1.300 m
Alum requirement for 7 Days = 980 kgs

WTP REPORT
4. STORAGE SPACE - ALUM AND TCL UNITS

4.1 TCL REQUIREMENTS
4.1.1 ASSUMPTIONS & CALCULATIONS:
Bleaching Powder required per Day = 3 kg/day
Bleaching Powder required for 7 Days =
Assumed weight of TCL per 1 m3 = 1700 kgs
Volume for TCL Required =
Volume for TCL Required =
Volume for TCL Required = 0.016 m3
Storage Space Required =
Storage Space Required =
Storage Space Required = 2.097 m2
4.2 ALUM REQUIREMENTS

4.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS & CALCULATIONS:
Alum required for 90 Days = 12,600.000 kg
Alum required for 7 Days = 980 kgs
Total Alum Required =
Total Alum Required = 13,580 kgs
Volume for Alum Required =
Volume for Alum Required = 7.988 m3
Total Volume Required =
Total Volume Required = 8.004 m3
Assumed 5 % Extra Volume
Total Volume Required =
Total Volume Required = 7.988 m3

WTP REPORT
DESIGN SUMMARY - STORAGE SPACE

TCL Volume Required = 0.000 m3
Alum Volume Required = 7.988 m3
Extra Volume = 5%
3
Total Volume = 7.988 m

WTP REPORT
ANNEXURE - II
HYDRAULIC HEAD LOSSES AND
REDUCED LEVELS

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC HEAD LOSSES AND REDUCED LEVELS

NOTATION ABBREVIATION
HL Head Loss
TWL Total Water Level
FSL Full Supply Level
RL Reduced Level
hfr , hf Frictional Loss
g Gravitational Acceleration
n Manning's Coefficient of roughness
c Hazen William Coefficient
R Hydraulic Radius
S Hydraulic Gradient
hen Head Loss at Entry
hex Head Loss at Exit
hb Head Loss due to Bend
hse Head Loss due to Suddden Expansion
hsc Head Loss due to Sudden Contraction
Ken Entry Head Loss Coefficient
Kex Exit Head Loss Coefficient
Kb Bend Head Loss Coefficient
Kse Expansion Head Loss Coefficient
Ksc Contraction Head Loss Coefficient
Q Discharge in m3/sec
v Velocity in m/sec
SWD or d Side Water Depth in meter
b Width in meter
d Diameter in meter
L Length in meter
Formulae Used for Calculating Head Losses:
I. Frictional Losses in Open Channels:
Using Manning's Formula Hydraulic

=
Gradient (S)

WTP REPORT
n = Manning's Coefficient of roughness
Hydraulic Radius (R) =
Frictional Loss =
II. Frictional Losses in Pipes:
a. Frictional Losses by Hazen William Equation:

Assuming value of C = 100
hfr =
Where, C = Hazen William Coefficient (Refer Table No.)
R = Hydraulic Radius
b. Frictional Losses by Darcy Weisbach Equation:
hf =
Where, f = Darcy Weisbach Coefficient (Refer Table No. )
L = Length of Pipe in m
Q = Discharge in m3/sec
d = Diameter of Pipe in m
III. Minor Head Losses in Pipes:
a. Loss at Entry:
hen =
b. Loss at Exit:
hex =
c. Loss due to Bend:
hb =

WTP REPORT
d. Loss due to Sudden Enlargement:
hse =
e. Loss due to Sudden Contraction:
hsc =
Where Ken , Kex , Kb, Kse , Ksc are Head Loss Coefficients
For Coefficient Details refer Table No.
v = velocity in m/sec
g = Gravitational Acceleration
Formulae Used for Calculating Water and Reduced Levels:

TWL at Start of an Element =
TWL at End of an Element =
RL at Start of an Element =
RL at End of an Element =

WTP REPORT
HEAD LOSSES
REDUCED LEVELS

WTP REPORT
HEAD LOSSES AND REDUCED LEVELS

(CASCADE AERATOR)
1. STEPS AND PLANNER

No. of Steps = 3 Nos
Rise of Steps = 0.2 m
2. COLLECTION LAUNDER
Velocity in Launder = 0.6 m/sec
Width of Launder = 0.6 m
SWD = 0.029 m
Free Board = 0.3 m
HEAD LOSS CALCULATIONS AND LEVELS:

R.L at Lip of Aeration Fountain = 100 m
Free Fall from last step to collection launder = 0.1 m
Total Loss from lip of fountain =
Total Loss from Lip of Fountain = 0.700 m
Assumed Total Loss from Lip of Fountain = 0.700 m
TWL of Collection Launder at start =
TWL of Collection Launder at start = 99.250 m
R.L of Collection Launder Bottom at start =
R.L of Collection Launder Bottom at start = 99.221 m
R.L of Collection Launder Top at start =
R.L of Collection Launder Top at start = 99.55 m
Length of Launder =
Length of Launder = 4.16 m
Frictional Loss in Launder, Using Manning's Formula and taking Manning's Coefficient for R.C.C as n =
0.013
Hydraulic Gradient (S) =

WTP REPORT
Hydraulic Gradient (S) = 0.00769
Frictional Loss in Launder =
Frictional Loss in Launder = 0.032 m
TWL of Collection Launder at

=
End
TWL of Collection Launder at

= 99.168 m
End
R.L of Collection Launder Bottom at End =
R.L of Collection Launder Bottom at End = 99.139 m

WTP REPORT

(STLLING CHAMBER)
Depth of Water (SWD) = 0.5 m

Length of Stlling Chamber = 5 m
Width of Stlling Chamber = 1 m
TWL of previous element Connecting Media at end = 99.168 m
Assumed Drop = 0.05 m
TWL of Stlling Chamber at the Start =
TWL of Stlling Chamber at the Start = 99.118 m
RL of Stlling Chamber bottom at start =
RL of Stlling Chamber bottom at start = 98.618 m
TWL of Stlling Chamber at end =
TWL of Stlling Chamber at end = 99.018 m
R.L of Stlling Chamber Bottom at End =
R.L of Stlling Chamber Bottom at End = 98.518 m

WTP REPORT

( FLASH MIXER BAFFLE TYPE)
Flash Mixer : Depth of Water (SWD) = 0.26 m

TWL of Stilling Chamber at End = 99.018 m
FSL in Flash Mixer =
FSL in Flash Mixer = 98.918 m
RL of Flash MIxer Bottom =
RL of Flash MIxer Bottom = 98.658 m

WTP REPORT

(FLOCCULATOR INLET CHANNEL)
Velocity of Flow in Channel = 0.65 m/sec

Length of Channel = 15 m

TWL of Previous element at end = 98.918 m
Assumed Drop in Channel = 0.05 m
TWL of Channel at start =
TWL of Channel at start = 98.868 m
RL of Channel at Start =
RL of Channel at Start = 98.822 m
Frictional Loss in Channel, Using Manning's Formula and taking Manning's Coefficient for R.C.C as n =
0.013
Frictional Loss in Channel =
Frictional Loss in Channel = 0.06660 m
Assumed Frictional Loss in Channel = 0.04445 m

Assumed Additional Head Losses Remark = 0.05 m
TWL of Channel at End =
TWL of Channel at End = 98.774 m
R.L of Channel Bottom at End =
R.L of Channel Bottom at End = 98.728 m

WTP REPORT

(MECHANICAL FLOCCULATOR)
SWD of Flocculator = 3 m
TWL at end of previous connecting element = 98.774 m
F.S.L in Mechanical flocculator =
F.S.L in Mechanical flocculator = 98.674 m
R.L in Mechanical flocculator bottom =
R.L in Mechanical flocculator bottom = 95.674 m

WTP REPORT

(TUBE SETTLER(CIRCULAR))
Depth of Tube Settler Module = 1.5 m

TWL of previous element Connecting Media at end = 98.674 m
Assumed Drop = 0.1 m m
FSL in Tube Settler =
FSL in Tube Settler = 98.574 m
RL of Tube Settler Module

=
bottom
RL of Tube Settler Module

= 97.074 m
bottom

WTP REPORT

(COLLECTION CHANNEL)

0.013


WTP REPORT

(CHANNEL)

0.013


WTP REPORT

(FILTER INLET CHANNEL)

Assumed Drop in Channel = m
0.013


WTP REPORT

(RAPID SAND GRAVITY FILTER)
Depth of Filter Box = 2.600 m

TWL of Previous Element/ Connecting Element at end = 98.196 m
FSL in Filter at Start = 98.196 m
RL of Filter Bottom =
RL of Filter Bottom = 95.596 m
TWL for succeding connecting

