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    summary of chapter 1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    13 views4 pages

    Fea 1

    Uploaded by

    Fadi Altanany
    summary of chapter 1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
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    2126122, 9:11 AM Characteristics Of Living Organisms -IGCSE Biology Notes (2020) Free Exam Academy 1 Sentember 11,2016 Characteristics of living organisms vary living organism have certain traits that it needs to be demonstrating in “lving’. There re 7 characteristics that we need to go through. I even a single one of these characte istics aro not present in an organism, than it not alive 1 Movernent ~ An action by an organism or pat of an organism causing a change of position or place 3n~ The chemical reactions in cells that break down nu 2. Respir ecules an release en ergy for metabolism ermal or external envgenmant and ta make appropriate responses 4. Grow both ~ Pormanent increase in size and ry mass by an increase in cell number or cll size Reproduction - The processes that meke mare ofthe same kindof organs Excretion ~ Removal fom organisms ofthe waste products of cells including respiration), t 7. Nutrition Taking in of materials fr energy, growth and devel dioxide, water and ions batsm (chemical resctions in terials, and substances in excess of requirements ment; plants require light, carbon unds and ins and usually need water imals need organic comy Concept and use of classification system Organisms can be classified into groups by features tI share, Classification systems aim to ‘therefore clessity groups of organisms ina systemic way, inorder to reflect ther evolutionary relationships. Before the advance of technology and science, classification was traitanaly based on morphology end ‘anatomy. Basically this means that if certain organisms “looked” similar ané shed s mila Toate, then they would be classified under the seme umbrella, But itis important to understand thet now, we can more accurately clasityorgenisms by analyzing thei ONA (rather than look at appearence alone) Organisms which share similar DNA base sequences and protein amino 2 are more likely ‘oe closely relat Every organism has a scientitic name. The binomial system is an intemationzlly agreed sys- ‘temin which the scientific name of an organisms is made up of two parts (Genus & Species), The Genus is a genaric term used in the classification of living organisms or bino- rial nomenclature and species is 2 group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring. ample: Home sapiens hips: tresexamacademy.comicnaracteristcs-oFving-organisms! 18 2126122, 9:11 AM Ikis important to understand here that Homo represents the genus ands always starts in capital lt ‘ets, Sapiens is the species andi all lowercase and in italics, Features of organisms ‘All orgenisms are mad of cells. though the cellular structure may be diferent cepending on the type of orgon'sm, there are certain things that aro universally shared across ovary single organism: + Dytoplasm + Cell membrane DNA + Ribosomes + Enzymes Now, wo can actually organize evry single organism into 6 main categories callod kingdoms" Hore are ‘the 6 kingdoms thet you need to know + Animal (ie. Lion) © Plant (ie. Tee) Fungus (ie. Yeast) + Prokaryoto (Le. Bactria) Protoctist (ie, Marino) ‘You need to know the features of these 5 Kingdoms so that fora given example ofan organism, you can determine the kingdom it belongs in, Here is a simple tele to help you, Cell number eee Unicellular Present Absent Absent Unicellular Present Present Sometimes present Multicellular Present (chitin) Present Absent Multicellular Present Present Present (cellulose) Multicellular Absent Present Absent Now that we undorstand the features of the 6 kingdoms, we can actualy branch further. The sylabus ‘wants you to understand how to classify ifferent“ypes" of animals and plants. the animal kingdom, ‘animals they can further be classed as vertebrates (with backbone) or invertebrates (ro backbone) hitpslww: tresexamacademy.comicnaractristcs-oFving-organisms! [Characteristics Of Living Organisms - IGCSE Biology Notes (2020) 2126122, 9-11 AM Characteristics 0! Living Organisms -IGCSE Biology Notes (2020) Rips Mot skin or inde webbed ck et 4g wae piles ey in sees oar gs Cap sake) shel ego land Birds Fetes winsome wh sll ‘Mammals Fur Torii Ive yours Tnwerabate Insets 3 pals aflgs dy dae ato hag, hoes and addomes oe alr compound eye may hase vanes “Arachne pate fle body ida to ‘ephaltoras and aoe several psf sage jes ‘Casteeans 5 or mae pus a eg / body vied nt ceptor ang abdomen /two pues af antennae / Mytapeds 10 r moe pars olees/ no vous ody segment 08 ptr of antennae stp eves “Amie Wowgated cynanca bay segmented bay J mouth and amos preset / uci yer | tunsegmentd/ body ponte at Malice Mos ave sls Fuca fot formorng /

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