Who is Bernoulli?

Daniel Bernoulli FRS was a Swiss mathematician and physicist

and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the
Bernoulli family from Basel. He is particularly remembered for his
applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid
mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and
statistics.

Bernoulli lectured there until 1732 in medicine, mechanics, and

physics, and he researched the properties of vibrating and
rotating bodies and contributed to probability theory.

He considered the properties of basic importance in fluid flow,

particularly pressure, density, and velocity, and set forth their
fundamental relationship. He put forward what is called Bernoulli’s
principle, which states that the pressure in a fluid decreases as its
velocity increases. He also established the basis for the kinetic
theory of gases and heat by demonstrating that the impact of
molecules on a surface would explain pressure and that,
assuming the constant, random motion of molecules, pressure
and motion increase with temperature.

Contribution of Bernoulli
-His most important work considered the basic properties of fluid
flow, pressure, density and velocity, and gave the Bernoulli
principle.
 .Bernoulli Equation
The Bernoulli equation can be derived by integrating Newton's
2nd law along a streamline with gravitational and pressure forces as
the only forces acting on a fluid element. Given that any energy
exchanges result from conservative forces, the total energy along a
streamline is constant and is simply swapped between potential and
kinetic.
What are the assumptions of Bernoulli's equation?
The following are the assumptions made in the derivation
of Bernoulli's equation: The fluid is ideal or perfect, that is viscosity is
zero. The flow is steady (The velocity of every liquid particle is
uniform). There is no energy loss while flowing. The flow is
incompressible. The flow is Irrotational. There is no external force,
except the gravity force, is acting on the liquid.

The Bernoulli Principle

In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase
in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease
in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The
principle is named after Daniel Bernoulli, a swiss mathemetician,
who published it in 1738 in his book Hydrodynamics.
A practical application of Bernoulli’s Principle is the venturi tube.
The venturi tube has an air inlet that narrows to a throat
(constricted point) and an outlet section that increases in diameter
toward the rear. The diameter of the outlet is the same as that of
the inlet. The mass of air entering the tube must exactly equal the
mass exiting the tube. At the constriction, the speed must
increase to allow the same amount of air to pass in the same
amount of time as in all other parts of the tube. When the air
speeds up, the pressure also decreases. Past the constriction, the
airflow slows and the pressure increases.
Applications in Aviation

Bernoulli's principle can be used to calculate the lift force on

an aerofoil, if the behaviour of the fluid flow in the vicinity of the
foil is known. For example, if the air flowing past the top surface of
an aircraft wing is moving faster than the air flowing past the
bottom surface, then Bernoulli's principle implies that the pressure
on the surfaces of the wing will be lower above than below. This
pressure difference results in an upwards lifting force. Whenever
the distribution of speed past the top and bottom surfaces of a
wing is known, the lift forces can be calculated (to a good
approximation) using Bernoulli's equations.

Figure 1 illustrates a typical aerofoil cross-section for low-speed

flight.
The pitot tube and static port on an aircraft are used to determine
the airspeed of the aircraft. These two devices are connected to
the Air Speed Indicator, which determines the dynamic pressure
of the airflow past the aircraft. Dynamic pressure is the difference
between stagnation pressure and static pressure. Bernoulli's
principle is used to calibrate the airspeed indicator so that it
displays the indicated airspeed appropriate to the dynamic
pressure.
Example
Soda can jump 

Have you ever performed the soda can jump trick?

It’s a trick every avid science student should try!
Take an empty soda can and put it into an empty cup. Then with
your mouth blow air down one side between the cup and the soda
can.
The soda can will neatly jump out of the cup in a somersault and
come to rest standing on the table.
You can juice things up and place a second cup beside the first.
Try blowing the soda can from one cup to the next.
Bernoulli’s effect explains this because as you blow down the cup,
it creates a low-pressure area due to the fast-flowing air from your
mouth. This pushes the can out of the cup.