=
Channel
TWL for succeding connecting

= 96.396 m
Channel

WTP REPORT

(RATE CONTROL CHAMBER)
Design Flow = 0.2083 m3/sec

Width of Rate Control Chamber = 0.3 m
Depth of Rate Control Chamber = 0.400 m
Length of Rate Control Chamber = 1.5 m
SWD = 0.1 m
TWL of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter at end = 96.396 m
TWL of Rate Control Chamber at the Start =
TWL of Rate Control Chamber at the Start = 96.346 m
RL of Rate Control chamber at start =
RL of Rate Control chamber at start = 96.246 m
Additional Losses = 0.1 m
TWL of Rate Control chamber at end =
TWL of Rate Control chamber at end = 96.246 m
R.L of Rate Control chamber at End =
R.L of Rate Control chamber at End = 96.246 m

WTP REPORT

(PURE WATER CHANNEL)

TWL of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter at end = 96.246 m
Assumed Drop in Channel = 0 m
0.013


WTP REPORT

(PIPE)
Designed Flow = 0.021 m3/sec

Velocity of water in Pipe = 0.65 m/sec
Diameter of Pipe = 0.250 m
Length of Pipe = 15 m
TWL of Previous Element/ Connecting Element at end = 96.129 m
Loss at Entry, Assuming Ken = 1 and considering value for g = 9.81
hen =
hen = 0.0215 m
Roundup Value = 0.05 m
Loss due to Exit, Assuming Kex = 1 and considering value for g = 9.81
hex =
hex = 0.0215 m
Frictional Losses by Darcy Weisbach Equation, Assuming value of f = 0.01
hf =
hf = 0.0056 m
Assumed Additional Head Losses(AHL) Remark = 0.05
Total Head Losses in Pipe =
Total Head Losses in Pipe = 0.140 m
TWL at the start of succeding

=
Element/Connecting Media
TWL at the start of succeding

= 95.989 m
Element/Connecting Media

WTP REPORT

(PURE WATER SUMP)
Water Depth (SWD) = 3 m

TWL of Pure Water Sump at the start = 95.989 m
FSL in Sump =
FSL in Sump = 95.589 m
RL of Sump Bottom =
RL of Sump Bottom = 92.589 m

WTP REPORT
HYDRAULIC HEAD LOSSES
SR CUMULATIVE HEAD
ELEMENT HYDRAULIC LOSSES
NO. LOSS
Total Loss from Lip = 0.700 m

Steps and Planner
Assumed Head Loss = 0.05 m
1 CASCADE AERATOR Free Fall Loss = 0.1 m 0.082 m
Frictional Loss = 0.032
Collection Launder Assumed Head Loss = 0.05 m
Total Loss = 0.832 m
2 STILLING CHAMBER Assumed Head Loss = 0.1 m 0.982 m

3 FLASH MIXER BAFFLE TYPE 1.082 m
Frictional Loss = 0.04445 m

4 FLOCCULATOR INLET CHANNEL 1.226 m

TUBE SETTLER 1.426 m

7 COLLECTION CHANNEL 1.436 m

8 CHANNEL 1.593 m

WTP REPORT
SR CUMULATIVE HEAD
ELEMENT HYDRAULIC LOSSES
NO. LOSS
Assumed Drop = 0 m

9 FILTER INLET CHANNEL 1.804 m
Assumed Drop = 0 m
10 RAPID SAND GRAVITY FILTER Head Loss through Filter = m 3.604 m
11 RATE CONTROL CHAMBER Assumed Head Loss = 0.1 m 3.754 m
Assumed Drop = 0 m

12 PURE WATER CHANNEL 3.871 m
Loss at Entry = 0.05 m
13 PIPE Loss at Exit = 0.03 m 4.011 m
Frictional Loss = 0 m

WTP REPORT
TOTAL WATER LEVEL AND REDUCED LEVELS
AVERAGE GL OR RL AT START = 100 m

TOTAL WATER
SR CUMULATIVE HEAD REDUCED LEVEL
ELEMENT LEVEL
NO. LOSS
START END START END
1 CASCADE AERATOR 0.750 m 99.250 99.168 99.221 99.139
2 STILLING CHAMBER 0.982 m 99.168 99.018 98.618 98.518
FLASH MIXER BAFFLE
3 1.082 m 99.018 98.658 98.918 98.658
TYPE
FLOCCULATOR INLET
4 1.226 m 98.918 98.774 98.822
CHANNEL
MECHANICAL
5 1.326 m 98.774 95.674 98.674 95.674
FLOCCULATOR
6 TUBE SETTLER 1.426 m 98.674 97.074 98.574 97.074
7 COLLECTION CHANNEL 1.436 m 98.674 98.564 98.571
8 CHANNEL 1.593 m 98.574 98.407 98.471
9 FILTER INLET CHANNEL 1.804 m 98.407 98.196 98.354
RAPID SAND GRAVITY
10 3.604 m 98.196 96.396 95.596
FILTER
11 RATE CONTROL CHAMBER 3.754 m 96.396 96.246 96.246
12 PURE WATER CHANNEL 3.871 m 96.246 96.129 96.193
13 PIPE 4.011 m 96.129 95.989
14 PURE WATER SUMP 4.411 m 95.989 92.589

