ANCHOR UNIVERSITY LAGOS

FACULTY OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

FIRST CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT TEST- 06 APRIL, 2017

COURSE CODE & TITLE: MTH 112. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS II

MEMORANDUM OF SOLUTIONS

Question One:

(a) If a  3i  4 j  2k and b  2i  5 j  k . Find

(i) a.b (2 Marks)

a.b  6  (20)  (2)  6  20  2  16

(ii) a b (2Marks)
i j k
4 2 3 2 3 4
ab  3  4 2  i j k
5 1 2 1 2 5
2 5 1
 6i  7 j  23k
(b) Are the vectors orthogonal? (2 Marks)
The vectors are not orthogonal since a.b  16  0

Question Two:

If a  5i  4 j  2k , b  4i  5 j  3k and c  2i  j  2k where i, j , k are the unit vectors,

determine
(i) The value of a.b and the angle between the vectors a and b . (3 Marks)
a.b  20  (20)  (6)  20  20  6  6
To find the angle between the vectors a and b, we have to find the direction
cosines of each vector:
So the direction Cosines l , m, n of the vector a  5i  4 j  2k
r  25  16  4 = 45  3 5
 5 4 2
l  ; m ; n
.
3 5 3 5 3 5
So the direction Cosines l , m, n of the vector b  4i  5 j  3k
r  25  16  9 = 50  5 2

4 5 3
l   ; m  ; n  .
5 2 5 2 5 2

 Cos  ll ' mm' nn'

5 4 4 5 2 3
( )( )( ) )( )( )(
3 5 5 2 3 5 5 2 3 5 5 2
20  20 6 6 2
( )( )( )  
15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 5 10

  Cos 1 (0.126)
  82.760  83o

OR
FOLLOW THROUGH THE ALTERNATIVE METHOD
a.b 6
Cos    0.126
a.b b.b 45 50
  Cos 1 (0.126)  82.76o  83o
(ii) The magnitude and the direction Cosines of the product vector (a  b) and also
the angle which this product vector makes with the vector c . (5 Marks)

i j k
4 2 5 2 5 4
ab  5 4 2 i j k
5 3 4 3 4 5
4 5 3
 22i  7 j  41k
magnitude  a  b  222  (7) 2  (41) 2  2214

The direction cosines of (axb) are:

22 7  41
l ; m ; n
2214 2214 2214

Angle between (a x b) and vector c

 (a  b).c
Cos  
(a  b).(a  b) c.c
(a  b).c  119
(a  b)(a  b)  2214
c.c  9  3
119
Cos   0.843
2214 9
 Cos 1 (0.843)  38o

Question Three:

Find Compb a and projb a of the following pairs of vectors

a) a  3i  2 j , b  2i  2 j  k (3 Marks)
a.b
Compb a 
b
a.b  (6  4  0)  10
b  9 3
10
 Compb a 
3
 2i  2 j  k 
b 10
projb a  (Compb a).
b 9
b) a  2,1, 3 ; b  1, 2, 2 , (3 Marks)
a.b
Compb a 
b
a.b  (2  2  6)  6
b  9 3
6
 Compb a  2
3
 i  2 j  2k 
b 2
projb a  (Compb a ).
b 3