4 Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsl¾udka;h

lDIsl¾udka;h i|yd WÑ; mdßißl ;;a;j a hkaf.ka iukaú; Y%S ,xldj w;S;fha isg
u lDIs wd¾Ólhla mej;s rgla f,i ye`ok s ú a h yels h' uq,a ld,fha ckdjdi msyg
s j
q d
.kq ,enqfõ o lDIsl¾udka;hg iqÿiq .x.d ksïk wdY%; s m%foaYj, jk w;r tod isg wo
olajd u Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Òlh fuka u ixialD;sh o lDIsl¾uh yd ne£ mj;S'

Y%S ,xldfõ
lDIsl¾udka;h" i;a;ajmd,kh
yd ëjr l¾udka;h ms<sn| j
lreKq wOHhkh lsÍu fuu
mßÉfþofha wruqK fõ'

4'1 rEmh
Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 49

ù j.dj
w;S;fha isg u Y%S ,xldfõ j.d flfrk m%Odk wdydr fNda.hla f,i ù j.dj
jeo.;a fõ' W;=re bkaÈhdfõ isg Y%S ,xldjg meñ‚ úch l=ure we;=¿ msßi
ckdjdi msysgqjd .kq ,enQfõ o ù f.dú;ek i|yd fhda.H jQ .x.d ksïk wdY%s;
;eks;,d m%foaYj, h' hg;a úð; hq.fha § Y%S ,xldfõ ù j.dj mßydkshg m;ajqj
o ksoyiska miq th kej; k.disgqùu i|yd úh<s l,dmfha f.dúckmo msysgqùu
^Land Settlements)" jeõ m%;sixialrKh jeks mshjr f.k we;' yß; úma,jfha
^Green Revolution) n,mEu ksid 1960 oYlfha wjidk ld,j, § YS% ,xldfõ ù
j.dj úYd, jYfhka ÈhqKq úh' j¾;udkfha § jHdmdßl fNda.hla jYfhka o ù
j.dj jHdma; ù ;sfí'

ù j.dfõ jeo.;alu
²² Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.a m%Odk wdydrh ùu'
²² foaYSh fjf<| fNda.hla (commercial crop) f,i jeo.;a ùu'
²² iy,a wdY%s; w;=re ksIamdok rdYshla (subsidiary products) fjf<|fmd<g
bÈßm;a lsÍu' úúO wdydr j¾." úúO i;a;ja ksIamdok hkdÈh
²² l¾udka; /ilg wuqøjH iemhSu'
²² fMkaøSh fmdfydr ksIamdokh
²² ù j.dj wdY%s; j úúO /lshd ìys ùu'
by; i|yka lreKqj, n,mEu ksid ù j.dj flfrys ksr;=re j u jeä wjOdkhla
fhduq ù ;sfí' fndaUqj," uyb¨mam,a,u" n;f,af.dv" ys`.=rlaf.dv" wïn,kaf;dg
jeks ù m¾fhaIK wdh;k u.ska ù j.dj ms<sn| j úúO m¾fhaIK isÿlrk w;r
tu.ska j.djg wjYH îc j¾. ,nd§u yd Wmfoia ,nd§u o isÿ flf¾'
4'1 is;shfuka meyeÈ,s jk wdldrhg Y%S ,xldfõ iEu m%foaYhl u ù j.dj jHdma;
ù ;sfí' ta w;ßka m%foaY lsysmhla m%uqLia:dkh .kakd nj meyeÈ,s h' fuu m%foaY
úúO mdßißl l,dmj,g (Environmental zones) fjka lr oelaúh yels h'
²² úh<s l,dmh ^Dry zone)
²² w;rueÈ l,dmh ^Intermediate zone)
²² f;;a l,dmh ^Wet zone)
²² l÷lr ìï ^Mountain lands) 4'2 is;shu n,kak'

50 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

Y%S ,xldfõ ù j.d lrk m%foaY

4'1 is;shu
ù j.d lrk m%foaY
uQ,dY%h - .=Kfiak *s,smaia f,dal is;shï fmd;
4'2 rEm ^2009& weiqßka ilia lrk ,È'
ù j.dfõ úúO wjia:d

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 51

1' úh<s l,dmh
²² wkqrdOmqrh" uvl,mqj" yïnkaf;dg" ²² l=reKE., Èia;%slalh o nÿ,a,"
fmdf<dkakrej" jõkshdj" wïmdr" hdmkh
jeks Èia;%slal wh;a fõ'
²² h, yd uy lkakh o we;eï m%foaYj, ueo
lkakh o ù j.d lrkq ,efí'
²² jeis c,h yd c, iïmdokh u.ska ù j.dj
isÿ flfrk w;r jdß c,h u.ska f.dv ù
j.dj o isÿ flf¾'
²² ìï tAllhlska ,nd.kakd wiajkq m%udKh jeä
neúka iy,a w;sßla;hla (excess ) ksmojhs'
²² hka;%iQ;% nyq, j fhdÞ .efka'
2' w;rueÈ l,dmh
ud;f,a" fudKrd.," ud;r jeks
Èia;%slalj,ska fldgila o fuhg
wh;a fõ'
²² l=reKE.," Y%S ,xldfõ jeä u
ìï m%udKhla ù j.d lrkq ,nk
Èia;%slalh hs'
²² jeis c,fhka yd c, iïmdokfhka
j.d flf¾'
²² ìï tAllhlska ,nk wiajkq
m%udKh jeä h'
²² hka;%iQ;% Ndú;h nyq, fõ'

4'2 is;shu
Y%S ,xldfõ ù j.d lrkq ,nk m%Odk l,dm
uQ,dY%h - Biodiversity Conservation in sri lanka
3' f;;a l,dmh (1998)
weiqßka ilia lrk ,È'
²² .d,a," l`M;r" r;akmqrh" fld<U"
.ïmy" lE.,a, Èia;%slal wh;a fõ'
4' l÷lr ìï
²² .x.d ñáhdj;a yd my;a m%foaYj, ù ²² uykqjr" ud;f,a" kqjrt<sh jeks m%foaY
j.d flf¾' jeo.;a fõ'
²² m%Odk jYfhka j¾Id c,fhka j.d ²² fy,au`M l%uhg ù j.d flf¾'
lrkq ,efí' ²² Y%S ,xldfõ wvq u ìï m%udKhla ù
²² wiajkq m%udKh úh<s l,dmhg j.djg fhdod .kq ,nkafka kqjrt<sh
idfmalaI j wvq h' Èia;%slalfha h'
²² l=vd ìï lÜáj, (small plots) j.d flf¾' ²² ìï tAllhlg ,nk wiajkq m%udKh
²² c, .e,Sïj,g Ndckh ùfuka wvq h'
fndfyda úg j.d ydks isÿ fõ'

52 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

by; i|yka l,dmj, ù j.dj jHdma; ùu flfrys"
²² 1900mmg jeä j¾Idm;kh ²² wiajkq fk<k ld,fha úh<s ld,.=Kh
²² 21 C - 35 C olajd WIaK;ajh ²² c, iïmdokhg wjYH myiqlï ;sîu'
0 0

²² c,h r|d mj;sk Èh`M mi ²² ñksia Y%uh ,eîu jeks idOl fya;= ù
we;'

j¾;udkh jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ ù j.d lrk ìï m%udKh fuka u ksIamdok m%udKh

o jeä ù ;sfí' 4'1 j.=j n,kak'
4'1 j.=j
ù j.d lrk N+ñ m%udKh yd ksIamdok m%udKh

j¾Ih j.d lrk ,o ìï m%udKh ksIamdok m%udKh

fylaghdr oyia fuá%la fgdka oyia
2008 1053 3875
2009 978 3652
2010 1065 4301
2011 1223 3894
2012 1067 3846

uQ,dY%h - Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj" 2013

l%shdldrlï
1' Y%S ,xld wdlD;s is;shul my; i|yka oE ,l=Kq lr kï lrkak'
I' Y%S ,xldfõ jeä u yd wvq u ìï m%udKhla ù j.d lrk Èia;%slal fol
II' uyb¨mam,a,u" wïn,kaf;dg" fndaUqj, lDIs m¾fhaIK wdh;k
(Agricultural Research Institutes)
III' lDIs ;dlaI‚l Whk msysá" (Agro - Technological park) .kafkdarej
2' 4'1 j.=fjys we;s o;a; fhdÞ .ksñka ù j.d lrk ,o ìï m%udKh yd ksIma dok
m%udKh ±laùu i|yd ;Sre m%i; a drhla ks¾udKh lrkak' m%i;
a drh weiqßka ù
ksIma dokfhys isÿ ù we;s fjkialï folla ,shkak'

mejreï
1' idïm%Þhsl yd kQ;k ù j¾. ±lafjk f,aLkhla ilia lrkak'
2' ù j.dfjys ksr; j isák f.dú uy;l= uqK.eiS ù j.dfõ § uqyqK §ug
isÿjk .eg¨ idlÉPd fldg jd¾;djla bÈßm;a lrkak'
3' zzù j.dj i|yd fMkaøSh fmdfydr fh§uZZ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a
mqj;am;lg ,smshla ilia lrkak'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 53

f;a j.dj
Y%S ,xldjg f;a j.dj y÷kajd fokq ,enQfõ bx.%Sis cd;sl fÊïia fÜ,¾ úisks' Tyq
úiska 1839 § l÷lr m%foaYj,g y÷kajd ÿka f;a j.dj" j;= j.djla f,i jHdma;
lrk ,oafoa 1867 § ¨,al÷r j;=hdfha f;a j.dj wdrïN lsÍfuks' j¾;udkh jk
úg Y%S ,xldfõ úYd, j;= jYfhka fuka u l=vd f;a j;= jYfhka o f;a j.dj
jHdma; j mj;S' tÞ isg fï olajd f;a j.dfjys isÿ ù we;s m%.;sh my; i|yka
f;dr;=rej,ska meyeÈ,s fõ'

