CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT
External Examiner Subject
Subje ct Teacher

…………………………. ..………………………

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
2
PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
3
PROJECT
This project is prepared by ALOK
KUMAR of class XII in Kendriya
Vidyalaya No 1, Sector 30,
Gandhinagar under the guidance
of our chemistry teachers,

 Mr. AK JHA

 Mrs. ANITA NAIR 

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
4
PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
5
PROJECT
• Formation and structure
• Phenol-formaldehyde resins, as a
group, are formed by a step-growth
polymerization reaction that can be
either acid
acid-- or base
base-catalyzed.
-catalyzed.
• Phenol is reactive towards
formaldehyde at
the ortho and para sites (sites 2, 4
and 6) allowing up to 3 units of 
formaldehyde to attach to the ring.
The initial reaction is formation of a
hydroxymethyl phenol:
• HOC6H5 + CH2O → HOC6H4CH2OH

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
6
PROJECT
• The hydroxymethyl group is capable
of reacting with either another free
ortho or para site, or with another
hydroxymethyl group. The first
reaction gives a methylene bridge,
and the second forms an ether bridge:

• HOC6H4CH2OH + HOC6H5 →
(HOC6H4)2CH2 + H2O

• The diphenol (HOC 6H4)2CH2 is

called bisphenol F.
F. Bisphenol-F can
further link generating tri- and tetra-
and higher phenol oligomers.

• 2 HOC6H4CH2OH → (HOC6H4CH2)2O
+ H2O

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
7
PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
8
PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
9
PROJECT
• Beaker 
• Phenol  
• Conc. HCl  
• Dropper 
• Water 
• Rod  
• Filter paper 
• Formaldehyde 

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
10
PROJECT
• Phenol resins are condensation
polymerization products of 
phenolic derivatives with
aldehyde such as formaldehyde.
• Most important member of this
class is Bakelite, phenol
formaldehyde resin.
• Its prepared by condensing phenol
with formaldehyde in the presence
of acidic or basic catalyst.

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
11
PROJECT
• Take 5 ml of glacial acetic acid
and 2.5 ml of 40% formaldehyde
in a beaker.
• Add 2.5g of phenol into it.
• Cover the beaker with watch glass
or filter
filter paper
paper..
• Add few drops of HCl to it and
place it on hot plate.
• Pink mass will be formed in the
beaker.
• Wash, dry and weigh the product
formed.
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
12
PROJECT
• Pink mass i.e. phenol
formaldehyde (Bakelite) is
yielded.

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
13
PROJECT
• The reaction is sometimes
vigorous and it is better to be little
away from the beaker while
adding conc. HCl.
• Phenol should be stirred in the
formaldehyde solution for at least
10 mints to make it a saturated
solution.
• Conc. hydrochloric acid should be
added drop wise carefully.

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
14
PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
15
PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
16
PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
17
PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
18
PROJECT