Ans:

C.W. Questions on Early Mughals

Q1. Briefly describe the First Battle of Panipat. [3]

OR
Between whom was the First Battle of Panipat fought? What was its
importance?
 Babur and Ibrahim Lodi fought against each other at Panipat in 1526
CE.
 Babur had a smaller army compared to that of Ibrahim Lodi, but
Babur was a better general and his artillery was very strong. So, he
was able to defeat Ibrahim Lodi.
 This was the first battle in India in which firearms with gun powder
were used.

Q2. Write a brief note about the military reforms of Sher Shah Suri. [2]
OR
Highlight the military reforms adopted by Sher Shah Suri under his
regime.
 Sher Shah divided his army into divisions of different sizes and
placed them under separate commanders.
 He also recruited soldiers himself, fixed their salaries and paid it to
them directly.

Q3. What factors helped Humayun to reconquer his lost territories in

1555CE? [2]
OR
‘Humayun made a successful comeback to India in 1555 CE.’ Justify this
statement.
 Sher Shah died in 1545 CE. His successors, however, were not as
powerful as he was and could not consolidate their power.
 The absence of strong rulers in India who could oppose him and
help from the Shah of Persia enabled Humayun to reconquer his lost
 Ans:
territories in 1555 CE.
4. Describe the land reforms undertaken by Sher Shah. [3]
OR
The land reform system established by Sher Shah is still in practice in
India. Give reasons to support your answer.
Ans-
 Sher Shah introduced several land reforms that improved the
condition of the peasants and made them more secure. For the first
time, he had the land actually measured and the average produce
calculated.
 The share of the government, amounting to one-fourth of the
produce, could be paid either in cash or in kind. To make the
peasants feel secure, Sher Shah introduced the patta or proof of right
to ownership of land.
 This is in use in India to this day. Sher Shah constantly supervised the
work of his officers. He also tried to stay in direct contact with the
peasants.

Q5. How do we know about Babur’s love of nature? [2]

OR
What do you know about Babur’s artistic side?
Ans-
 Babur was a great lover of natural beauty and laid out many gardens
all over his kingdom.
 We get to know of Babur’s love for nature from the descriptions of
the natural world found in the Baburnama.