TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENT PAGE NUMBER

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 OBJECTIVE 1

3.0 DEVICES 2&3

4.0 PROCEDURE 4

5.0 PRODUCT 5&6

5.1 Fieldbook 5
5.2 Calculations: 6
5.3 View Of Google Earth 6

6.0 ANALYSIS 7

7.0 CONCLUSION 8

8.0 APPENDICES / REFERENCE 9 & 10

1.0 INTRODUCTION
 Linear surveying such as traverse survey, representing the earth’s features in two
dimensions on plan. To be practical value, however, the third dimension, namely the height
of the feature, must be shown by some means on the plan. The heights (Reduced level or
elevation) of the points are referred to some horizontal plane of reference called the datum
(universally employed Mean sea level). In surveying, these heights are found by leveling.
Leveling is the procedure used when one is determining differences in elevation between
points that are remote from each other.

Levelling serves as a referencing point for determining and ensuring the

vertical stability of points in close proximity to a reference point or benchmarks with the
same meaning. Levelling surveys, on the other hand, can be linked to GPS reference points
by connecting the locations to global coordinate system reference stations via GPS to
determine regional stability, and sea-level rise can be distinguished from vertical crustal
motion.

Following that, levelling surveys are used to plan highways, railroads, canals, sewers,
and water supply systems, as well as determine the volume of earthworks, arrange
construction projects according to intended elevations, and analyse drainage characteristics.
Aside from that, the most crucial thing for staff to understand is the theory as well as the
practicality. It's because levelling accuracy is critical in site setup, installation, and thus
quality assurance.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

1. To make close fly-leveling survey (vertical control) from TBM to site location.
2. To determine reduce level for Sation1 of group planimetric control.
3. To get a different level of between 2 points.
4. To identify the reduced level of each staff station.
5. To enhance students about the concept of levelling surveying.
6. To experience the measurement of vertical distances by levelling.
7. To enable students familiar with the booking and computation of levelling surveying.

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3.0 DEVICES

NO. NAME AND IMAGE DESCRIPTION OF DEVICE

- Tripod is a three-legged stand. Adjustable

leg-tripods are the more common of the
Tripod twoin the construction work especially
1. outdoors because of generally uneven terrain.
It is easier to set up on uneven ground
because each leg can be adjusted to exactly
the height needed to find level. It is usually
made up of aluminium. The tripod is also
easy to transport due to having retractable
legs.

- It used to establish or check points in the

Dumpy level same horizontal plane. These are the most
basic level that are frequently used in
2. construction work. The telescope is rigidly
attached to a single bubble and the assembly
is adjusted either by means of a screwed ball-
joint or by footscrews which are adjusted
first in one direction, then at 90°.

Staff - Is a graduated wooden or aluminium rod,

used with a levelling instrument to determine
3. the difference in height between points or
heights of points above a vertical datum.

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4. Fieldbook - Record readings and make level calculations
barrel. Bookkeeping and counting can be
done by two methods, namely the method
fluctuation or height of the collimation line
(HOC).

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4.0 PROCEDURE

1. Setting up the level

 Setting the tripod
The tripod legs are spread out and rested lightly on the ground around the
survey point. Judging by eye, the legs are moved to bring the tripod head over
the point, keeping the tripod head as level as possible.
 Mounting the instrument
The level is carefully removed from the box and screwed to the tripod.
 Levelling
Levelling is accompolished by raising or lowering the legs of the tripod, using
the sliding leg arrangement, until the circular spirit level is centred.
Refinements to the centring and leveling of the instrument must now be made;
a) Set the plate spirit level over two screws and centralize the bubble,
b) Turn the instrument through 90o and recentralize the bubble
c) Repeat operations (a) and (b) until the bubble remains central for both
positions.
 Parallax elimination
A piece of paper is held in front of the telescope and the observer, sighting the
paper through the telescope, turns the eyepiece carefully until the cross-wires
of the reticule are sharply defined.
2. Obtained Staff Reading
 Released Horizontal plate.
 Rotate the level horizontally, collimate the staff

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5.0 PRODUCT
5.1 Fieldbook
REDUCED
B.S I.S F.S RISE FALL REMARKS
LEVEL

