CHEM 11/L

Chemistry for Engineers

Module 1

Prepared by:
Manuel L. Cabiguen, Jr.
Faculty
Petroleum Engineering Department
2021
COURSE OVERVIEW

Welcome to Chemistry for Engineers! This course is a mandatory for all engineering
programs in the Philippines that is accredited by Commission of Higher Education
(CHED). To be able to understand the lessons in Chemistry for Engineers, fundamental
concepts in General Chemistry must be learn first.
From this module, you will learn about matter and its properties.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, you are expected to achieve the following objectives:

COURSE OUTCOMES
Discuss the fundamentals concepts of chemistry that are relevant to electrical engineering

INTENDED LEARING OUTCOMES

1. Recognize that substances are made up of smaller particles

2. Describe the arrangement, relative spacing, and relative motion of the particles in each of the
three phases

3. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties

4. Distinguish between extensive and intensive properties

5. Differentiate pure substances and mixtures

6. Differentiate between elements and compounds

7. Differentiate between homogenous and heterogenous mixture

8. Describe separation techniques for mixtures and compounds

MODULE CONTENT

Chapter 1 Matter and its properties

The particulate nature of matter: The Particle Theory
States of Matter
a. Macroscopic
b. Microscopic
Physical and Chemical Properties
Extensive and Intensive properties
Ways of classifying matter
a. Pure substance and mixture
b. Elements and compounds
c. Homogenous and heterogenous mixture
Methods of separating mixtures into their component substances
The Particulate Nature of Matter
In our elementary and high school days, we learned that MATTER is anything that has
mass and takes up space.

The Particle Theory of Matter helps us to explain why different matter has different
properties. Here are the several key ideas:

1. All matter is made of tiny particles. These particles are either

individual atoms or groups of atoms called molecules.
2. Atoms of the same element are the same. Atoms of different elements are
different. All of the atoms in carbon are the same. But carbon atoms are different
from the atoms in nitrogen and oxygen.

3. Particles are attracted to each other. There are forces that attract particles to
each other.

4. Particles of matter have spaces between them. Atoms and molecules have
spaces between them.

5. Particles are always moving. Particles of matter move constantly at any

temperature above -273.15 degrees Celsius. But the human eye can’t see them
move.
STATES/PHASES OF MATTER

On the microscopic level, the particle structure is intact in solid and the particle
movement is very limited. That’s why they have definite shape. Unlike for the liquid, the
particles have spaces to move. That is the reason why they have no definite shape.
They only take the shape of the container. For the gas, they have much enough space
to move freely compared to liquids.
SELF-CHECK #1
Test yourself if you are catching up on the lesson. Please answer following questions.

We learned that matter is made up of tiny particles. These particles can either be an
atom or a molecule. Identify the following if they are an atom or a molecule.

1. C
2. O2
3. CH4
4. Cl

5. Discuss on the microscopic level the difference of solid, liquid, and gas.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Matter can be describe using physical and chemical properties. Physical property is
any characteristic that can be determined without changing the substance chemical
identity.

Physical properties are characteristics that doesn’t change the substance while
chemical properties are characteristics that change the substance.

Physical Properties can be either intensive and extensive property.

SELF-CHECK #2
Identify the following properties if they are physical or chemical property. If they are
physical property. State if it is intensive or extensive property.

1. Color
2. Mass
3. Melting point
4. Flammability
5. Density
WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER

Matter can be classified as a pure substance or a mixture. A pure substance has a

fixed composition and distinct properties. All pure substances are either elements or
compounds. Elements have only one type of atom. e.g. oxygen (O 2), gold (Au), silicon
(Si) and diamond (C). Compounds Contains more than one type of atom, but all molecules
(or repeat units) are the same, e.g. water (H2O), ethanol (C2H6O), quartz (SiO2), sodium
chloride (NaCl).

A mixture has a variable composition and can be separated into component parts by
physical methods. Mixtures contain more than one kind of molecule, and their properties
depend on the relative amount of each component present in the mixture. It can be
homogenous mixture if the components are uniformly distributed and heterogenous
mixture if not uniformly distributed.
SELF-CHECK #3
Classify the following if it is a pure substance or a mixture. If pure substance, state if it
is an element or a compound. Same for the mixture, identify if it is a homogenous or
heterogenous mixture.

1. Water
2. Salt Solution
3. N2
4. Chocolate chip cookie
5. Air
WAYS OF SEPARATING MIXTURES

Components of mixtures can be separated using these basic methods:

Hand Picking is a separating method just by picking them out with the help of hand.

Decantation method is used in separating a liquid from solid and other immiscible (non-
mixing) liquids, by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer of solid or liquid

Filtration is a technique which an insoluble solid is separated from the liquid using a
filter.
SIEVING or SIFTING is technique used in separating smaller from larger components

MAGNETIC method is separating iron-based metals using magnetic field

EVAPORATION method is used in separating soluble solid from the liquid by the use of
heat. Most liquids have lower boiling point than dissolve solids. The liquid will evaporate
leaving the solids.
DISTILLATION is a method to separating liquids from a solution. Component with lower
boiling point will evaporate first.
SELF-CHECK #4
Identify the easiest method for separating the following:

1. Iron-based metal
2. Larger from smaller components
3. Oil from water
4. Removing solids from liquid using a filter medium
5. Salt from salt solution
LET’S SUM IT UP…
Matter is everything that has mass and occupies space.
Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
Two or more atoms combine and acting as a unit is called molecules.
Solids, liquids, and gases are the 3 phases/states of matter. Their main difference is
the arrangement, relative spacing, and relative motion of their atoms which affects their
properties.
Properties of matter can be physical or chemical. Physical property is either intensive
or extensive.
Matter can be classified as a pure substance or a mixture. Pure substances can be in
a form of an element or compound. A mixture can be homogenous and
heterogenous.
The basic methods for separating mixtures are:
1. Hand picking
2. Decantation
3. Filtration
4. Sieving
5. Magnetic
6. Evaporation
7. Distillation