38 8. LOAD TEST ON TWO STAGE AIRCOMPRESSOR. AIM To conduct load test on the two stage reciprocating air compressor and to determine the volumetric efficiency and isometric efficiency at various delivery pressure. Also plot the following graphs: Delivery pressure Vs Volumetric efficiency. Delivery pressure Vs Isothermal efficiency. TEST RIG DETAILS: . Working pressure = 12 kgf/em?. Motor power = 3HP Low pressure cylinder bore diameter, D; = 80mm. High pressure cylinder bore diameter, D2 = 50mm. . Stroke length L = 85mm Speed, Nc = 700 rpm Diameter of orifice, d= 0.01m Coefficient of discharge of the orifice meter, Ca= 0.6 Energy meter constant, K = 1200 impulse/kwhr. Number of impulse on energy meter, n= 10 THEORY: During the downward motion of the piston the Pressure inside the cylinder falls below the atmospheric pressure and the inlet valve is opened due to this pressure difference. The air is sucked into the cylinder until the piston reaches the BDC (Bottom dead centre). As the piston starts moving upwards the inlet valve closed and the pressure starts building up continuously until the pressure inside the cylinder is above the pressure of the receiver. Then the delivery valve opens and the air is delivered during the remaining upward motion of the piston to the receiver.39 At the end of the delivery stoke, small volume of high pressure air left in the clearness space. The high pressure left in the clearness space © expands as the piston moves downwards and the pressure of the air falls, until the pressure is just below the atmosphere and then the inlet valve opens and freshair is sucked in and whole process will repeat. The suction, compression and delivery of air take place within two strokes of the piston or one revolution of the crankshaft. The compression of air from initial pressure to the final pressure in morethan one cylinder is known as multistage compression. . DESCRIPTION: The compressor basically consists of an electric motor (prime mover), two cylinders namely HPcylinder and LP cylinder. The system is intercooled. Pressure gauges are provided at the both of theHP cylinder and LP cylinder outlets to read the pressures. The AC motor gives input power to thecompressor. , APPARATUS Manometer, Digital rpm indicator, stopwatch PROCEDURE: 1. The water present if any in the receiver is drained out using the drainage cock. . 2. The outlet valve of the receiver is kept open to facilitate starting and then the motor is switchedon. 3. When the compressor reaches its normal speed the outlet valve of the receiver is closed and thecompressor is allowed to build the required pressure, 4. When the pressure reaches the desired valve, the outlet valve is adjusted so that the deliverypressure remains constant at that pressure. * At this point manometer reading, speed of the motorand energy meter Teadings is noted down.40 5. The experiment is repeated for different values of pressures and the above set of reading arenoted down. . After completing the experiment, switch of the motor and release the air from the receiver. OBSERVATION AND TABULAR COLUMN Gauge Time for] Dilfin Isothermal St | Presre | PS | Srevot | manoueter| Vv | va | ma | uP [SOBER ta No 2 ree elm dise pe miss | mls} % | AW eine | % fem sec mof water FORMULAE: 1) Initial pressure, P: = Atmospheric pressure = 1,01,325 N/m?. 2) Final pressure, P2 = (Gauge pressure x 10° ) + Atmospheric pressure N/m? .Where gauge pressure = Pressure gauge reading in Kgf/em?. 3) Actual volume of air intake per second ,Va= Ga A \2gh, Where Ca = Coefficient of discharge of orifice meter = 0.60 A= Area of orifice = n d2/4 m?, 8 = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s? ha= Head difference in terms of air column in meters,41 = Ah x (density 0 . where, Ah = Difference in asad peat RIE) Density of water pw= 1000 Kgfm3 Tin manometer in meters. Density of air at RTP p, = 1.29. ; where t = Room temperature _ a Ceara ee ee W pressure cylinder in metres. L= Stroke length in metres N= Speed of the compressor in rpm. 5) Volumetric efficiency , 1 voi=(Va/ Vin) x 100 % Where V.= Actual volume of air delivered in m3/s. Vin = Theoretical air intake in m/s. 6) Input power, P = (3600 xn)/(Kx t) kw Where, K = Energy meter constant = 200 rev/kwh. n= Number of revolutions of energy meter disc. t=Time taken for ’n’ revolution of energy meter disc. Assuming transmission and mechanical losses as 20 %. ie. Total - Input = 0.8 P 7) Isothermal work done = P1 Vi loge P2 /P1 x 10 3kJ/s Where P, = initial pressure or atmospheric pressure in N/m. P) = final pressure in N/m’. V, = Va = Actual air intake in m’/s. 8) Isothermal efficiency »"iso— (isothermal work done ) / ( Total Input) x 100 %. . RESULT 1) Maximum Volumetri ; 2) Maximum Isothermal efficienc’ ic efficiency of the compressor. y of the compressor. INFERENCE