²² 1873 § fylaghdr 7'5 f;a j.d lr m%:ujrg f;a lsf,da.a?ï 10'5 ksmojd
re'58 wdodhula ,ndf.k we;'
²² 2012 jk úg fï ìï m%udKh fylaghdr 222"000 olajd o ksIamdok m%udKh
lsf,da.a?ï ñ,shk 326'3 olajd o wdÞhu remsh,a ñ,shk 74065 olajd o
j¾Okh ù ;sfí'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj - 2012

Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk m%foaY

Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk m%foaY m%Odk jYfhka fldgia ;=klg fnÈh yels h' tA
Wvrg" ueorg yd my;rg jYfhks'

²² Wvrg f;a (Upcountry tea)

- ^1220mg jeä Wia ìïj,& kqjrt<sh
²² ueorg f;a ^Midcountry tea)
- ^610m - 1220m olajd Wia ìïj,&
uykqjr" ud;f,a" nÿ,a,
²² my;rg f;a ^Lowcountry tea)
- ^610mg wvq Wia ìïj,& l`M;r"
ud;r" .d,a," yïnkaf;dg" lE.,a,
r;akmqrh" jeks Èia;%slalj,
uQ,dY%h - Y%S ,xldfõ f;a l¾udka;h
w;sf¾l .=re w;afmd; ^1997&

4'3 is;shu
Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk Èia;%slal
uQ,dY%h - .=Kfiak *s,smaia f,dal is;shï fmd; ^2009& weiqßka ilia lrk ,È'

54 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

 4'4 is;shu
Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk m%foaY" f;a ksIamdok yd ta wdY%s; udkj ls%hdldrlï
uQ,dY%h - .=Kfiak *s,smaia f,dal is;shï fmd; ^2009&
weiqßka ilia lrk ,È'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 55

fuu m%foaYj, f;a j.dj jHdma; ùu flfrys"
²² 1900mm - 5400mm olajd jQ j¾Idm;kh
²² 150C-270C olajd idudkH WIaK;ajh
²² f,daï ,egrhsÜ mi
²² c,h nei hk uo nEjqï iys; m%foaY
²² mqyqKq fiajl msßi
²² ÈhqKq m%jdyk fiajh
²² foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fjf<|fmd< hk idOl n,md we;'

2007 isg 2012 olajd Y%S ,xldfõ f;a ksIamdok m%udKh 4'2 j.=fjka o 4'1 m%ia;drfhka
o fmkakqï flf¾'
335
4'2 j.=j
Y%S ,xldfõ f;a ksIamdok m%udKh
325
ksIAmdokh lsf,da.a?ï ñ,shk

^2007- 2012&
315
f;a ksIAmdokh
lsf,da.a?ï ñ,shk 305

2007 305
295
2008 319
2009 291 285

2010 331
0
2011 328 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

2012 328 j¾Ih

4'1 m%ia;drh
Y%S ,xldfõ f;a ksIamdok m%udKh ^2007- 2012&
uQ,dY%h - YS% ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj - 2013
l%shdldrlï
1' by; i|yka j.=j yd m%i; a drh wOHhkh fldg Y%S ,xldfõ jeä u yd wvq u
f;a ksIm
a dok m%udKh yd wÞ< j¾I i`oyka lrkak'
2' m%ia;drhg wkqj 2007 - 2012 olajd f;a ksIamdok m%udKfhys isÿ ù we;s
fjkialï folla ,shkak'
Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu Wfoid ;,jlef<a f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh (Tea
Research Institute)" l=vd f;aj;= ixj¾Ok wêldßh (Small Tea Estate Development
Authority)" Y%S ,xld f;a uKav,h jeks wdh;k u.ska jeo.;a fufyhla bgq flf¾'

56 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

Y%S ,xldj" f;a jeä m%udKhla wmkhkh i|yd ksmojkq ,nk w;r tAjd úúO
wdldrfhka wmkhk fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lrkq ,efí' 4'3 rEmh n,kak'

f;a fld<" f;a l=vq

(Tea leaves, Tea dust)
laI‚l f;a
(Instant Tea)
f;a leg
(Tea Cubes)
fldams f;a
(Coffee Tea)
yß; f;a
(Green Tea)
rka f;a
(Ran Tea)
l=re÷ f;a
(Cinnamon Tea)

4'3 rEmh
úúO f;a ksIamdok
Y%S ,xldj .=Kd;aulnúka by< f;a ksmojkq ,nk rgj,ska tlls' f,dalfha fyd|
u f;a ksIamdolhd f,i isxy ,l=‚ka ^Ceylon Tea& fjf<|fmd<g y÷kajd § we;s
Y%S ,xld f;a" f,dalfha ´kEu rgl mdßfNda.slhkaf.a m%idoh Èkd .ekSug iu;a
j ;sfí' Y%S ,xld f;a ñ,§ .kakd m%Odk l,dmh jkafka ueo fmrÈ. l,dmh hs'
brdkh" brdlh" tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcHh" isßhdj" fcda¾Þkh tu l,dmhg wh;a
rgj,a fõ' ta yereK úg reishdj" tlai;a rdcOdksh" cmdkh yd ´iafÜ%,shdj o Y%S
,xld f;a ñ,§ .kakd m%Odk rgj,a fõ'

l%shdldrlï
1' Y%S ,xldjg f;a j.dj y÷kajd §u ms<sn| j flá úia;rhla lrkak'
2' Y%S ,xld wdlD;s is;shul f;a nyq, j j.d lrk Èia;%slal myla ,l=Kq lr
kï lrkak'
3' Y%S ,xldj f;a wmkhkh lrk m%Odk rgj,a myla f,dal wdlD;s is;shul
,l=Kq lr kï lrkak'
4' f;a j.dj ÈhqKq lsÍfuka Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólhg ,nd .; yels m%fhdack
;=kla ,shkak'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 57

 mejreï
1' Y%S ,xldfõ f;a l¾udka;h ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Tnf.a fhdackd bÈßm;a
lrñka l=vd f;a j;= ixj¾Ok wêldßhg ,smshla ilia lrkak'
2' Y%S ,xldfõ f;a" f,dalfha m%pdrh lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh
lrkak'

fmd,a j.dj
fmd,a .i" Y%S ,xldfõ ck Ôú;h yd ne÷Kq iqúfYaIS Ydlhls' fmd,a .fiys iEu
fldgila u jdf.a m%fhdackhg .ksñka wdydr" mdk j¾." ieris,s" .Dy NdKav"
úis;=re NdKav" i;a;Aj wdydr jeks úúO ksIamdok ilia lr .kakd neúka th"
—lmarel˜ (Tree of Bounty) f,i o ye¢kafõ' úúO W;aij wjia:dj, § o fmd,a
.i wdY%s; øjH fhdÞ.kq ,efí' ksoiqka f,i fmd,a u,a" f.dla w;= hkdÈh ±laúh
yels h' 4'4 rEmh wOHhkh fldg fmd,a .i wdY%s; úúO ksIAmdok y÷kd .kak'

4'4 rEmh
fmd,a .i wdY%s; úúO ksIamdok

58 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,a j.d lrk m%foaY
Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,a j.d ìï" m%Odk jYfhka l,dm lsym s hlg ixflakøa Kh ù ;sfí' ^4'5
is;h s ldaKh˜ ^Coconut Triangle) f,i ye¢kafjk fld<U" l=reKE.,"
s u& —fmd,a ;%f
y,dj; hd lrk fmd,a j.d m%foaYh;a —iq¿ fmd,a ;%f s ldaKh˜ ^Minor Coconut
Triangle) f,i ye¢kafjk rkak" ñoafoksh" ;x.,a," iïnkaO flfrk m%foaYh;a
tjeks m%foaYj,g ksoiqka fõ' tu m%foaYj,ska neyer j fld<U isg ;x.,a, olajd
fjr< ;Srfha (coastal belt) o uvl,mqj" hdmkh jeks m%foaYj, o fmd,a j.dj jHdma;
j we;' f.j;= j.djla f,i Èjhsfka iEu m%foaYhl u mdfya fmd,a j.d flf¾'

4'5 is;shu
Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,a j.dj jHdma; ù we;s m%foaY" fmd,a ksIamdok iy tA wdY%s; udkj ls%hdldrlï
uQ,dY%h - .=Kfiak *s,smaia f,dal is;shï fmd; ^2009&
weiqßka ilia lrk ,È'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 59