1.4148 55.860 TBM

1.8015 2.6262 1.2114 54.6486 CP1

2.2247 0.4232 54.2254

1.1993 2.5154 0.2907 53.9347 CP2

1.9161 0.7168 53.2179

2.1106 2.7179 0.8018 52.4161 CP3

2.4073 0.2967 52.1194

2.3205 2.1066 0.3007 52.4201 CP4

2.5254 2.7174 0.3969 52.0232 ST4

2.692 0.1666 51.8566

1.55 2.6161 0.0759 51.9325 ST3

1.8189 1.9198 0.3698 51.5627 ST2

1.8909 0.072 51.4907

1.099 3.9287 2.0378 49.4529 ST1

2.8297 1.7307 47.7222

1.1656 2.1108 0.7189 48.4411 ST5

1.5452 0.3796 48.0615

1.5156 1.1996 0.3456 48.4071 CP10

2.1105 0,2201 1.2955 49.7026 CP11

1.8904 0.2201 49.9227

2.6199 0.2126 1.6778 51.6005 CP12

1.4115 0.2104 2.4095 54.01 CP13

1.4498 0.5054 0.9061 54.9161 CP14

1.5169

26.1129 27.3963 24.5078 7.9501 8.894

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5.2 Calculations:

Backsight – Foresight Rise – Fall Reduce levels

26.1129 7.9501 55.860
- 27.3963 - 8.894 - 54.9161
-1.2834 -0.9439 0.9439

5.3 View Of Google Earth

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6.0 ANALYSIS

From our observation of levelling in fieldwork surveying, we learnt the theory about
principle that uses when want to do levelling. Have some principle that need to know before
we start levelling which is level surface, horizontal surface and also datum surface. In
this levelling technician give the started point which is in front of lab and we need to measure
until our stations.

Hence, we need to measure foresight, back sight and intermediate sight. Working for
this had advantage and dis-advantage. The advantages are not use more money or low cost
because not use more high technology. Other than that, the dis-advantages is use human
energy to doing it. This can make more error when taking reading and more time needed.

When we take a reading of measurement we all had a bit confusing because of our
station. We also had some difficult of measuring because we need to get accurate
measurement. Moreover, we confusing while reading a foresight and back sight of staff and
also scared of error while take a reading.

This levelling measurement may not be exact or many contain error. There are 5 type
of error that we learn on theoretical class like human error, apparatus error, natural error or in
other variety ways of it. In our group, we take it as serious part to reduce the number of error
because it must be completely reduce.

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7.0 CONCLUSION

Throughout this fieldwork, we were appreciated to have this opportunity to learn the
levelling procedure and use the specialized site surveying apparatus. For example, automatic
level, adjustable-leg tripod, optical plummet, horizontal bubble level and bar-coded level rod.
Besides, we also learnt the way to calculate the reduced level. Due to the first levelling data
was not acceptable, we had put more precaution on the levelling process to avoid error such
as ensure the instrument always in horizontal level by checking the bubble to ensure that the
bubble was perfectly centered and double check the reading that taken.

By doing a levelling, we can find the elevation of a given point with respect to the
given or assumed datum. We can also get to measure the level of the land. When we are
doing levelling, the benchmark is the most important thing as the main point of the levelling.
It is very important to understand the different between the foresight and the backsight.

In conclusion, the fieldwork had achieved its aims, since the difference in elevation
from point to point were determine and as student, I was able to know how to read the staff
from the level and also conduct a levelling exercise.

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8.0 APPENDICES & REFERENCE

Appendices :-

Set up the levelling instrument at level position 1

Hold the staff on the datum (RL+50m)

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Take the reading. Should be measured and recorded in the fieldbook

Repeat moving the staff to another station

Reference :-
 https://ilmugeografi.com/ilmu-bumi/tanah/alat-ukur-tanah
 https://surveyforbeginners.wordpress.com/2018/12/17/automatic-level/
 https://www.whycos.org/fck_editor/upload/File/Pacific-HYCOS/Surface_Waters/
Levelling_and_surveying.pdf
 https://dreamcivil.com/errors-in-levelling/

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