NAME: Caratihan, Zayra Jane C.

UNIT 3- THE TEACHING PROFESSION

COURSE,YEAR,SECTION:BSEDEN 2-1 PROF. FRAULO FER D. MARCELO

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT: THE TEACHER AND THE EDUCATIONAL

PHILOSOPHIES
1. Individual Work. Prepare a Venn Diagram of the Four Contemporary Philosophies
showing their similarities, differences and common ideas

2. Write a Pledge of Commitment as a future teacher adopting one or two

philosophies (citing how you will implement the chosen philosophy in your classroom
teaching)

As a future teacher, I am committed to students and student learning.

Teachers strive to treat students equitably, with respect and are sensitive to factors
that influence individual student learning. We aim to facilitate the development of
students as contributing citizens of the society. We believe that all students have the
capacity to learn, at their level, at their own pace, with a variety of learning strategies
that appeal to their learning styles, personalities and personal creativity which they
can share for the future generation. It is our responsibility to provide students with
learning opportunities that will equip them to deal with the challenges of life, in their
future workplace, with their relationships, ready to make a positive contribution to
society. I pledge to be committed to the students that walk through my doors and I
will serve them no matter how far they reach. I pledge to see all the differences in my
students and celebrate each and every one, I pledge to instill pride in who they are
and help them see who they will become. I pledge to stand up for them and show up
when they’re in need, I pledge to march with them, hand-in-hand. Let my actions be
what they see. I pledge to make learning come alive and give them experiences
they’ll never forget. I pledge to make learning not feel like a solo act but always a
duet. I pledge to know what my students want to be and treat them with care. I
pledge to nurture the whole-child and not just a body in a chair. I pledge to be a
teacher, for that’s what I am and will always be. I am a teacher and learning isn’t
about me but we.

(Perennialism and Social Reconstructionism)

3. Write specific examples on the application of each philosophy to the classroom

teaching- learning process

● Perennialism
○ In this philosophy, we teach ideas that are everlasting, to seek
enduring truths which are constant, not changing, as the natural and
human worlds at their most essential level, do not change. Teaching
these unchanging principles is critical. Humans are rational beings, and
their minds need to be developed. Thus, cultivation of the intellect is
the highest priority in a worthwhile education.

● Essentialism
○ Schooling should be practical, preparing students to become valuable
members of society. It should focus on facts (the objective reality out
there) and "the basics," training students to read, write, speak, and
compute clearly and logically. Schools should not try to set or influence
policies. Students should be taught hard work, respect for authority,
and discipline. Teachers are to help students keep their non-productive
instincts in check, such as aggression or mindlessness.

● Progressivism
○ Learning is rooted in the questions of learners that arise through
experiencing the world. It is active, not passive. An example for this is
that the learner is a problem solver and thinker who makes meaning
through his or her individual experience in the physical and cultural
context. Effective teachers provide experiences so that students can
learn by doing.

● Reconstructionism
○ For social reconstructionists and critical theorists, curriculum focuses
on student experience and taking social action on real problems, such
as violence, hunger, international terrorism, inflation, and inequality.
Strategies for dealing with controversial issues (particularly in social
studies and literature), inquiry, dialogue, and multiple perspectives are
 the focus. Community-based learning and bringing the world into the
classroom are also strategies.

4. Search at least 5 more educational philosophies and its philosopher/s. Write the
most important features or characteristics of each philosophy. Reflect on these
philosophies and how you think they would help you in your teaching career.

● Pragmatism (John Dewey)

○ In education, pragmatism is an approach to learning and teaching that
focuses on keeping things practical. Its key theorist is John Dewey. It
has four principles: Unity, Interest, Experience, and Integration.
Pragmatic teachers use active project-based learning strategies in the
classroom and focus on topics relevant to students’ lives.

● Behaviorism (B.F. Skinner)

○ Behaviorists believe human beings are shaped entirely by their
external environment. If you alter a person's environment, you will alter
his or her thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The system is based on
rewards and punishments. Behaviorists believe that if teachers provide
positive reinforcement, or rewards, whenever students perform a
desired behavior, they will learn to perform the behavior on their own.
The same concept applies to punishments.

● Existentialism (Søren Kierkegaard)

○ Individuals are responsible for determining for themselves what is
"true" or "false," "right" or "wrong," "beautiful" or "ugly." For the
existentialist, there exists no universal form of human nature; each of
us has the free will to develop as we see fit.
○ In the existentialist classroom, subject matter takes second place to
helping the students understand and appreciate themselves as unique
individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts,
feelings, and actions.

● Constructivism (Jean Piaget)

○ Constructivist classrooms focus on student questions and interests,
they build on what students already know, they focus on interactive
learning and are student-centered, teachers have a dialogue with
students to help them construct their own knowledge, they root in
negotiation, and students work primarily in groups.
○ Constructivism promotes social and communication skills by creating a
classroom environment that emphasizes collaboration and exchange of
ideas. Students must learn how to articulate their ideas clearly as well
as to collaborate on tasks effectively by sharing in group projects.

● Conservatism (Edmund Burke)

○ Conservatism believes in the restoration of concepts that have not
been maintained and that institutions should continue to operate in
alignment with their originally intended purpose.
 ○ Conservatives do not approve of the inclusion of non-academic
activities in the school curriculum as it might have the effect of diluting
the effectiveness of the children’s education.

There are so many philosophies that we can use in a classroom setting.

Some of these are Pragmatism, Behaviorism, Existentialism, Constructivism, and
Conservatism. First, a pragmatic classroom involves project-based learning,
play-based learning, experimentation, and experiential learning. Second, teachers
may use behaviorism to show students how they should react and respond to certain
stimuli. This needs to be done in a repetitive way, to regularly remind students what
behavior a teacher is looking for. Positive reinforcement is key in behavioral learning
theory. Without positive reinforcement, students will quickly abandon their responses
because they don’t appear to be working. For example, if students are supposed to
get a sticker every time they get an A on a test, and then teachers stop giving that
positive reinforcement, less students may get A’s on their tests, because the
behavior isn’t connected to a reward for them. Third, our role or the teacher's role in
existentialism is to help students define their own essence by exposing them to
various paths they may take in life and creating an environment in which they may
freely choose their own preferred way. Since feeling is not divorced from reason in
decision making, the existentialist demands the education of the whole person, not
just the mind. Fourth, constructivist assessment engages the students' initiatives and
personal investments in their journals, research reports, physical models, and artistic
representations. Engaging the creative instincts develops students' abilities to
express knowledge through a variety of ways. The students are also more likely to
retain and transfer the new knowledge to real life. Fifth, conservative education
maintains the use of the traditional curriculum with the purpose of using the
conveying of information to students as a way to help them adopt the already
established culture.