Y%S ,xldfõ j.d ìï m%udKfhka 28] muK fmd,a j.djg fhdÞf.k we;s w;r
fuu ìï m%udKh fojeks jkafka ù j.djg mu‚' ¨Kqú, yd weô,smsáh fmd,a
m¾fhaIK wdh;k u.ska fmd,a j.dj jHdma; lsÍu i|yd wjYH lghq;= lrkq
,efí' Y%S ,xldfõ úYd, m%foaYhl fmd,a j.dj jHdma; ùu flfrys tu m%foaYj,
mj;sk"
²² 2000mm - 2500mm w;r j¾Idm;kh
²² 200C-270C idudkH WIaK;ajh
²² ,jK ñY% je,s mi yd /,s ìu (undulated land)
²² Y%uh ,nd.ekSfï myiqj
²² foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fjf<|fmd< jeks idOl fya;= ù ;sfí'
Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,a ksIamdok m%udKh 4'3 j.=fjka ±lafõ'

4'3 j.=j
Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,a ksIamdok m%udKh
2012 j¾Ifha § YS% ,xldfõ j.d
^2008-2012&
ìïj,ska fylaghdr 395"000 fmd,a
j.djg fhdojd we;' j.d lr we;s j¾Ih fmd,a f.ä m%udKh
ìï m%udKh yd ksmojkq ,nk ñ,shk
fmd,a m%udKh wkqj 2012 j¾Ifha § 2008 2909
f,dalfha fmd,a ksmojk rgj,a w;r 2009 2853
Y%S ,xldjg y;rjk ia:dkh ysñ ù
2010 2584
;sfí' tu j¾Ifha § fmd,a j.dfjka
,o wdÞhu remsh,a ñ,shk 65551ls' 2011 2808
2012 2940
uQ,dY%h - YS% ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj 2012
uQ,dY%h - YS% ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj ^iudc
wd¾Ól o;a; 2013

Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,a ksIamdokfhka jeä fldgila foaYSh mßfNdackhg .kakd

neúka ckixLHdj jeä ùu;a iu. .Dyia: mßfNdackh (domestic consumption) o
jeä fjñka mj;S'

l%shdldrlï
1' Y%S ,xld wdlD;s is;shul nyq, j fmd,a j.d lrk Èia;%slal myla ,l=Kq
lr kï lrkak'
2' w;S;fha isg fmd,a .i" lmarel f,i ye¢kaùug fya;= meyeÈ,s lrkak'
3' 4'2 j.=fjys o;a; fhdÞ .ksñka Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,a ksIamdok m%udKh ;Sre
m%ia;drhlska olajd tA ms<sn| j woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'
4' fmd,a j.dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Tn lrk fhdackd myla i|yka lrkak'

60 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

 mejreï
1' fmd,a .fiys úúO fldgia wdY%s; ksIamdok we;=<;a lrñka my; i|yka
j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
fmd,a uoh fmd,a lgqj fmd,a u, fmd,a w;= fmd,a l| fmd,a f,,s

2' —fmd,a .i lmarells˜ hk f;audj hgf;a mska;+r" j.=" m%ia;dr we;=<;aa

lafIa;% fmd;la ms<sfh, lrkak'
3' mka;s ldurh w,xldr lsÍug fmd,a wdY%s; wuqøjH Ndú; lrñka úis;=re
NdKav lsysmhla ks¾udKh lrkak'

rn¾ j.dj
iq¿ j;= j.djla jYfhka wdrïN jQ rn¾ j.dj" flá ld,hla ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ
m%foaY rdYshl jHdma; ù ;sfí' 1890 § muK ì%;dkH cd;sl fykaß úlayeï úiska
.ïmy wia.sßh fykr;af.dv WoHdkfha uq,a u rn¾ me<h frdamKh lrk ,È'
tfia y÷kajd ÿka rn¾ j.dj j¾;udkh jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ j;= lDIsl¾ufha m%Odk
j.djla njg m;a j ;sfí' rn¾ j.dj" Y%S ,xldfõ N+ñ mßfNda.fha (land utilization)
jeo.;a ;ekla ysñlr .kakd w;r u /lshd iemhSfï ud¾.hla f,i o wmkhk
wdodhï bmhSfï ud¾.hla f,i o jeo.;a fõ' my; i|yka f;dr;=re wOHhkh
lsÍfuka th jvd;a meyeÈ,s fõ'
2012 jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ rn¾ ìï m%udKh fylaghdr 131"000 muK úh'
ksIamdok m%udKh lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 152'0ls' Wmhk ,o wdÞhu remsh,a
ñ,shk 50"255ls'
uQ,dY%h - Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj - 2012

m<uq yd fojk f,dal hqo iufha rn¾j,g we;s jQ b,a¨u" rn¾ j.dfõ jHdma;sh yd
ksIamdokh j¾Okh ùug fya;= úh'
Y%S ,xldfõ f;;a l,dmSh m%foaYj, rn¾ j.dj jeä jYfhka jHdma; ù we;s nj
4'6 is;shfuka meyeÈ,s fõ' lE.,a," r;akmqr iy l¿;r m%Odk jYfhka rn¾
j.d lrk Èia;%slal jk w;r fld<U" .ïmy iy .d,a, rn¾ j.d lrk wfkl=;a
Èia;%slal fõ'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 61

ta yereKq úg ud;f,a" uykqjr" ud;r" nÿ,a," yïnkaf;dg" fudKrd., jeks
Èia;%slalj, o rn¾ j.dj iq¿ jYfhka olakg ,efí' ±kg uq,;sõ" jõkshdj jeks
Èia;%slalj, o rn¾ j.dj jHdma; lsÍug lghq;= lrkq ,efí'

4'6 is;shu
Y%S ,xldfõ rn¾ j.dj jHdma; ù we;s m%foaY" rn¾ ksIamdok yd tA wdY%s; udkj l%shdldrlï
uQ,dY%h - .=Kfiak *s,smaia f,dal is;shï fmd; ^2009&
weiqßka ilia lrk ,È'

62 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 62

rn¾ j.dfõ jHdma;sh flfrys tu m%foaYj, mj;sk"
²² 2000mm jeä j¾Idm;kh
²² 270C muK idudkH WIaK;ajh
²² lfndla ñY% r;= mi (laterite soil)
²² u| nEjqï (gentle slopes) iys; 300m jvd wvq Wia ìï m%foaY
²² m
qyqKq Y%uh" m%jdyk myiqj" cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmd< yd foaYSh fjf<|fmd<
hk idOl fya;= ù ;sfí'
uq,a ld,fha § úfoaYSh fjf<|fmd<g wuqøjHhla jYfhka rn¾ wmkhkh l< o
j¾;udkfha § foaYSh l¾udka;lrejka úiska wuqøjHhla f,i rn¾ Ndú; lrñka
ilia lrk ,o úúO ksIamdok" fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lrkq ,efí' rn¾ wdY%s;
úúO ksIamdok lsysmhla 4'5 rEmfha ±lafõ'

4'5 rEmh
rn¾ wdY%s; úúO ksIamdok

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 63

w.,j;af;a msysá rn¾ m¾fhaIK wdh;kh u.ska rn¾ j.dj jHdma; lsÍu yd
jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu Wfoid m¾fhaIK isÿlsÍu" jHdma; fiajd yd Wmfoia ,nd §u
isÿ flf¾' Y%S ,xldfõ rn¾ ksIamdok" hqfrdamd ix.ufha rgj,g o ^Tiaá%hdj"
fn,aðhu" m%xYh" c¾uksh" .%Sish" b;d,sh jeks rgj,a& bkaÈhdj" Ökh" cmdkh"
fydxfldx" mdlsia;dkh yd weußld tlai;a ckmoh jeks rgj,g o wmkhkh
flf¾'

l%shdldrlï
1' Y%S ,xldjg y÷kajd ÿka m<uq rn¾ me<h isgqjk ,oafoa l=uk ia:dkhl o@
2' rn¾ j.dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfuka Y%S ,xldjg wd¾Ól jYfhka ,nd .; yels
m%fhdack meyeÈ,s lrkak'
3' Y%S ,xldfõ rn¾ nyq, j j.d lrk m%Odk Èia;%slal myla iy rn¾ m¾fhaIK
wdh;kh msysá ia:dkh Y%S ,xld wdlD;s is;shul ,l=Kq lr kï lrkak'
mejreï
1' rn¾ wuqøjH wdY%s; úúO ksIamdok we;=<;a lrñka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
wuqøjH ksIamdok
rn¾ lsß
rn¾ ±j
rn¾ weg
2' rn¾ .ilska ,nd .; yels úúO m%fhdack we;=<;a lr mka;s ldurfhys
m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh lrkak'

iq¿ wmkhk fNda. (Minor Export Crops)

idïm%odhsl wmkhkj,g wu;r j wmkhkh i|yd l=vd mßudKfhka j.d lrk
lDIsld¾ñl fNda." iq¿ wmkhk fNda. f,i y÷kajd Èh yels h'
Y%S ,xld rch úiska 60 oYlfhka miqj iq¿ wmkhk fNda. flfrys úfYaI wjOdkhla
fhduq lrkq ,eî h' Bg fya;= jQfha"
²² idïm%odhsl wmkhkj, (traditional exports) ñ, WÉpdjpkh ^price fluctuation)
ùu'
²² f;a" fmd,a" rn¾ jeks idïm%odhsl wmkhk flfrys muKla n,dfmdfrd;a;=
;eìh fkdyels ùu'
²² úfoaY úksuh ms<sn| .eg¨ u;= ùu'
²² f,dal fjf<|fmdf<a iq`M wmkhk fNda.j,g b,a¨u jeä ùu'

