Exponential Functions

Exponential Equations
Exponential Inequalities
 I CAN STATEMENTS

I can distinguish among exponential functions,

exponential equations, and exponential inequality.

I can solve exponential equations, and exponential

inequality.
Some conditions in life increase and decrease
tremendously such as:
Growth of Bacteria
Interest of an Investment
Depreciation or Appreciation of Market Value
Decay of Microorganims
Exponential Function
Example.
Exponential Expressions
 Exponential Equation

An equation involving exponential expressions.

 Exponential Inequality

An inequality involving exponential expressions.

 Exponential Inequality

An inequality involving exponential expressions.

The property of equality for equations is also used in
solving exponential equations.
Solving an exponential inequality is much like solving
linear inequality, only that the former applies the
property of equality for exponential equations.
Note that in solving exponential equations, it is
important to verify if the value you have solved is the
solution by substituting it into the given equation. For
exponential inequalities, assign values of the variable
that satisfy the resulting inequlity to verify if such
resulting inequlity defines the solution set of the given
exponential inequality.
Graphs and Properties of
Exponential Functions
 I CAN STATEMENTS

I can represent an exponential function through it's table

of values, graph, and equation.
02
I can find the domain, range, intercepts, zeroes, and
aymptotes of exponential functions.

I can solve problems involving exponential functions,

equations, and inequalities.
Graph and Properties of
Exponential Functions
Consider the behavior of the graphs of exponential
functions of the form, through the
following illustrative examples.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
Example.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
Example.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
The following presents the summary of the properties
of exponential functions of the form

1. The domain consists of all real numbers.

2. The range consists of positive real numbers.
3. The function is increasing and concave up.
4. The graph passes through the point (0, 1).
5. There is no x-intercept. The y-intercept is 1.
6. The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis.
Let us now consider exponential functions whose base
b is 0 < b < 1.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
Example.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
Example.
The following presents the summary of the properties
of exponential functions of the form

1. The domain consists of all real numbers.

2. The range consists of positive real numbers.
3. The function is decreasing and concave up.
4. The graph passes through the point (0, 1).
5. There is no x-intercept. The y-intercept is 1.
6. The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis.
PROBLEMS
INVOVING
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 1.
In 2005, a certain town in La Union has a population of
32 400. Each year, the population increases at a constant
rate of 7%.
EXAMPLE 1.
In 2005, a certain town in La Union has a population of
32 400. Each year, the population increases at a constant
rate of 7%.
EXAMPLE 2.
A total of 10 000 bacteria cells were initially present at
the start of an experiment. These bacteria cells were
placed in a condition that inhibits growth. After 5 hours,
there were only about 7 000 cells.
EXAMPLE 2.
A total of 10 000 bacteria cells were initially present at the
start of an experiment. These bacteria cells were placed in a
condition that inhibits growth. After 5 hours, there were only
about 7 000 cells.
EXAMPLE 2.
A total of 10 000 bacteria cells were initially present at the
start of an experiment. These bacteria cells were placed in a
condition that inhibits growth. After 5 hours, there were only
about 7 000 cells.
The exponential function of the form, is used to
model exponential growth or decay, where

a - initial value
b - growth/decay factor
t - time
y - final value

The value of the growth factor b is b>1, and the

decay factor b is 0 < b < 1.
Exponential functions are very useful in investment-
related situations. Suppose an amount P of money is
invested at an annual interest rate r, then the total
amount of money earned (interest plus the principal)
at the end of t years is given by the formula
Most of the applications of exponential functions in
business involve compound interest.
The following formula is used in computing the
compound interest

A - amount accumulated in t years

P- principal amount invested
r- annual interest rate
n- number of compunding periods each year