Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Handout 6
Handout 6
LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each of the following sentences.(20 points)
1. There has been a lot of ____ surrounding the government’s proposed scheme.
A. controversy B. consent C. conformity D. consequence
2. Our town has a real problem with youth crime, ____ do many other British towns.
A. so B. nor C. as D. like
3. Warning: anyone caught stealing from these premises will be _____.
A. advocated B. undermined C. prosecuted D. enforced
4. The local authorities need to _____ down on illegal parking, in my opinion.
A. hit B. force C. move D. crack
5. If the service isn’t up to standard, I think you have _____ right to complain.
A. all B. each C. much D. every
6. Jim’s tough character and certainly won’t let anyone push him ______.
A. up B. off C. around D. through
7. The ______ I don’t understand is why Emily lets her boyfriend get away with it.
A. reason B. object C. item D. thing
8. My uncle pulled a few _____ and got me a job in the company where he works.
A. ropes B. strings C. threads D. chords
9. Although she would have preferred to carry on working, my mum _____ her career in order to have children.
A. devoted B. repealed C. sacrificed D. abolished
10. I find the offer quite ____, but I think I’d rather study at Oxford.
A. tempting B. desirous C. inclined D. envious
11. I don’t normally like noisy clubs, but I had a sudden _____ to see what the Blue Parrot was like.
A. force B. motive C. pressure D. impulse
12. Jerry loves snowboarding so much that it’s almost like a drug ________.
A. passion B. obsession C. addition D. requirement
13. I don’t want to do the course in applied statistics, but it’s ______.
A. compulsory B. inevitable C. bound D. indecisive
14. Don’t worry about me – I’m quite ______ to sit here and wait for you to come back.
A. ecstatic B. delighted C. joyful D. content
15. When I was pregnant, I often got a sudden _____ for tinned sardines.
A. preference B. craving C. envy D. greed
16. Thank you for thinking of us, but I’m afraid we’re going to have to _____ your kind invitation.
A. decline B. deny C. condemn D. reject
17. I’ve never seen anyone so _____ to their job as Philip is.
A. eager B. keen C. dedicated D. interested
18. Why do you have such a _____ with model railways?
A. desire B. fascination C. love D. preference
19. I wish you would stop wasting so much time on computer games and do something a little more _____.
A. welcome B. enviable C. feasible D. worthwhile
20. Olivia has always ______ to return to the country she was born in.
A. favoured B. yearned C. urged D. inclined
complete each sentence with the correct form of a phrasal verb in the box. Use each ONCE only.
There are two extra phrasal verbs which you do not need to use.
drop out pull out fall out put forward pull up own up
fly at make up go off stand up to be over get down
WORD FORMATION
A.
For many people Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is the most (0) influential figure in the history of western
classical music. His (1) ______________ talent was already clearly evident as a young man, (2)
________________ surviving a somewhat (3) ______________ upbringing during which his eccentric father
would often force him to take music lessons in the middle of the night.
The young Beethoven's ability won him the admiration of the leading contemporary musical figures. Throughout
the 1790s he worked hard to secure the interest of wealthy patrons. Such (4) ______________ enabled him to
concentrate on becoming a successful composer.
Whatever his awe-inspiring musical (5) ______________, however, his personal life was something of a disaster. His day-
to-day relationships with people (6) ______________ turned out to be rather (7) ______________. Although he
apparently fell in love with a number of society women, the identity of the girl who lay closest to his heart remains
(8) ______________ to this day.
However, just at the point when Beethoven was beginning to reap the rewards of his early endeavors, he had
to come to terms with the (10) ______________ realization that his increasing deafness was (9)
______________ . From that point on, his music displayed a striking change in style, becoming both
heavier in tone and larger in scale.
B. Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words given
1. There is little hope that Maurice’s behavior will ever improve. It will probably remain so (CORRECT)
_____________________ till he grows up.
2. In my opinion, this book is nothing more than (INTELLECT) _____________________ rubbish.
3. Increasing import tax is believed to be (PRODUCE) _____________________ as it would give rise to
smuggling.
4. My friends started going out late to night clubs, so I decided to (SOCIAL) _____________________ myself
from the group.
5. New immigrants have been successfully (SIMILAR) _____________________ into the community
6. She looked absolutely (DUMB) _____________________ when I told her what had happened. She could
hardly say a word.
7. “What if” questions involving (FACT) _____________________ are familiar to historical speculations.
8. The Ministry of Education and Training decided to organize a(an) (COLLEGE) _____________________
football championship to create a common playground for all students.