64 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

 ²² iq¿ wmkhk fNda. j.d lsÍfuka foaYSh ck;djf.a wdodhu jeä lr
.; yels ùu'
²² f;a" rn¾" fmd,a j.d l< fkdyels ìïj, iq¿ wmkhk fNda. j.d
l< yels ùu'
²² iq¿ wmkhk fNda. w;=re j.djla (intercropping) f,i o j.d l< yels ùu'
²² /lshd wjia:d ìys ùu jeks lreKq h'

4'6 rEmh
iq¿ wmkhk fNda.
1972 iq¿ wmkhk fNda. fomd¾;fïka;=j (Department of Minor Export Crops)
msysgqùfuka miq j idïm%Þhsl iq¿ wmkhk fNda.j,g wu;r j wmkhk fNda.
úúOdx.SlrK jevms<sfj< (export crops diversification programme) hgf;a u,a"
m,;=re" ñßia" nq,;a" rglcq" úis;=re me<" t<j¿ jeks kj fNda. wmkhkh i`oyd
tla úh' 2010 § msysgqjkq ,enQ lDIs wmkhk uKav,h (Agro Export Board) u.ska
o fï i|yd úYd, fufyhla bgq lrkq ,efí' ud;f,a msysá iq¿ wmkhk fNda.
m¾fhaIK wdh;kh (Minor Export Crop Research Institute) u.ska wjYH Wmfoia
,nd§u isÿ flf¾'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 65

 4'4 j.=j
iq¿ wmkhk fNda. j.d flfrk m%foaY

iq¿ wmkhk fNda.h jHdma;s m%foaY$ Èia;%slal

l=re÷ ó.uqfõ isg ud;r olajd fjr< ;Srfha ;ekska ;ek
o r;akmqr" yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalj, o j.d flf¾'
fldams l¿;r" r;akmqr" lE.,a," .ïmy" ud;f,a" uykqjr
.ïñßia uykqjr" ud;f,a" lE.,a,
lrouqx.= uykqjr" lE.,a," r;akmqr" ud;f,a" ud;r
lrdnq keá ud;f,a" uykqjr" lE.,a,
idÈlald ud;f,a" uykqjr" r;akmqr
lcq ukakdru" yïnkaf;dg" mq;a;,u
me`.sß ud;r" yïnkaf;dg
u,a j¾. kqjrt<sh" nÿ,a," nKavdrfj,

óg wu;r j .¾lska" me‚ flduvq" flfi,a" nvbß`.=" úis;=re me<" u,a j¾. uyje,s
ixj¾Ok l,dmj, (Mahaweli Development Zones) fuka u f.j;= j.djla f,i
fiiq m%foaYj, o j.d lrkq ,efí'

l%shdldrlï
1' Y%S ,xld wdlD;s is;shul tla tla iq¿ wmkhk fNda. j.d lrk Èia;%slalh
ne.ska ,l=Kq lr kï lrkak'
2' iq¿ wmkhk fNda. j.d lsÍfuka ,nd .; yels m%fhdack folla meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

mejreï
1' Y%S ,xldfõ j.d lrk idïm%odhsl iq¿ wmkhk fNda. yd idïm%odhsl
fkdjk iq¿ wmkhk fNda. (non traditional minor export crops) we;=<;a
lrñka my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
idïm%odhsl iq¿ wmkhk fNda. idïm%odhsl fkdjk iq¿ wmkhk fNda.

2' Tnf.a f.j;af;ys fyda mdi,a N+ñfhys iq¿ wmkhk fNda. Whkla ilia
lr th mj;ajdf.k hkak'

66 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

t<j¿ yd m,;=re
wm wdydrhg .kakd t<j¿ yd m,;=re fndfyduhla Y%S ,xldfõ ljr m<d;l jqj o
j.d l< yels fõ' l=vd bvï len,sj, jHdmdßl uÜgñka o w;=re fNda. jYfhka fyda
f.j;= j.djla jYfhka o t<j¿ yd m,;=re j.d flf¾' w;S;fha Y%S ,xldfõ t<j¿
j.dj iïnkaOfhka úfYaIs; l,dm y÷kd .ekSug yels úh'

uqrex.d" jÜglald " lelsß"

;lald,s" uElr,a" jïngq" úh<s l,dmh
lrú, hkdÈh
nKavlald" uElr,a" mf;da,"
jegfld`M hkdÈh f;;a l,dmh

,Slaia" f.dajd" fndaxÑ" lerÜ"

fkdaflda,a" w¾;dm,a"
îÜ hkdÈh l÷rg l,dmh

4'7 rEmh
Y%S ,xldfõ j.d lrk t<j¿ j¾.

tfia jqj o j¾;udkfha § ;dlAIKh ÈhqKq ùu;a iuÕ u Y%S ,xldfõ fndfyda
m%foaYj, fuu t<j¿ j.d lrkq olakg ,efí'
je,suv" nKavdrfj," nÿ,a," kqjrt<sh jeks m%foaYj, j¾Id c,fhka fuka u
c,iïmdokfhka (irrigation systems) o ukd l<ukdldß;ajhla hgf;a jHdmdßl
uÜgñka t<j`M j.d flf¾' úYd, lïlre msßila fï i|yd fhdojd f.k we;s
w;r i;a;aj f.dúm<j,ska ,nd .kakd fMkaøSh fmdfydr o fï i|yd Ndú;hg
.efka'
ta yereKq úg nÿ,a," ud;f,a" uykqjr" yïnkaf;dg" wkqrdOmqrh" fudKrd.,"
wïmdr" hdmkh jeks Èia;%slalj, o foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fjf<|fmd< i|yd úYd,
jYfhka t<j¿ j.d flf¾'

m,;=re

fi!LH iïmkak Ôú;hlg w;HjYH jk m,;=re" uE; ld,fha isg Y%S ,xldfõ
úúO m%foaYj, ixúOdkd;aul j j.d flf¾' Y%S ,xldfõ m,;=re i|yd foaYSh fuka
u úfoaYSh fjf<|fmd<la o mj;S' jHdmdßl uÜgñka j.d lrk m,;=re f,i
flfi,a" wkakdis" wU" je,a fodvï" ñÈ" .ia,nq" fodvï" w,sfmar wdÈh jeo.;a fõ'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 67

flfi,a" yïnkaf;dg" fudKrd.," r;akmqrh" jeks Èia;%slalj, o fmhd¾ia" ñÈ"
iafg%dafnß jeks m,;=re kqjrt<sh" nÿ,a," hdmkh jeks Èia;%slalj, o j.d flf¾'
tA yereKq úg mßfNdackh i|yd Èjhsfka iEu m%foaYhl u jdf.a úúO m,;=re
j.d lrkq ,efí' fï m,;=re kejqï m,;=re f,i o len,s yd fm;s f,i weiqreï
lsÍfuka o úc,kh lrk ,o m,;=re ( Dehydrated fruits) f,i o wmkhkh flf¾'

4'8 rEmh
Y%S ,xldfõ j.d lrk m,;=re j¾.

l%shdldrlï
1' kqjrt<sh" yïnkaf;dg" wkqrdOmqrh" fudKrd.," nÿ,a," jeks Èia;%slalj,
nyq, f,i j.d flfrk t<j¿ j¾. iy m,;=re j¾. kï lrkak'
2' foaYSh t<j¿ yd m,;=re j.dj iy tA wdY%s; l¾udka; kxjd,Su i|yd
Tnf.a fhdackd bÈßm;a lrkak'

mejreï
1' Tnf.a f.j;af;a fyda mdi,a N+ñh ;=< N+ñ w,xlrKh i|yd t<j¿
m,;=re j¾. fhdÞ.ksñka md;a;s ilia lr th mj;ajdf.k hkak'
2' m,;=rej,ska ksmojk w;=re ksIamdok f,aLkhla ilia lrkak'
3' m,;=re l,a;nd.; yels l%u ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ialr bÈßm;a lrkak'

