12. Allergy___ ‘The exaggerated or hypersensitive reaction of the immune system to certain antigens present ai environment is called allergy. a e The substances/agents which produce an immune response in an individual are called alje, like penicillin, etc. Tpens, eg. pollen grains, animal dander, dust, feathers, drugs like peru ¥ IgE antibodies are produced in response to allergens ‘Cause: Chemicals like histamine and serotonin released from the mast cells. ose (iv) Difficulty in breathing. uce the symptoms of allergy. ‘suspected allergens and theJped organ located near the heart and beneath the breastbone. op qielarge a tne time of birth but reduces with age. ’ ‘ ides the micro-environment for the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes. ‘ wt ist dary lymphoid organs maturation, ‘ to become effector cells, and appendix are called ce an immune response. piratory, digestive andLife cycle of HIV | After getting into the body of a person, the virus enters the mac rophages © Here, RNA is replicated to form viral DNA by enzyme reverse transcriptase i © The viral DNA now gets incorporated into the host cell’s DNA and directs the inte produce viruses. " ‘ © The macrophages continue to produce virus particles ne anes HIV factory The virus particles enter helper T-lymphocytes (T cells) in L where they con replicate and produce viral progenies. fi Thus, the number of helper T-lymphocytes progressively decreases in the body of i. inert persons 4 a, tin ae Viral RNA core { | ( ( Retovins { With the decrease in numb produce any immune respor “There is no permanent cure for HIV. | Axticetroviral drugs: They can only prolong itive measures © cure is there so prevention is best option. As it spreads due to conscious behaviour ° iseasy. sbldyae: beo.-tni EH life of patient but cannot prevent death. idea Biology-xil* — a abuse. o wocating safe sex and promoting regular check-ups for HIV susceptible populations. on