9. Since most important problems are (FACET) _____________________, there are several alternatives to
choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages.
10. We should arrive two days early in order to (CLIMATE)_____________________.
OPEN CLOZE
PASSAGE 1:
Football is traditionally a man’s sport, but now the women are muscling in on their act, or so it seems. So many
top male footballers have been transferred (1) ______________ astronomical sums of money that the game has
become more a high-powered business than a sport. This is (2) ______________ the women come in, more
motivated, more interested in the game rather than in promoting themselves and generally better behaved both
(3) ______________ and off the pitch, (4) ______________ a strong contrast to (5) ______________ male
counterparts’ greed and cynicism. Indeed, according to FIFA, the world football governing body, the future of
football belongs to women, and the organization has (6)______________ out to actively promote women’s football.
Perhaps, in (7) ______________ of the fact that women are half the world population, this is how it should be. In
the USA, many members of national women’s football teams are better known than male footballers, and some
professional female players in both North America and Europe have attracted lucrative sponsorship deals. Generally,
two problems beset women’s football: the need to be taken more seriously and for more funding to be made
available. (8) ______________ these have been achieved (9) ______________ with the blessing of FIFA, we should
see footballers who are accessible, cooperative, decent and supporting in (10) ______________ of the spoiled
mercenary star boys of sport.
PASSAGE 2:
Slavery was legal for over 200 years in some parts of North America, (1) __________ the southern states of the
United States, where the plantation system of agriculture depended on the (2) __________ of slaves, most of
whom came from Africa. Slaves had no (3) __________ or freedoms because they were thought of as (4)
__________ . From the time of its origin, slavery had opponents. The abolitionist (5) __________ (6) __________
began in the 1600s when the Quakers in Pennsylvania objected to slavery on moral (7) __________ and wanted
to abolish the institution.
In 1793, Canada passed a law abolishing slavery and (8) __________ that any slaves who came to Canada
would be free citizens. Slavery was already illegal in most northern states; (9) __________ , slaves captured there
by slave hunters could be returned to slavery in the South. Canada refused to return runaway slaves or to allow
American slave hunters (10) __________ the country. It is estimated that more than 30,000 runaway slaves (11)
__________ to Canada and settled in the Great Lakes region between 1830 and 1865.
The American (12) __________ movement was at the height of its activity during the 1800’s, when abolitionists
developed the Underground Railroad, a loosely organized system (13) __________ runaway slaves were passed
from safe house to safe house as they fled northwards to free states or Canada. The (14) __________ was first
used in the 1830s and came from an Ohio clergyman who said, “They who took passage on it (15) __________
from public view as if they had really gone to ground.” (16) __________ the Underground Railroad was so secret,
(17) __________ records exist, which would hardly reveal the true (18) __________ of people who traveled it to
freedom. The most active routes on the railroad were in Ohio, Indiana, and western Pennsylvania.
READING
PASSAGE 1
The Alexandra Palace in north London was built with private funds as a “People’s Palace”. Serviced by its own
station, it was opened in 1873 and was extremely well (1)_______ until, two weeks after its opening, it burnt down.
It was replaced by a slightly larger building which opened in 1875 and featured, (2)________other things, a
splendid organ an Great Hall, which was the size of a football pitch. Despite the extraordinarily wide range of events
(3)_______ there – from dog shows to great concerts and banquets, from elephant displays to bicycle matches –
it always operated at a loss and by 1877 much of the park around it had been sold to speculative builders, leaving
only about half of the original land.
In 1900, a committee was appointed, whose principal duty was to run the palace and park “for the free use
of the people forever.” There were, however, (4) ________ to charge for entry so that the substantial costs could
be (5) _______ . The Palace continued, with (6) ________ degrees of success, as an entertainment centre. In the
1930s, it was probably most (7) ________ for being the home of the world’s first high definition television
broadcasts.
In 1980 the building was once more devastated by fire and (8) _______ to a ruin. It was then decided to
(9) _________ it and to create a major exhibition centre with community (10)_______, such as a restaurant and
a health club.
1. A. inhabited B. attended C. crowded D. visited
2. A. among B. between C. from D. around
3. A. performed B. set C. staged D. laid
4. A. powers B. terms C. allowances D. authorities
5. A. fulfilled B. covered C. matched D. made
6. A. unsteady B. varying C. altering D. unsettled
7. A. distinct B. marked C. considerable D. notable
8. A. turned B. converted C. reduced D. wrecked
9. A. recover B. revise C. restore D. reform
10. A. facilities B. conveniences C. supplies D. appliances
PASSAGE 2:
Have you ever thought about the names of the months? Why are “January” and “February” not called
“Primo” or “Secondo”? Is it because the original names were created in ancient times? Or is it because the
originators preferred odd words?