68 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

i;a;ajmd,kh (Livestock farming)
i;a;ajmd,kh lDIsl¾uh yd ne÷Kq l%shdj,shls' Y%S ,xldfõ uE; ld,fha isg
i;a;ajmd,kh flfrys úfYAI wjOdkhla fhduq ù ;sfí'
²² ck;djf.a fmdaIK uÜgu by< kexùu'
²² .%dóh m%foaYj, ck;djg /lshd wjia:d ,nd§u'
²² j.d lghq;= i|yd fhdod .; fkdyels wdka;sl ìïj,ska (bare lands)
Wmßu m%fhdack ,nd.ekSu'
²² f.dú ck;djg w;sf¾l wdÞhï ud¾.hla i,id §u'
²² lDIsl¾udka;hg wjYH fmdfydr ,nd §u'
²² úfoaY úksuh (foreign exchange) bmhSu yd b;sß lsÍu jeks lreKq Bg fya;=
úh'
i;a;ajmd,kh hgf;a Y%S ,xldfõ lsßmÜá md,kh ms<sn| j fuys § wjOdkh fhduq
lrkq ,efí'

lsßmÜá md,kh (Dairy farming)

Y%S ,dxlsl ck;djf.a fmdaIK uÜgu by< kexùu fuka u wdkhkh lrkq ,nk
lssßmsá m%udKh i|yd jeh jk úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr .ekSu i|yd o foaYSh lsß
ksIamdokh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï wjYH;dj u;= j we;' tneúka i;a;ajmd,kfha §
lsßmÜá md,kh ms<sn| j rcfha fuka u ck;djf.a o wjOdkh fhduq ù ;sfí'

Y%S ,xldfõ kqjrt<sh" nÿ,a," fmdf<dkakrej" yïnkaf;dg" wïmdr" wkqrdOmqrh"

l=reKE.," iy uvl,mqj jeks Èia;%slalj, m%Odk jYfhka .j md,kh isÿ flf¾'
Y%S ,xldfõ ó .jhkaf.ka 2$3la u we;s lrkq ,nkafka úh<s l,dmSh m%foaYj, h'

lsßmÜá md,kh ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd wfòfj," lkka ú ," j,a m s g jeks m¾fha I K
uOHia:dk u.sk a kj fokqk a j¾. yd ;DK j¾. y÷ka j d §u fuka u wjYH
Wmfoia ,nd §u o isÿ flf¾' ls ß .j iïm;a yq j udre lr .ekS u i|yd
ójkm,dk lsß .j iïm;a uOHia: dkhla (Dairy Cattle Centre) ms y s g q j d ;s f í'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 69

 4'7 is;shu
Y%S ,xldfõ lsßmÜá md,kh lrk m%Odk m%foaY" lsß ksIamdok yd tA wdY%s; udkj l%shdldrlï
uQ,dY%h - iqir is;shï fmd; ^2011&
weiqßka ilia lrk ,È'

70 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

lsß wdY%s; ksIamdok

Y%S ,xldfõ Èhr lsß ksIamdokh uE;l isg m%p,s; fjñka mj;S' 4'9 rEmfhka
±lafjkafka lsß wdY%s; ksIAmdok lsysmhls'

4'9 rEmh
lsß wdY%s; ksIamdok lsysmhla

l%shdldrlï
1' Y%S ,xldfõ wdlD;s is;shul lsßmÜá md,kh isÿlrk Èia;%slal ;=kla
,l=Kq lr kï lrkak'
2' Y%S ,xldfõ lsß ksIamdok jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd rch f.k we;s l%shdud¾.
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
3' lsßmÜá md,kh ÈhqKq lsÍfuka Y%S ,dxflah ck;djg ,nd.; yels m%fhdack
ksoiqka foñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mejreu
Y%S ,xldfõ lsß wdY%s; ksIamdok we;=<;a f,aLkhla ilia lrkak'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 71

ëjr l¾udka;h ^Fisheries industry)
Y%S ,xld wd¾Òlfha jeo.;a wxYhla f,i ëjr l¾udka;h i|yka l< yels h' ëjr
l¾udka;h i|yd ys;lr idOl rdYshla Y%S ,xldfõ mj;S' tkï"
²² Y%S ,xldj id.rfhka jgjQ ¥m;la ùu'
²² Èjhsk jgd È.= fjr< ;Srhla mej;Su'
²² mq¿,a uydoaùmsl ;glh (wide continental shelf)
²² fndl= ^bays)" l,mq ^lagoons) yd jrdhka ^harbours) msysgd ;sîu'
²² .x.d" we<fod<" jeõ yd c,dY mej;Su'
²² fudaiï ld,j, Èhje,a l%shdldß;ajh (ocean currents) ksid u;aiH wdydr
nyq, ( plankton) ùu jeks idOl jeo.;a fõ'
11026'6ZW-83022'0Zke
11016'0ZW-82024'4Zke

S d0j
iu
q ÿq 10 08'4ZW-80 46'0Zke
0

le,sñh¾ ;=vqj u y
d
100 bkaoshdj S% ,xl 10005'0ZW-80003'0Zke
h ÿ a Yls
bk s di a
ik
êa

y a &
f mft; oY
% % oY
mf
c, r c, fmaÿre ;=vqj
uøq
a ai

a
;
Hk
fmdl

^wN

rdfïIajru
dj
iu

uk
;f,hsukakdru
S

k
a
qfn drï
ufqy
ÿ

dll a
t;ys dil s
c, mf
08022'2ZW-78055'4Zke ^rdIÁ
A h
% oaY
% uy q oq &
Y%S ,xldj
80 4&
lkHd l=udß & & 0'0
'02 '04 34
22 44 s'ó
'
s ' ó' s'ó' ^l
^l ^l 0
12 4 20
e' e' 2 '
xld

i i ie
d' ' d'
k kd
S% ,

k
ÿa Y

fld<U
bk

60 q oq
y
% u
A h
Á
rdI q oq
uy
hdn|
mru wd¾

mru wd¾Ól l,dmh iy

Ól

04047'04ZW-77001'40Zke
¥IK je<elaùfï l,dmh
l,
dmh
iy

40
¥I
K
je
<e
laù

ï
f

l,
dm
fh
an
dysr
iSudj

780 820 840

4'8 is;shu
Y%S ,xldfõ wkkH wd¾Ól l,dmh
uQ,dY%h - .=Kfiak *s,smaia f,dal is;shï fmd; ^2003&
weiqßka ilia lrk ,È'
72 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'
 4'8 is;shu
Y%S ,xldfõ ëjr l¾udka;fha jHdma;sh iy tA wdY%s; udkj l%shdldrlï
uQ,dY%h - .=Kfiak *s,smaia f,dal is;shï fmd; ^2003&
weiqßka ilia lrk ,È'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 73

ëjr l¾udka;fha jeo.;alu
²² ck;djf.a wdydrh i|yd wjYH fm%daàka ,nd .ekSu'
²² ëjr ksIamdok i|yd mq¿,a foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fjf<|fmd<la mej;Su'
²² /lshd wjia:d Wodlr.; yels ùu'
²² ëjr ksIma dok wf,ú lsÍfuka úfoaY úksuh Wmhd .; yels ùu'
²² ëjr l¾udka;h ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd wjYH úNj iïm;a mej;Su jeks fya;= u;
ëjr l¾udka;h Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfhys b;d jeo.;a fldgila f,i y÷kd.;
yels h'
jHdma; j we;s m%foaY wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ ëjr l¾udka;h m%Odk fldgia ;=klg
fnÈh yels h'
1' lrÈh ëjr l¾udka;h (Marine fishing industry)
2' ñßÈh ëjr l¾udka;h ^Fresh water fishing industry)
3' lsjq,aÈh ëjr l¾udka;h (Brackish water fishing industry) ^foÈh ëjr
l¾udka;h&

lrÈh ëjr l¾udka;h

Y%S ,xldjg wh;a wkkH wd¾Ól l,dmh (Exclusive Economic Zone) ;=< flfrk
ëjr l¾udka;h fuhg wh;a fõ' tys m%Odk wxY folls'
²² fjr<dikak fyj;a uydoaùmsl ;glh ;=< ëjr l¾udka;h (fishing in
continental shelf)
²² .eUqre uqyqfoa ëjr l¾udka;h (Deep sea fishing)

fjr<dikak ëjr l¾udka;h

Y%S ,xldfõ jeä u u;aiH ksIamdokhla ,nd .kafka fjr<dikak l,dmfhks'

ukakdrfï isg yïnkaf;dg olajd;a uvl,mqfõ isg hdmkh olajd;a fjr<dikak
l,dmh ;=<" ëjr l¾udka;h nyq, f,i jHdma; j we;'
²² u;aiH wdydr jk ma,ekalagka nyq, ùu'
x.d" we<fod< u.ska f.fkk fMkaøSh fmdfydr wxY= (Organic particles)
²² .
fjr<nv l,dmfha ;ekam;a ùu'
²² Èhje,aj, (currents) l%shdldß;ajh ksid u;aiH wdydr u;=msgg meñŒu'
fujeks idOl fya;= fldg f.k fjr<dikak l,dmfha id,hd" yd,aueiaid"
yqre,a,d" wegj,a,d" iQvhd" .,aud¨" w,.=vqjd jeks l=vd uiqka nyq, fõ'

