National University - Manila College of Engineering 551 M.F. Jhocson St. Sampaloc Manila 1008 Activity No.1 Familiarization with electromechanical energy conversion equipment 12/16/2022 Stephen Daniel S. Macaraeg 2020-102312 DC and AC Machinery Laboratory Engr. Harvay lanne ArizalaNATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING | Experiment 1 Familiarization with electromechanical energy conversion equipment |. OBJECTIVES At the end of this experiment, students should be able to: identify electromechanical energy conversion equipment and th * discuss each parts of DC and AC machineries (single and three-phase) «explain the fundamental functions of each parts of DC and AC machineries yeir functions Il, COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs) + ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyse and interpret data. Ill, BACKGROUND INFORMATION Newton's First Law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be changed from one form or another. There are 2 ot of examples of equipment which convert energy for various purposes in our daily lives. Wall clocks, blenders, cars and even light bulbs are few of the examples of energy converting devices. However, electromechanical enerBY jf conversion is a process of changing mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice versa. For example, an electric motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy through the process of tlectromagnetism. On the other hand, an electric generator transforms mechanical energy to tlectric enerey through electromagnetic induction. Transformers uses both of the process to convert electrical potential levels to a higher or lower potential level. conversions between electrical and mechanical forms with electromechanical The energy peration of electrical machines. Generally, devices are developed and utilized for efficient of electromechanical energy conversion devices can be divided into three categories: fa. Transducers transform energy to electric signals of different forms like microphones, pickups and speakers. . Force producing devices or linear and electromagnets. . Continuous energy conversion equipment which operates in rotating mode as electro- mechanical energy conversion. ‘An electromechanical system consists of an electrical subsystem (electric circuits such as } windings), a magnetic subsystem (magnetic field in the magnetic cores and air gaps), and a | mechanical subsystem (mechanically movable parts such as a plunger in a linear actuator and a | rotor in a rotating electrical machine). Voltages and currents are used to describe the state of the | electrical subsystem and they are governed by the basic circuital laws: Ohm's law and Kirchhoff’s Law. The state of the mechanical subsystem can be described in terms of positions, velocities, and accelerations, and is governed by Physical Law (Newton's Ie i 7 laws). Th ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ' d ° AN Acuna motion devices such as relays, solenoids (linear actuators)by the Maxwell the current in the circuit would produce ‘s equations, When coupled with an electric cirouit, the: force or torque on 4 mechanically movable pr ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM ELECTRICAL q VOLTAGES CHARGE ELECTRIC POWER | OHM'S LAW KIRCHHOFF'S LAW => I IV. EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS/DEVICES QUANTITY | EQUIPMENT Lunit DC Motor Aunit Single Phase AC Motor ‘Three Phase AC Motor Three Phase Tra former Sunits ‘Threo Phase Transformer Bank Lunit Load and Rheostat Lunit Thermocouple Aunit Power Measurement Module Digital Tachometer Electronic Speed Transducer -| Three Phase Load Module Wrench and Hammer MAGNETIC sussystem = sunsysiem =P | MAGNETIC FLUX MAGNETIC FIELD CURRENT =p MAGNETMOTIVE FORCE MAXWELL'S LAW Variable Resistors and Capacitors ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [MECHANICAL SUBSYSTEM | FORCE SPEED ACCELERATION | POSITION => NEWTON'S LAW 1 SPECIFICATIONS Shunt, Serles, Compound DC Motor Spllt phase, Capacitor Start Squirrel Cage, Synchronous Induction Motor ‘Twelve (12) leads three-phase transformer Throe (3) Single-Phase Transformer Peltier Voltmeter, Ammeter and Ohmmeter Optical (Infrared) ‘Attached to the machine Capacitive, Inductive and Resistive Loads Mechanical Wrench and Rubber hammer DC AND AC MACHINERYA. Familiarization by illustrating different Equipment, Devices and Instruments of Electrical Machines 4. Prepare all the needed materials as listed above. .. Inspect the part and structure of equipment and devices as listed on the table below. . Illustrate each equipment and devices and write down specifications . List the ratings according to its nameplate on the column provided. ._ Fill out the functions of the equipment as a part of electromechanical device subsystem FAMILIZATION OF EQUIPMENT, DEVICE AND INSTRUMENT Equipment, Nameplate Device and Mlustration : Functions/Purpose Instrument Fetnes DC Motor . An electric dente thot trons | 2 fens elechvical nergy info mechanical enovgy ‘Single Phase A single phase AC motor AC Motor ay operates witha single phase puwer source. hich is usually Weed I cmaller equipment. Three Phase A Annee phase Ae motor ove} AC Motor Ness complicated, wore ekeieted ond wore duvable. Three Phase This is @ possive equtement Transformer | |) E that transfor electricity betwe i i circuits, THs creates on “of magnetic force which Steps ¥ ord down without changing the freqvemey Three Phase This equipment transfer el Transformer between circuits that provis Bank a borrter of electrical ‘sob between prinmwry ond windingsTre engine & controled by Mr lead contrel vheostet, whith is Jolso used to stort ave engine: Tee torque ot He device (s cont by rheastot which regulates cumrent going, 48 the eld cor = The power tho oFewih is Power : measured using electyieel Power whieh is given iw wots, Measurement Module Wa digital neroment Wat Digital measures the rotovinal speed Tachometer eS & on object. Transducers primary eurchion 15 +e tromsform 0 physical force Speed into om electrical stgual Transducer that com be conventently hori — Jond. tromsfered For measuring PuPpores, Electronic Fy phases wires tronsmit 3 Three Phase = sitsrowing Soyer EWN 14m Load Module the, peak volue at a separate moment. This creates a rotating field in on electric. dve to the phases whiok vesults: iw omstctent ‘ner ronan nore seat oye. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DCAND AC MACHINERY| Conversion Machines (AC and DC Machines) 4. With the help of the instructor, carefully dismantle the Open-Lab Machine using Mechanical Wrench and Rubber hammer. . Start the dismantling process in the AC machines side of the Open-Lab. Using mechanical j wrench unscrew the three-pair carbon brush holder for slip ring rotor attached to the rotor shaft i bearing support. The carbon brushes are attached to the slip rings but not fixed which still allows the rotor to rotate. . Unscrew the bolt using the wrench and detach the support of the shaft by carefully pulling it from the set-up. | |. The next partis to dismantle the whole AC Stator of the AC Machines. Notice thatthe stator has |] larger knot than the support in order to hold the stator's significantly heavier mass as the rotor rotates inside it upon operation to avoid excessive vibration. Unscrew the bolt and knot attached to the stator and slide the stator away from the rotor hanging one support. Take note: Never } hold the stator’s field windings to avold deformities and scratch. These windings are made up of ff thin wires coiled around the slots of the stator yoke thus creating magnetic field focused on its } magnetic pole. Should the windings be damaged, the magnetic field created will be j unsymmetrical. Hold the stator around the frame for much safer grip. . Carefully, use your hand to support the hanging edge of the rotor. It is now time to detach the AC rotor which is mechanically coupled with the DC rotor by a flexible coupling joint. . Using the appropriate wrench, untighten the screw on the flexible coupling to conveniently pull the AC rotor away from the bearing support. Gently pull the AC rotor by supporting both the ‘edges of the rotor. Take note: The rotor heavy mass has the tendency to be dropped, so prepare | to caten the rotor as itis pulled away from its last remaining support. The AC rotor is made up of a long metallic shaft and an armature made up of coiled wire which explains why itis heavy. Do not forget to also catch the other half of the coupling joint. it should be detached before the AC rotor can be pulled from the support. Unscrew the last rotor shaft bearing support in the Open Lab Machine and proceed with the DC |} part. . Remove the other half of the coupling joint. It should be detached before the DC Rotor Shaft | Bearing Support can be removed. order to measure the speed through a mechanical measurement module. 11.After unscrewing and detaching the support of the DC rotor, carefully proceed in dismantling the DC Stator. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTheavier mass as the rotor rotates inside it upon operation to avoid excessive vibration. Unscrew the bolt and knot attached to the stator and slide the stator away from the rotor hanging one support. Take note: Never hold the stator’s field windings to avoid deformities and scratch. These windings are made up of thin wires coiled around the slots of the stator yoke thus creating magnetic field focused on its magnetic pole. Should the windings be damaged, the magnetic field created will be unsymmetrical. Hold the stator around the frame for much safer grip. 13.How many poles does the DC stators has? _4 14.Carefully, use your hand to support the hanging edge of the rotor. It is now time to detach the DC rotor which is attached to the support with two carbon brush holders. 15.The carbon brushed are attached to the commutator but is not fixed which still allows the rotor to rotate. Disconnect the spring-pushed carbon brush from the commutator to allow the DC rotor to be dismantled. 16, Gently pull the DC rotor by supporting both the edges of the rotor. Take note: The rotor heavy up of coiled wire which explains why it is heavy. 17. Unscrew the last rotor shaft bearing support in the Open Lab Machine from the Base Plate. 18. Identify each parts and component of an open-lab DC and AC machines by number it as listed below.19. Choose the parts and components here and fill-out the illustration above. 1. AC Rotor Shaft ‘Squirrel Cage Rotor Brush Holder with 2 Carbon Brushes Coupling Joints Rotor with Commutator DC Machine field windings Electronic Speed Transducer Terminal Block for AC machine Carbon brush holder for slip-ring rotor 10.DC Stator 14.Speed tape sensor 12.Slip-Ring Terminal 413.Base Plate 14.AC Machine Field Windings 15.Rotor with Slip Rings 16.Carbon Brush for Slip-Ring Rotor 17.Rotor Shaft Bearing Support 18. AC Stator 19. Peltier / Thermocouple 20. Flexible Coupling 21. Terminal Block for DC Machine 20.Create a comprehensive step-by-step procedure in assembling the Open Lab Machine. Write it in ©PNAFAwD a separate paper. VI. Questions 1. Whatis the significant difference in structural construction between a DC and AC Machines? The signi i 1 machi et powered by divect current (ke boltery packs) 2. What is the difference of a commutator and a slip ring?4, Enumerate the part of Rotor and the part of Stator. Rotor Stator ~ Shoft ~ Commy tutor “Brush, “Poles (Field windings) VIl.Observations DCAND AC MACHINERYVill. Conclusions Based on thic experiment Icon conclude o ¢, Jinks that ‘ve learned di iment. Tws clearly demonctrated ‘nie. to be familiarized with difteren: equio= IX. Picture Evidences ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DC AND AC MACHINERY