Take February, for example. Say it aloud a few minutes and you start to wonder. Most people don’t know
who developed these names. However, a little research reveals that the names of the months came mostly from a
combination of the names of Roman gods and goddesses, important festivals, and the original numbers of the
months.
Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory XIII change the calendar to make it more exact. Caesar developed a new
calendar of 364 and a quarter day, the time it takes the earth to orbit the sun from one spring season to the next.
The Pope’s astronomers refined the calendar regarding leap years; they determined that there should be no leap
year in years ending in 00- unless they were divisible by 400; the years 1700, 1800, 1900 and 2100 would not be
considered leap years, while the years 1600 and 2000 would be. This new Gregorian calendar was so accurate
that today, scientists need only add leap seconds every few years to the clock in order to keep the calendar
matching the Earth’s cycles.
Questions 1-6:
Which paragraphs contain the following information? Write the correct numbers i -vii in the
spaces provided. There are two pieces of information that you do not need.
i. It is unnecessary to modify vehicles driven by bio-diesel.
ii. Some algae are considered edible plants.
iii. Algae could be part of a sustainable and recycled source.
iv. A promising future is awaiting the algae bio-diesel.
v. Algae bio-diesel is superior to other bio-fuels in lots of ways.
vi. New Zealanders have welcomed a new alternative fuel form.
vii. Overgrown algae also can be a potential threat to environment.
1 Paragraph A ___________
2 Paragraph B ___________
3 Paragraph C ___________
4 Paragraph D ___________
5 Paragraph E ___________
Questions 6-10
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than
two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
Bio-diesel based on algae could become a substitute for (6) ________ in New Zealand. It could be used to
(7) ________ vehicles such as cars and boats. As a results, billions of litres of bio-diesel are required
worldwide each year. Algae can be obtained from (8) ________ with nutrient materials. With the technology
breakthrough, algae are extracted and the (9) ________ is removed from the settling ponds. Dairy farmers,
and many processors can adopt such (10) ________ technology.
ERROR CORRECTION: There are TEN mistakes in the following passage. Write them down
and give the correction. Write your answers in the space provided.
I cannot stress too much the importance on watching your opponent, of knowing exactly where he
is on the tennis court and what he is doing. It is usually possible to work on the pattern of his game very
early in a match. Test him at the front of the court. Try hitting one or two balls up high to see how shots
are like. The more quickly you discover his weakness, the easier the match should become.
Again and again it may be a good idea to give your opponent an opportunity of making a mistake.
When, early in the match, it seems that he is a very inaccurate player, but not a forceful one, then you
should tempt him to play a winning shot. Give him the opening, for there are some players who simply
cannot hit winners. They will try to play an attacking game but they can quite finish it off. The way to break
up their steady game may be by putting them into the front of the court.
It is obviously wiser to try to decide at the beginning of the court whether your opponent is weaker
on his left-hand-side or on his right-hand-side, and then play a little more than fifty per cent of your shots
down that side. Play a normal attacking game, or the game you think you will win, but concentrate on the
weaker side. A number of players experience more trouble than another in the back corners of the court –
always be ready to recognize this weakness. Perhaps an opponent has a favorite backhand shot, but lacks
certainty with his forehand shot. Tempt him to play the backhand shot.
TRANSFORMATION
1. The news of the merger came as a complete surprise to the workers. (aback)
The workers _________________________________________________ the news of the merger.
2. Everybody in the audience stood to applaud the actor's wonderful performance. (standing)
So ___________________________________________________________ for his performance.
3. Would it be possible to speak to you in private for a moment? (word)
Is there _______________________________________________________ with you?
4. What explanation can we offer for the temperature having suddenly dropped? (account)
How __________________________________________________________ temperature?
5. I used to find computers difficult before I started taking these lessons. (down)
Since ____________________________________________________________.
6. Government guidelines really do emphasize the importance of starting education early. (how)
A lot of emphasis ___________________________________________________.
7. He doesn’t shop there anymore because that store sells clothes made by child labor in foreign
factory. (account)
He has ___________________________________________________________.
8. The moment I saw the dirty state of the restaurant kitchen, I no longer felt hungry. (soon)
I lost _____________________________________________________________.
9. There aren’t many other books which explain this problem so well. (accounted)
In few other books __________________________________________________.
10. You may be disqualified if you don’t obey the regulations. (rise)
Failure ____________________________________________________________.