74 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

.eUqre uqyqfoa ëjr l¾udka;h

rdcH wkq.%yh hgf;a fuka u fm!oa.,sl jHdmdßlhka úiska lrf.k hkq ,nk
.eUqre uqyqfoa ëjr l¾udka;fha § ;,m;a" f;dard" fudard" fldmamrd" fl,j,a,d"
n,hd jeks úYd, uiqka w,a,d .ekSu isÿ flf¾'

uiqka we,a,Su i|yd" úúO wdïmkak fhdÞ .kakd w;r tjeks wdïmkak lsysmhla
4'10 rEmfhka ±lafõ'

4'10 rEmh
ëjr l¾udka;fha § Ndú; jk wdïmkak

ñßÈh ëjr l¾udka;h

Y%S ,xldfõ rg wNHka;rfha we;s .x.d" jeõ" fmdl=Kq" we<fod< wdY%s; j flfrk
ëjr l¾udka;h fuhg wh;aa fõ' Æ,d" lkhd" u.=rd" fldr,shd" f.dvhd" yqx.d"
uiafm;shd" ldjhshd" ;v,hd jeks uiqka" ñßÈh uiqka f,i jeo.;a fõ'

j¾;udkfha § jeõ yd c,dYj, .%dia ldma ^Grass Carp&" ì.afyâ ldma ^Big head
carp&" is,aj¾ ldma ^Silver Carp&" leÜ,d ^Catla&" frdyq ^Rohu&" ;s,dmshd ^Thilapia&
.=rdñ jeks uiqka fnda lrkq ,efí' ñßÈh ëjr l¾udka;fha § c,Ôù j.dj fuka
u úis;=re uiqka (ornamental fish) fnda lsÍu" uiqka wdydrhg .kakd me<Eá j.d
lsÍu jeks lghq;= o isÿ flf¾'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 75

 4'11 rEmh
Y%S ,xldfõ ñßÈh uiqka
lsjq,a Èh ëjr l¾udka;h

ls f,daógr 1760la muK jQ Y%S ,xldfõ fjr< ;S r fha ia : dk /il fuu ëjr
lghq; = isÿ flf¾' hdmkh" mq;a;,u" uq ka o ,u" y,dj;" ó.uq j " fmd,a j ;a ;
.`." u,, l,mqj " wdre.ï fndlal jeks m% f oa Y ls j q ,a Èh ëjr l¾udka ; h
flfrk m%Odk m%f oaY fõ' .xfudah (Estuaries)" l,mq (Lagoons) jeks lrÈh yd
ñßÈh wdY%s; m%f oaY lsj q, a Èh ëjr l¾udka ; h i|yd jvd;a fhda . H fõ' fuu
m% foaYj," lfvd,dk Ydl mej;Su" .x.d we<fod<j,s ka fMkaøSh øjH f.k
ta u jeks fya; = u; fjkia jk ,jK;djg (salinity) Tfrd;a ; = fok uiq ka j¾.
nyq, fõ' y,dj;" ó.uqj " mq;a;,u jeks m% f oa Y j, bia ika yd ll= ¿ jka we;s
ls Íu jHdmdßl uÜgñka isÿ flf¾' oekg nyq cd;s l iud.ï (Multi National
Corporations) u.sk a biai ka fnda lsÍu i|yd wdOdr fokq ,efí'

lsjq,a Èh uiqka

4'12 rEmh
Y%S ,xldfõ lsjq,a Èh uiqka

76 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

 l%shdldrlï
1' lsjq,a Èh ëjr l¾udka;fha jdis iy wjdis ;=k ne.ska ,shkak'
2' YS% ,xldfõ ëjr l¾udka;h k.d isgqùu i|yd rch f.k we;s mshjr
;=kla úia;r lrkak'

mejreu
Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólhg ëjr l¾udka;h k.d isgqùfï we;s jeo.;alu ms<sn|
j ck;dj ±kqj;a lsÍu i|yd w;a m;%sldjla ilia lrkak'

Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsl¾udka;h wdY%s; .eg¨ yd m%jK;d

YS% ,xldfõ lDIsl¾udka;h wdY%s; j úúO .eg¨ mek ke.S we;' tAjd N+ñ mßfNda.
wdY%s; .eg¨" ksIamdokh wdY%s; .eg¨" fjf<|du wdY%s; .eg¨ yd mdßißl .eg¨
jYfhka fnÞ ±laúh yels h'

N+ñ mßfNda.h wdY%s; .eg¨

²² bvï ys`.h yd bvï len,s ùu (fragmentation)' ^ksoiqka - ù" f;a" fmd,a" rn¾
j.djka wdY%s; j&
²² l=Uqre bvï f.dv lsÍu'
²² lDIsld¾ñl ìï fjk;a wjYH;d i|yd fhoùu' ^ksoiqka - fmd,a" rn¾ bvï
lÜá lsÍu&
²² ck ixLHdj jeä ùu;a iuÕ ksjdi yd ixj¾Ok lghq;=j,g bvï fhoùu'
²²
tl u ìul §¾>ld,Sk j j.d lghq;= isÿ lsÍu ksid wiajekak wvq ùu
^ksoiqka - ù" f;a" fmd,a" rn¾&

ksIamdokh wdY%s; .eg¨

²² j;= mer‚ ùu ksid wiajekak wvq ùu' ^ksoiqka - f;a" rn¾" fmd,a&
²² bvï len,s ùu ksid hka;%iQ;% Ndú;h wvq ùu'
²² ìï tAllhlska ,nd.kakd wiajekak wvq ùu'
^ksoiqka - ù" f;a" iq¿ wmkhk fNda.&
²² úh<s l,dmSh m%foaYj, c, ys`.h yd f;;a l,dmSh m%foaYj, c, w;sßla;h
(excess water) ^ksoiqka - ù&
²² fmdfydr ñ, by< hdu'
²² mqyqKq Y%u (skilled labour) ys`.h yd ;reK mrmqr lDIsld¾ñl lafIa;%fha
/lshdj,g wlue;s ùu'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 77

 ²² wys;lr WmlrK Ndú;h yd ydkslr l%ufõo Ndú;h' ^ksoiqka - ëjr
l¾udka;h i|yd&
²² ksIamdok úhou wêl ùu ksid f.dùkaf.a Kh.e;s (indebted) nj jeä ùu'
²² l¾udka;Yd,d kùlrKh fkdùu' ^ksoiqka - f;a" rn¾&
²² kj fokqka yd i;a;aj wdydrj, ñ, wêl ùu" kv;a;= úhoï wêl ùu'
^ksoiqka - lsßmÜá md,kh&
²² ëjr hd;%d" ëjr wdïmkak" YS;d.dr iy bkaOk i|yd jk msßjeh by< hdu'
^ksoiqka - ëjr l¾udka;h&
²² m%udKj;a .nvd myiqlï" YS;d.dr myiqlï fkdue;s ùu' ^ksoiqka - ù" t<j`M"
m,;=re" ud¿" lsß&
²² wjYH m%jdyk myiqlï fkdue;s ùu' ^ksoiqka - ëjr ksIamdok" lsß" t<j`M
m,;=re&
²² lïlre .eg¨ yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s .eg¨ we;s ùu' ^ksoiqka - f;a" fmd,a" rn¾&
²² ;dlaIKh ms<sn| fkd±kqj;alu yd mqyqKqjla fkdue;s ùu'
²² hka;%iQ;% ñ, by< hdu'
²² m%ñ;shlska f;dr îc Ndú;h ksid fjf<|fmd< b,a¨ug iß,k mßÈ
ksIamdokh m%udKj;a fkdùu' ^ksoiqka - t<j¿" m,;=re&
²² j.d iykdOdr (subsidies) jevms<sfj< l%uj;a fkd ùu'
²² bvï N=la;sfha .eg¨ ksid Kh iykdOdr ,nd .ekSfï wmyiqj ^ksoiqka - iq¿
wmkhk fNda.&

fjf<|du iïnkaO .eg¨

²² ksIamdok ñ,§ .ekSfï uOHia:dk m%udKj;a fkdùu' ^ksoiqka - ù" t<j¿"
m,;=re" lsß&
²² w;rueÈhkaf.a .%yKhg yiq ùu ksid f.dúhdf.a wdÞhu wvq ùu'
^ksoiqka - ù" t<j¿" m,;=re" lsß" ud¿&
²² cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmdf<a § ñ, WÉpdjpkh ùu'
²² wdfoaYk NdKavj,ska t,a, jk ;r.h
ksoiqka - rn¾ - lD;%su rn¾"
f;a - úúO mdkj¾. ^fldldflda,d" fmmais&
²² fjk;a rgj,aj,ska t,a, jk ;r.h
ksoiqka - f;a - flkahdj
rn¾ - uef,aishdj
²² foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fjf<|fmdf<a ia:djr ñ,la fkd;sîu'