94/97
PIPE
R.L OF CHANNEL BOTTOM AT END
CONTROL CHAMBER
R.L OF FILTER BOTTOM
WTP REPORT
TUBE SETTLER
WTP REPORT
MECHANICAL FLOCCULATOR
R.L OF FLASH MIXER BOTTOM
STILLING CHAMBER
GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN
R.L OF LAUNDER BOTTOM AT END
R.L OF LAUNDER BOTTOM AT START
R.L START
100
92
95/97
R.L OF SUMP AT BOTTOM
PIPE
CONTROL CHAMBER
R.L OF FILTER BOTTOM
RL

WTP REPORT
WTP REPORT
TUBE SETTLER
R.L OF FLASH MIXER BOTTOM
STILLING CHAMBER
R.L OF LAUNDER BOTTOM AT END
R.L OF LAUNDER BOTTOM AT START
R.L START
100
92
CHANNEL
96/97
CONTROL CHAMBER
RSGF
CHANNEL
CHANNEL
TWL
CHANNEL
TUBE SETTLER
RL
WTP REPORT
WTP REPORT
CHANNEL
FLASH MIXER
STILLING CHAMBER
COLLECTION LAUNDER
STEPS AND PLANNER
CASCADE AERATOR
100
92
WTP REPORT
TWL 100 99.250 99.168 99.018 98.918 98.774 98.674 98.574 98.564 98.407 98.196 98.196 96.246 96.129 95.989 95.589
RL 100 99.221 99.139 98.518 98.658 98.728 95.674 97.074 98.511 98.354 98.143 95.596 95.596 96.076 95.596 92.589

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GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 1/1

Hydraulic Design Of Cascade Aerator .................................................................................................... 10

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT /

2. Alum Solution Tanks.................................................................................................................... 67

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT /

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 4/97

STANDARD POWER REQUIREMENT

(*Reference IS 7090 - 4985)

50 360 104 1.4

40 450 162 1.8

30 600 288 2.4

25 720 415 2.9

20 900 648 3.6

**Calculations based on water temperatureof 30 o C

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 5/97

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 6/97

TABLE NO.1 - DESIGNED FLOWS AND CAPACITIES FOR VARIOUS ELEMENTS

FLOW NO. OF UNITS OVERLOADING LOSS

1 Cascade Aerator 1.5 1 20 0

DESIGNED FLOW / UNIT CAPACITY / UNITS

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 7/97

1 Designed Flow in MLD

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 8/97

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 9/97

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF CASCADE AERATOR

Diameter of Inlet Shaft Required =

Provided Internal Diameter of Inlet Shaft = 0.2 m

Assumed thickness of Inlet Shaft = 0.1 m

Hence, Outer Diameter = 0.400 m

1.2 VALIDATION CHECKS:

Diameter Provided > Diameter Required.

2. Velocity Achieved = 0.663 m/sec

Hence, Velocity achieved is within the permissible Range (0.6-1.25 m/sec)

DESIGN SUMMARY - INLET SHAFT

2. STEPS AND PLANNER

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 10/97

Provide Area of Aerator = 3 m2

Diameter of Aerator = 1.995 m

Assumed Number of steps = 3

Size of Tread = 0.266 m

Provided Tread= 0.275 m

Actual Diameter of Aerator =

Actual Diameter of Aerator = 2.050 m

Total Height of Rise =

Total Height of Rise = 0.6 m

Actual Area Criteria achieved is within the permissible Limit

DESIGN SUMMARY - STEPS & PLANNER

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 11/97

Designed Capacity in m3/sec = 0.021 m3/sec

Side Water Depth of Collection Launder =

Total Depth of Collection Launder =

Total Depth of Collection Launder = 0.329 m

DESIGN SUMMARY - COLLECTION LAUNDER

O.D SHAFT = 0.400 m

WIDTH = 0.6 m DIAMETER OF AERATOR = 2.050 m

Figure - Cascade Aerator Details

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 12/97

GENERATED BY INODEDESIGN WTP REPORT 13/97

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STILLING CHAMBER

Volume of Chamber = 2.500 m3

Length of Chamber Required =