PAAVAI VIDHYASHRAM SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

(Affiliated To CBSE)

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE SALT- 3

AIM:
To analyse the given simple salt systematically and find out the acid and basic radical present in it.
I.PRELIMINARY TEST:
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Colour: The colour of the given salt is noted. White or colourless Absence of Cu2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+,
Co2+,Ni2+ cations.
2. Solubility: A pinch of the salt is shaken well with water. Soluble Presence of soluble salts like nitrates ,
Chlorides, phosphates, sulphates
3. Action of heat : A pinch of the salt is strongly heated in a dry No characteristic change Absence of Zn2+, CO32-,NO3-, lead nitrate,
boiling tube: NH4+

4. Flame test: To a pinch of the salt taken in a watch glass, a Brick red colour flame Presence of Ca2+
drop of conc.HCl is added . This paste is introduced into the
non-luminous Bunsen flame using a charred match stick.
5. Action of dil HCl : A pinch of the salt is taken in a test tube No characteristics change Absence of CO32-,SO32-,NO2-CH3COO-,S2-
and dil. HCl is added and warmed.
6. Action of conc. H2SO4: A pinch of the salt is added with a Colourless, pungent smelling gas which
few drops of concentrated H2SO4. turns blue litmus red and gives dense white Presence of Cl-.
fumes with a glass rod dipped in NH4OH.

7. Action of concentrated H2SO4 and MnO2 :A pinch of the Greenish yellow gas with an irritating smell
salt is heated with concentrated H2SO4 and MnO2 which turns starch iodide paper blue. Presence of Cl-.

Action of conc. H2SO4 and copper turnings: A pinch of the No Reddish brown vapours were evolved . Absence of NO3-
8. salt is heated with conc. H2SO4 and copper turnings.
9. Action of BaCl2: To an aqueous solution of the salt, BaCl2 No white precipitate was formed Absence of SO42-
solution is added.
10. Action of NaOH: A pinch of the salt is heated with NaOH No colourless pungent smelling gas was Absence of NH4+
solution. evolved.

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CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CHLORIDE:

S. No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Silver nitrate test : To the salt solution, added A curdy white ppt. completely soluble in NH4OH and Presence of Chloride is confirmed
Ag NO3 solution insoluble in dil. HNO3 was obtained.

2 Chromyl chloride test: Orange- red vapours were evolved Presence of Chloride is confirmed
1. To the salt, added potassium dichromate
crystals, a few drops of conc, H2SO4 and heated.
2. Passed the vapours through NaOH solution or
distilled water.
3. Added lead acetate to the above solution.

TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL:

The salt is dissolved in water and the solution is used to identify the group in which the basic radical is present and then to perform the confirmatory tests:
GROUP ANALYSIS:

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 To the salt solution, added Nessler’s reagent and NaOH No brown precipitate Absence of ammonium(Zero group)
2 To the salt solution, added dil. HCl No White ppt. Absence of Pb2+(Group 1)
3 To the salt solution, added dil. HCl and passed H2S gas No black ppt. Absence of Cu2+ .
No yellow ppt. Absence of Cd2+(Group II)
4 To the salt solution, added solid NH4Cl or saturated solution of No gelatinous white ppt Absence of Al3+ (Group III)
NH4Cl followed by NH4OH
5 To the salt solution, added solid NH4Cl and H2S gas No dirty white ppt Absence of Zn2+ ,Mn2+ ,Co2+ or Ni2+ ( Group IV)
No buff coloured ppt.
No black ppt
6 To the salt solution, added solid NH4Cl, NH4OH and (NH4)2 CO3 White precipitate was Presence of Ba2+ ,Sr2+ or Ca2+ (Group V)
obtained.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL:

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Ammonium oxalate test : To the salt solution, added ammonium A white precipitate was Presence of Calcium (Group V)is confirmed
oxalate solution. obtained.

2 Potassium ferro cyanide test : To the salt solution, added potassium A white precipitate was Presence of Calcium(Group V) is confirmed
Ferrocyanide solution. obtained.

RESULT: The given simple salt contains

Basic radical – chloride
Acid radical – Calcium.
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