78 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

 ²² foaYSh mßfNdackh jeä ùu ksid wmkhkh iSud ùu' ^ksoiqka - ù" fmd,a&
²² .=Kd;aulnúka wvq ksIamdok cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmd<g heùu'
ksoiqka - Y%S ,xld f;aj,g fjk;a f;a j¾. ñY% lsÍu

mdßißl .eg¨
²² lDñ yd jix.; frda.j,g (epidemics) ,laùu'
ksoiqka - fmd,a - l=reñ‚ frda.h" uhsgd wdl%uK
t<j¿ yd m,;=re - msá ul=Kd fndaùu
.j mÜá md,kh - .j l=r frda.h
²² .xj;=r" kdhhdï" ksh`." wêl j¾Idm;kh u.ska j.d ydks isÿ ùu'
²² iq<x" Èhje,a yd iqkdñ ;;a;aj u.ska ëjr l¾udka;fha .eg¨ u;= ùu'
²² fmdfydr" lDñkdYl" j,akdYl fhdÞ .ekSfuka c,h" f.dvìu" jdhqj ¥IKh
ùu ksid fi!LHuh .eg¨ we;s ùu'
²² mßir moaO;sfha meje;aug wjYH Ydl iy i;=ka j|ùu'
²² wys;lr Ydl yd i;a;aj fldgia mßirhg tl;= ùu'

lDIsl¾udka;fha m%jK;d
ksIamdokh wdY%s; m%jK;d
²² ksIamdokh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd iykdOdr ,nd§u'
²² lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok úúOdx.SlrKh (Diversification).
ksoiqka - f;a - laI‚l f;a" yß; f;a" fldaäh,a
fmd,a - úúO úis;=re ksIamdok
iy,a - msá" kQâ,aia" rileú,s
²² foaYSh mßfNdackh jeä ùu ^ksoiqka - fmd,a" t<j¿" m,;=re" lsß" ud¿&
²² lDIsfNda. wdY%s; w;=re fNda. j.dj y÷kajd §u
ksoiqka - fmd,a j.d ìïj, - wkakdis" nq,;a" je,a fÞvï" .ïñßia j.d lsÍu'
rn¾ j.d ìïj, - l=re÷" fldam"s .ïñßia j.d lsÍu'
²² m¾fhaIK wdh;k u.ska ksh`. yd c,.e,Sïj,g Tfrd;a;= fok îc j¾.
y÷kajd §u" cdk ;dlaIKh ^gene technology) yd laf,daklrKh (cloning)
u.ska jeä M,Þjla ,ndfok îc j¾. y÷kajd §u'
ksoiqka - BG 407, BG 450, AT 307, udù jeks ù j¾.
fmd,a wdY%s; lmafi; ^CRISL 2013) (Coconut Research Institute
of Sri Lanka)" lmaiqjh ^CRISL 2012& jeks m%fNao

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 79

 ²² kj j.d ìï j.djka i|yd fhdojd .ekSu'
ksoiqka - rn¾ j.dj - jõkshdj" uq,;sõ Èia;%slalj,
fmd,a j.dj - úh<s l,dmSh m%foaYj,$uyje,s m%foaYj,
²² fMkaøSh fmdfydr Ndú;h m%p,s; lsÍu'
ksoiqka - l=reKE., Èia;%slalfha f.dakj, udl÷r ldnksl fmdfydr
uOHia:dkh msysgqùu

;dlaIKh wdY%s; m%jK;d

²² kùk ;dlaI‚l hka;%iQ;% fhdÞ .ekSu'
a fld< uäk hka;% (Combine harvester)"
ksoiqka ( ù j.dj i|yd - ixhql;
iq<x lrk (Fanning) hka;% " me< isgqjk hka;%
ëjr l¾udka;h - tfldaijqkav¾" fidakd¾ hka;%" pkaøsld iy f.da,Sh
ia:dk .; lsÍfï moaO;sh (GPS) jeks ;dlaI‚l l%u fhdÞ .ekSu
²² i;a;aj f.dúm,j, hdka;%SlrKh (Mechanization) jeä lsÍu'
²² kùk lsß lemSfï l%u y÷kajd §u ^rn¾&

fjf<|du wdY%s; m%jK;d
²² mdßfNda.slhkaf.a is;a weo .kakd whqßka wdl¾IŒh f,i lDIs ksIamdok
ilia lsÍu'
²² kùk weiqreï l%u Ndú;h ^ksoiqka - melÜ lsÍu" áka lsÍu" u¨ ieliSu&
²² mqoa.,sl iud.ï jHdmdßl uÜgñka úúO ksIamdok i|yd ueÈy;a ùu'
^ksoiqka - ñ,aflda" fkiaf,a" fld;auf,a jeks iud.ï&

rdcH wkq.%yh
²² wmkhk ;Sre nÿ iyk ,nd§u'
²² fjf<|fmd< fiajd mq`M,a lsÍu'
²² fmdfydr iykdOdr iemhSu' ^ksoiqka ( ù" f;a" fmd,a" rn¾" iq¿ wmkhk
fNda.&
²² úY%du jegqma yd rlaIK l%u y÷kajd §u'
²² kej; j.d lsÍu i|yd iykdOdr ,nd §u' ^ksoiqka ( f;a" fmd,a" rn¾" l=re÷&
²² jHdma;s fiajd mq¿,a lsÍu'
²² lDIs fNda. wdY%s; f.j;= w,xlrK (beautify home gardens) yd N+ñ w,xlrK
(land scaping) jevigyka y÷kajd §u'

80 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

 ²² mqyqKq uOHia:dk we;s lsÍu'
ksoiqka ( ud;f,a - iq¿ wmkhk fNda. i|yd
w.=Kfld<me,eiai - udI fNda. i|yd
.kafkdarej" ngw; - lDIs ;dlaI‚l WoHdk
²² wmkhk .ïudk (export villages) we;s lsÍu'
ksoiqka ( ù - fmdf<dkakrej yd l=reKE.,
lcq - oUfo‚h" ñßia - rdcdx.kh" nq,;a - lgq.ïfmd,
²² l
DIsl¾udka;h kÕdisgqùu i|yd Èúke.=u yd .eñ Èßh jeks jevigyka
y÷kajd §u'
l%shdldrlï
1' ^w& ù j.dj i|yd ;dlaIKh fhdod .ekSfï § u;= jk .eg¨ y;rla
i|yka lrkak'
^wd& tajd úi|d .ekSu i|yd Tn lrk fhdAckd bÈßm;a lrkak'
2' lDIsl¾uh wdY%s; .eg¨ yd m%jK;d ;=k ne.ska we;=<;a lrñka my;
i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

j.dj .eg¨ m%jK;d
ù
f;a
fmd,a
rn¾
iq¿ wmkhk fNda.

3' Y%S ,xldfõ lsßmÜá md,kfha § uqyqK §ug isÿ jk .eg¨ wju lsÍu i|yd
fhdackd y;rla bÈßm;a lrkak'

mejreu
iÕrd" mqj;am;a jeks úúO udOH m%fhdackhg .ksñka lDIsl¾uh wdY%s;
.eg¨ úi£u i|yd rch f.k we;s mshjr fudkjd±hs fidhd jd¾;djla ilia
lrkak'

Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólh ;=< lDIsl¾ufha we;s jeo.;alu

Y%S ,xldfõ úúO wd¾Ól lghq;= w;r lDIsl¾udka;hg b;d jeo.;a ;ekla ysñ fõ'
Bg fya;= lsysmhls'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 81

 ²² lDIs wxYh u.ska o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hg 11'1]l Þhl;ajhla iemhSu'
²² wmkhk wdÞhfuka 24]la lDIs wxYfhka bmhSu'
²² Y%u n,ldfhka (labour force) 31]la lDIs wxYfha /lshdj, kshq;=ùu'
²² Y
%S ,xldfõ N+ñ mßfNda.fhka jeä fldgila lDIsld¾ñl fNda.j,g fhdojd
;sîu'
²² wdydr ksIamdokhg yd l¾udka; /ilg wuqøjH iemhSu wdÈh hs'

2012 jif¾ § lDIsld¾ñl lafIa;%fha j¾Okh 5'8]ls'
^ Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj - 2012&

o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hg we;s odhl;ajh

Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl wxYh u.ska 2012 j¾Ifha § o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hg olajk
,o Þhl;ajh 11'1]la fõ' tys ixhq;sh 4'5 j.=fjka fmkakqï flf¾'
4'5 j.=j

lDIsld¾ñl wxYh u.ska o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hg we;s Þhl;ajh - 2012

wxYh o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hg we;s

Þhl;ajh ^]&
lDIsld¾ñl wxYh 11'1
1' lDIsl¾uh" mY= iïm;a iy 9'8
±j wd§ jk øjH
²² f;a 0'9
²² rn¾ 0'2
²² fmd,a 1'0
²² iq¿ wmkhk fNda. 0'4
²² ù 1'5
²² mY= iïm;a
0'8
²² wfkl=;a wdydr fNda.
²² j;= ixj¾Okh 3'7
²² ±j yd jk iïm;a 0'3
²² fjk;a lDIs ksIamdok 0'6
ëjr l¾udka;h 0'4
1'3
uQ,dY%h - Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj- 2012

82 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

 l%shdldrlï
1' Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsl¾udka;h u.ska o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hg (Gross National
Product) jeä u yd wvqu Þhl;ajhla ,nd fokafka l=uk wxY u.ska o@
2' lDIs wxYfha wdÞhu jeä lr .ekSu i|yd rch ±kg wkq.ukh lrk
mshjr fudkjd o@
3' ëjr l¾udka;h jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd bÈßhg .; yels mshjr folla
idlÉPd lrkak'

