12126122, 9:32 AM Enzymes -IGCSE Biology Notes (2020) Free Exam Academy Enzymes Enzymes at increas catalyst isa substan the rate f chemical reaction ands nat changes by the ‘ion itso ‘an onzyme is a bilogical catalyst that catalyzes many important rations inside an organism (such a5 respiration) and therefore necessary to sustain life How enzymes work is mare easily shown trough a diagram, Take @ Enzyme changes shape ae TY ~ sevvae Sight as substrate binds Ss ~ vue Substrate entering Enzymelsubstrate _Enzymelproducts Products leaving active site of enzyme ‘complex ‘complex active site of enzyme First, substrate is @ substance that an enzyme ects on It is important to understand that enzymes ir sotive sites ~ region ofan enzyme int ‘are very specifi, andthe reason for thelr specificity ‘that binds to a particular substrate. The shape af the actve site ofan enzyme is complementary to only ‘one specific substrate, ‘As demonstrated inthe diagram, the green substrate has @ shape thet pairs impeccably with the shape tenryme'sective site As the enzyme binds with the substrate, en enzymersubstrate complex is formed. ncyre-product complex is formed. Tt raducts even: then accurs onthe enzyme and t Enzyme activity VS Temperature & pH ‘Tore ara oartain factors th n impact enzyme activity. The two of which CIE wants you ta know is tomporatuce and pH. But before gt into the details, you need to know that all enzymes have an op ‘imum tempereture and an optimum pH, These are certain temperatures or pH in which @ particular en 2yme work best in, end it can vary between diffrent enzymes. imum, then denaturation can occur ar fram the ny given enzyme, if the conditions stray This is when extreme noridesl conditions (ie. high temperatures cr very low/high pH) ceuses chemical This results inthe change in shape ofthe enzyme's active site, bonds inthe enzymes to break apart hitps:luwufresexamacademy comfenzymes! 1812126122, 9:32 AM Enzymes -IGCSE Biology Notes (2020) Remerber, the active site hase very special shape end it tion inactive site wilt $s only one specific typ fore cause the enzyme (and shape) of Temperature and enzyme activity Low temperatures reduce the rate of chemical reactions in general. This 's because malecules need to collide with one another and have onough energy fora reaction to accur. In lw temporetures, molacules ae traveling at lower speeds (less energy) and therefore the rate of successful collisions are lower Moreover, even when collisions do kinetic the molecules may have insu tobegin with, and therefore the reaction may not occur. Ergyme activity is therefare law in low temperatures. It is important to note however, that low tem; nature enzymes. atures Higher temporat.res generally increase tho rate of chemical eactians. Molecules ave faster and have ‘more kinetic energy. This means thet 0 of svonessful moleculrcolisions ace higher and most male cules will have sufiient energy requited forthe reaction. However, tempacatures that ore far beyond ney ees int ‘the optimum tempersture ofthe enzymes cen stat to denature it, and redu tivity a8 a0 human body, and sult. Mo zymes have en optimum temperature of aporoximetely 37. start getting denatured at abave 60 degrees. Optimum temperature Rate of reaction Enzyme denaturing o 20 40 60 70 Temperature pl and enzyme activity ‘The optimum pl ofan enzyme can vary. Pepsin isan enzyme found in the stomach’ acidic conditio and therfore made to work best ina pl of approximately 2. Amylase an the othor han saliva (more neutral conditions) and therefore has an optimum pl of 7. Very high ar very low is toundin denature these enzymes if it deviates too much from ther optimum. hitps:luwufresexamacademy comfenzymes! 2812126122, 9:22 aM Optimum pHt Rate of Reaction Enzymes -IGCSE Bilogy Notes (2020) wit 123 45 678 9 pH 0 «2 ‘pyr © 2022 igh Reserved, | tise by hitps:luwufresexamacademy comfenzymes! 38