EXPERIMENT 2

bridge.
ofa given wire/standard resistor using
metre
resistance
ATM: To find

APPARATUS

a Leclanche cell (Battery eliminator), a galvanometer, a

A metre bridge (slide wire bridge),
a metre scale, a set square,
resistance wire, a screw gauge,
resistance box, a jockey, a one-way key, a
onnecting wires and a piece of sand paper.

THEORY
The unknown resistance X is given by,

_ (100-1)R
X =

where R is known resistance placed in the left gap and unknown resistance X in the right gapP
of metre bridge. I cm is the length of metre bridge wire from zero end upto balance point.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Known resistance Unknown resistance
R X

R. B. L
Resistance
box B

G Galvanometer
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
uluuluulunuluuhuuhuuluulululuuluulnlhunluluunlnalulu
D
A C
(100 )
E
K

Leclanche cell (Battery eliminator)

Fig. Circuit diagram-Metre bridge.
52
PracticaPh easurement o f Resistance
P R O C E D U R E
find its length
stretch
F o r S p e c i f h c R e s i s t a n c e
the terminals,
it and
where it leaves
For Resistance
diagram. at the points
in the resistance directions
shown wire
as the perpendicular
be determi. metre
scale. two mutually
the a p p a r a t u s resistance
is to 13, Cut a
Arrange whose
four places, in
at least at
wire
in the by using
resistance
forms a loop. the diameter of the wire screw
Connect
the the wire Measure gauge.
2. no part of
right gap 14 help of
with the
care
that hand
beA each place in tables.
in the left gap betwees and B. at o b s e r v a t i o n s
a s given
and B. Take
box of low range Record your
resistance
Connect in the circuit diagram. 15
3. connections
as shown
other BSERVATIONS
the resistance box, plho
4.Make all the ohms) from lug the key k, . .
resistance (say 2 = cm.
some wire, L
and then at
right end of the bridoe of given
5. Take out end Length resistance
at left unknown
(X) Unknown
gently frst Length
It the galvanometer
anometer shows da Table for Length AB =l resistance
6. Touchthejockey galvanometer. Resistance from the
shows deflections
deflections in the defiection is one in n op BC (100-)
Note the correct. It the
side on Serial No. of X=R (100-1)
are resistance box (cm)
directions, the connections here (cm)
ot rectify the fault Obs.
Check or take help your teacher and R
fault in the circuit. from lett to
right till galvanon. (ohm)
the wire (ohm)
gently along (5)
the wire is null point D
8. Move (slide) the jockeywhere thejockey is touching (4)
deflection. The point (3)
box such ic m (2) x,
resistance that there
of R from the (1)
an appropriate value
9. Choose is nearly in the middle of the wire (i.e., between 45 to
to ce
55 cm) 1.
galvanometer when the jockey
a set square) to know balancing length an
Note position of point D (with
the help of
10. in the same
at
least four sets of observations way by changing the value of R inn ste
11. Take 4
12. Record your observations. screw gauge
count of the
3. Least
= mm
Cell or screw gauge .
battery One-way key Pitch of
of divisions on the circular scale
eliminator Total no.
Pitch
Battery eliminator or screw gauge on the circular scale
L.C. of the given No. of divisions
Leclanche cell- .
mm
Resistance box
= . . .
mm
Zero error, e
-
=? Unknown =
= mm
c e
Zero correction, .
wwir diameter (D) of the wire
4. Table for Corrected
Observed diameter
B Circular Scale Reading diameter
(R Serial Linear Scale xL.C.
Reading N Value D, =N+n D D,+c
No. No. of circular (mm)
(mm) scale division on nx (L.C.) (mm)
10 20 100-1_ ofObs.
40
30 40 50 60 reference line (n) (mm)
LLluuluuhuulun 70 80 90 100
(4) (5)
D LIluluul. (3a) (3b)
uuulunluuluuiuluLiliuulinaauliluhunluululuuluuhuuluuluul. (1) (2) D, (a) = .
Scale D,(a)
(a)
D,(b) D,(b)
Bridge wire (b)
D, (a)- D,(a)-
(a) D, (b)
(b)
G (b)
D,(a) D, (a)
(a)
D, (6)- D,()
()
Galvanometer D,,(a) D,(a)-
Fig. Arrangement diagram. (a)
(b) D,(6)-
()
54 Csmprchansive Practien
CALCULATIONS
1. Calculation for X
write in column 3 of Table 1
a
From position of D, find I cm and
column 4.
b Find length (100 ) cm and write in
-
Calculate X and write in column 5.
4+ +, ohm
Mean X 4
2. Calculation for D
D,(a)+D,(6) +.+D,(a)+D,
(6)
Mean corrected diameter 8
-***
3. Calculation for Specific Resistance
the given wire,
Specific resistance of the material of
p X. RD
4L
--*
ohm-cm
- Ohm-m
Standard value of the specific resistance of the material of the given wire (if given)
P ohm-m
Percentage error PP100
Po
RESULT
The value of unknown resistance, X = . . .
The specific resistance of the material of the given wire
3 Percentage error= ------
PRECAUTIONS
The connections should be neat, dean and tight.
All the plugs in the resistance box should be tight.
Move the jockey gently over the bridge wire and do not rub it.
The plug in key K should be inserted only when the observations are to be taken.
Null point should be brought betwen 45 cm and 55 cm.
Set square should be used to note null point to avoid error of parallax.
At one place, diameter of wire should be measured in two mutually perpendicud di.
The wire should not make a loop.
sOURCES OF ERROR
The instrument screws may be loose.
The plugs may not be clean.
The wire may not have uniform thickness.
The screw gauge may have faults like back lash
error and wrong pitch.