Y%u n,ldhg we;s Þhl;ajh

lDIsld¾ñl rgla f,i ye¢kafjk Y%S ,xldfõ" 2012 jk úg lDIsld¾ñl wxYfhys

kshe,S isá msßi uq¿ Y%u n,ldfhka 31]la úh' tkï" Y%S ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldfhka
1$3la muK lDIs wxYfha /lshdj, ksr; jk nj bka meyeÈ,s fõ' 4'6 j.=j n,kak'
4'6 j.=j

2012 § Y%S ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;sh ^]&

wxYh 2012
lDIsl¾uh 31'0]
l¾udka; 26'1]
fiajd 42'9]

uQ,dY%h - Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj- 2012

f;a" fmd,a" rn¾ jeks j;= wxYfha /lshd" ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; /lshd" ù wdY%s;
w;=re ksIamdok jk" iy,a msá" kQâ,aia" rileú,s" jeks wdydr ksmoùu wdY%s;
/lshd" iq¿ wmkhk fNda. wdY%s; øjH ieliSu iïnkaO /lshd" fmd,a ksIamdok
ieliSu wdY%s; /lshd" ëjr l¾udka; wdY%s; /lshd jeks lDIsld¾ñl lafIa;%
hgf;a /lshd wjia:d rdYshla mj;sk w;r kj /lshd wjia:d o ìysfjñka mj;S'
tneúka lDIsl¾udka;h flfrys rcfha wjOdkh o jeä ù ;sfí'

Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl wxYh uÕska wmkhk wdÞhug we;s Þhl;ajh ms<sn|
j ie,lSfï § o" tu wxYfhys jeo.;alu lemS fmfka' 2012 jif¾ Y%S ,xldfõ
lDIs wmkhk ixhq;sh 4'7 j.=fjka fmkakqï flf¾' tu j.=jg wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ
wmkhk wdÞhfuka 24] ^1$4la& lDIs wxYh u.ska Wmhk nj meyeÈ,s fõ' f;a"
l=¿nvq iy fmd,a tAjd w;ßka jvd;a m%uqL ù we;'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 83

 4'7 j.=j
Y%S ,xldfõ lDIs wmkhk ixhq;sh - 2012

ldKavh jákdlu fvd,¾ Þhl;ajh

ñ,shk ^]&
f;a 1411'9 14'4
rn¾ 125'1 1'3
fmd,a 208'9 2'1
l=¿ nvq 256'1 2'6
t<j¿ 13'3 0'1
ilia fkdl< ÿïfld< 42'2 0'4
uqyqÿ wdydr 198'0 2'0
lDIsld¾ñl wmkhk 76'0 0'8
tl;=j 2331'5 23'9 ^24]&
uQ,dY%h - Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj - 2012

l%shdldrlï
1' lDIsl¾udka;h wdY%s; kj /lshd wjia:d we;=<;a lrñka my; i|yka j.=j
iïmQ¾K lrkak'

lafIa;%h kj /lshd wjia:d

ù f.dú;ek
f;a
fmd,a
ëjr

2' Y%S ,xldfõ lDIs wxYh wdY%s; Y%u n,ldh wvq ùug n,md we;s fya;=
fudkjd o@
3' tu fya;= u.yrjd .ekSug fhdackd folla i|yka lrkak'
4' Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh ;=< lDIs wxYfha jeo.;alu ksoiqka foñka meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

wdY%s; .%ka: iy uQ,dY%

²² Biodiversity Conservation in Sri Lanka, Framework For Action
²² Wmd,s ùrlafldä ^1998&" udkqI N+f.da, úoHdj »" »»
²² .=Kfiak f,dal is;shï fmd; ^2009&" iSudiys; weï' ã' .=Kfiak iud.u"
fld<U'

84 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

 ²² f.j;af;a j.dj ^2011&" Y%S ,xld uyd nexl= m%ldYk'
²² f.dúlï iÕrdj ^2012 - wfm%a,a - cqks l,dmh&" fmardfoksh lDIsl¾u
fomd¾;fïka;=j'
²² fcHIaG l:sldpd¾h B' ohdr;ak ^2009&" wd¾Ól j¾Okh ixj¾Okh yd wd¾Ól
m%;sm;a;s
²² udkqI N+f.da, úoHdj »" »» ^w'fmd'i W'fm<&" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
fld<U'
²² ñksid yd mßirh ^1998&" uOHu mßir wêldßh
²² úÿrdj iÕrdj 28" 26 fj¿u ^2011- fkdjeïn¾&" cd;sl úoHd moku
²² Y%S ,xldfõ f;a l¾udka;h .=re w;a fmd; ^1997&" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"
uyr.u'
²² Y%S ,xldfõ êjr l¾udka;fha .=re w;a fmd; ^1997&" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"
uyr.u'
²² YS% ,xldfõ fmd,a l¾udka; .=re w;a fmd; ^1991&" fmd,a l¾udka; wdh;kh"
¨Kqú,'
²² igyk 30 fj¿u" ^3 - 4 l,dmh& 2011- 11 - wfm%a,a uy nexl= m%ldYkh&
²² iudc wd¾Ól o;a; ^2010-2012" 2013&" uy nexl= jd¾;dj
²² iqir is;shï fmd; ^2011&" iqir m%ldYlfhda" fld<U'

mdßNdIsl jpk
²² fjf<| fNda. - Cash crops - £n¨£°ºPÒ

²² w;=re ksIamdok - By products - E£ EØ£zvPÒ

²² ldnksl fmdfydr - Organic fertilizers - ÷\uÚ Eµ[PÒ

²² fy,au¿ j.dj - Terraced Cultivation - £iUPmk¨ £°ºaö\´øP

²² lDIs mdßißl l,dm - Agro Ecological Zones - ÂÁ\õ¯ E°ºa`Ǽ¯À

Á»¯[PÒ
²² lDIs m¾fhaIK wdh;kh - Agro Research Institute - ÂÁ\õ¯ Bµõ´a] {ÖÁP®
²² l=vd f;a j;= ixj¾Ok wêldßh - Small Tea Estate Development
Authority - ]ØÖhø© ÷u°ø»¨
ö£¸¢÷uõmh
A¤Â¸zv AvPõµ\ø£

²² f;a uKav,h - Tea Board - ÷u°ø»a\ø£

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 85

²² .=Kd;aulNdjh - Quality - uµ®
²² ixflakaøKh - Concentration - ö\ÔÄ
²² fmd,a ;%sfldaKh - Coconut Triangle - öu[S •U÷Põn®
²² iq¿ fmd,a ;%sfldaKh - Minor Coconut Triangle - ]Ô¯ öu[S •U÷Põn®
²² .Dyia: mßfNdackh - Domestic consumption - EÒ|õmk ~PºÄ
²² m¾fhaIK - Research (Experiment) - Bµõ´a] (£›÷\õuøÚ)
²² idïm%Þhsl wmkhkh - Minor export - ©µ¦Ÿv¯õÚ HØÖ©v
²² iq¿ wmkhk fNda. - Minor export crops - ]Ô¯ HØÖ©v¨ £°ºPÒ
²² wmkhk fNda. úúOdx.SlrKh - Export Crops Diversification - HØÖ©v¨ £°ºPÎß
£ß•P¨£kzuÀ.
²² lDIs wmkhk uKav,h - Agro Export Board - ÂÁ\õ¯ HØÖ©va \ø£
²² lsßmÜá md,kh - Dairy Farming - £õØ£søn
²² ðjdkqyrKh - Sterilization - öuõØÖ }UP¨£mh
²² úc,kh - Dehydration - }µPØÓÀ
²² Èhje,a - Currents (Surges) - }÷µõmh[PÒ /xi¨¦UPÒ
²² wkkH wd¾Ól l,dmh - Exclusive Economic Zone - uÛzxÁ©õÚ ö£õ¸Ò
²² ma,ekalagka - Plankton - ¤Íõ[µß uõÁµ Á»¯®
²² c,Ôù j.dj - Aquaculture - «ßÁͺ¨¦
²² úNj iïm;a - Potential sources - EÒÍõº¢u ‰»[PÒ
²² lrÈh ëjr l¾udka;h - Marine fisheries - PhÀ}º «ß¤iU
øPzöuõÈÀ
²² ñßÈh ëjr l¾udka;h - Fresh Water Fishery Industry - |ßܺ «ß¤iU
øPzöuõÈÀ
- Brackish Water Fishery
²² lsjq,a Èh ëjr l¾udka;h
Industry - EÁº }º «ß¤iU
øPzöuõÈÀ

²² N+ñ mßfNdackh - Land use - {»¨ £¯ß£õk

²² ia:djr ñ, - Fixed price - {ø»¯õÚ Âø»
²² ñ, WÉpdjpkh - Price fluctuation - Âø»zuÍ®£À
²² Y%u n,ldh - Labour force - öuõÈ»õͺ £øh
²² fMkaøSh øjH - Organic particles - ÷\uÚz xoUøPPÒ

86 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'