Way 1 Way2 Mixed types How to write the introduction The two charts provide detailed information on the top five supermarkets in the United kingdom in terms of their market share, number of stores, and how many employees each company employed in September 2003. The two line charts compare and contrast data on the consumption levels of various types of milk products, fresh fruit and vegetables over a 64-year period from 1942 to 2005. The two bar charts compare and contrast data on the changes in the amount of land used to grow apricots, prunes and plums in three agricultural regions in Washington State in ‘America over a 14-year period from 1993 to 2006. The three bar charts show average years of schooling, numbers of scientists and technicians, and research and development spending in developing and developed countries. Figures are given for 1980 and 1990. The table compares modes of transport used in four countries: the USA, the UK, France, and the Netherlands. Percentages of journeys made by car, bicycle, public transport and on foot are given. The bar chart shows the results of a survey into reasons people in the USA travel to work by car. The line graph shows economic growth over a 15-year period ending in 2010. The pie charts give a breakdown of household spending in four separate years over the same period. Viewed together, there appears to be a relationship between economic growth and patterns of spending. The pie chart illustrates the main causes of the deterioration of global farmland and the table gives data regarding the influence of these causes on three areas during the 1990s. The given graph and table illustrate the changes in export earnings for a country across several industries from 2015 to 2016 measured in billions of dollars. How to write the overview Looking from an overall perspective, itis readily apparent that the vast majority of water is dedicated to houses, followed by apartments, industry, businesses and finally other. In terms of the residential use, itis mainly for bathrooms and gardens, with lower numbers for washing clothes, toilets and kitchens. It is clear that global water needs rose significantly between 1900 and 2000, and that agriculture accounted for the largest proportion of water used. We can also see that ‘water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the Congo. Overall, London and New York display broadly similar four-season climates, though the ‘extremes are more pronounced in New York while Sydney has a reverse weather patternwith milder overall temperatures. In terms of overall sunshine, New York leads, followed closely by Sydney and distantly by London. * Overall, most graduates took full-time positions, followed by part-time jobs, unemployment, graduate study or unknown, and finally part-time work together with graduate study, The average salaries tended to be much higher for freelance consultants than those working in the government and private companies, though there were many federal workers in the highest salary bracket. * Looking from an overall perspective, itis readily apparent that all earnings experienced rises except for gems and jewellery, which experienced a moderate drop. The majority of ‘earings came from petroleum and engineered goods, while textiles and engineered ‘goods made the largest percentile jumps. + Both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period shown, but the figures for immigration were significantly higher. Net migration peaked in 2004 and 2007. * Overall, over-farming was the leading cause of global land degradation and the Eurozone had the highest proportion of degraded land. 3. How to write the body Way 1 Sample 1 Looking first of all at the pie chart, houses represent 57% of total water usage, far surpassing apartments at 13%, industry at 11%, business 10%, government 6%, and lastly other (3%). ‘The bar chart delineates the uses of residential water, including both homes and apartments. Nearly 30% of all water was used for bathrooms, the highest figure, while gardens was slightly lower at 26%, Sample 2 A total of 52% of graduates were employed full-time, compared to 15% for part-time, 12% unemployed, 8% categorised as unknown, 8% pursuing full-time further education, and finally 5% combining part-time work and higher education study. ‘Turning to the table, freelance consultants were overwhelmingly employed in the upper Pay scales at 40% in both $75,000 — $99,999 and $100,000, with just 20% making between $25,000 and $74,899. Sample 3 In 1900, around S0Okm? of water was used by the agriculture sector worldwide. The figures for industrial and domestic water consumption stood at around one fifth of that amount.In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million and 5.2 million respectively. Sample 4 With regard to global land degradation, the leading cause was over-farming at 35%. ‘Turning to the i fertile at 23%. ividual areas, Europe had the highest proportion of land that was less Sample S The temperature patterns for London and New York are similar, although New York has warmer summers and colder winters. ‘As far as hours of sunshine are concerned, New York and Sydney have similar averages of 2,535 and 2,473 hours respectively. London, however, has a much lower average of 31,180 hours. Sample 6 According to the graph, economic growth began at a modest 1 per cent, rose modestly, then remained more or less steady at about 2 per cent until 2003. Over the same period, changes in patterns of spending were evident. Sample 7 ‘As can be seen from the table, cars were the most frequently used form of transpor all four countries. ‘The bar chart provides information that may help explain why car use is so high in the USA. Way 2 Sample 1 1m the first 2 months of the year, workers (6,000), steel production (5,000) and actual demand (3,000) peaked. From there, the number of workers fell steeply to 3,000 in March and was flat through April, while production dropped below 4,000 tonnes and remained stable to July. Actual demand also decreased, though it fluctuated between 2 and 3,000 tonnes through September, before plummeting to O in November and recovering to 2,000 in December. This end of year pattern was largely mirrored by both production and employment as the former crashed from a second peak of nearly 5,000 in July to under 1,000 by the end ofthe period (with no recovery). Employment numbers rose to 3,500 in August and had steadily subsided to 1,000 by the end of the year. ‘Sample 2 The two main exports were petroleum products, which went from just over $61 billion in 2015 to around $63 billion by 2016, and engineered goods ($58 billion to $62 billion). That translates to.a 3% rise for petroleum and a more sizeable increase of 8.5% for engineered products, Compared to these two exports, the other products were much lower. Gems and jewellery. the only export to decrease, went down 5.18% from $43 billion to $41 billion. Despite this drop, agricultural goods were lower throughout the period at around $31 and just over $31 billion in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Textiles were the lowest in 2015 at around $26 billion but had pulled approximately level with agriculture by 2016. ‘Sample 3 In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while the number of people who emigrated stood at just under 300,000. The figure for net migration was around 160,000, and it remained at a similar level until 2003. From 1999 to 2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000 people, but there was a much smaller rise in emigration, Net migration peaked at almost 250,000 people in 2004, After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the number of people emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell suddenly in 2007, before peaking at about 420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net migration figure rose to around 240,000 in 2007, but fell back to around 160,000 in 2008.