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Science Las and Assessment 1st Quarter
Science Las and Assessment 1st Quarter
Science
Quarter 1- PLATE TECTONICS
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Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
2
Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
Learning Target: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory.
References: Science 10 Learner’s Material pp.3, 6-13
LAS Writer: Armela S. Alamon, , Dave D. Daza, Johna Jane C. Fuentes, Alfie
A. Gardose, Mariegold Ann J. Japitana
Primary or P-Waves- the fastest kind of waves, thus arrive at the seismic stations first.
Secondary or S-Waves- slower than the P-waves.
Both P and S waves travel into the Earth’s interior.
Epicenter- the part of the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Focus- also called the hypocenter; it is where the earthquake waves start.
Triangulation method- the method used to locate the earthquake epicenter using distance information
from three seismic stations.
Since P and S waves have different velocities, they do not arrive at seismic stations at the same
time. The farther the recording instrument is from the focus, the greater is the difference in the arrival times
of P and S waves. The difference in the arrival time will tell us the distance of the earthquake’s focus from
the seismic recording station. However, it does not tell in which direction it came from.
Activity 2. WHAT’S IN US?
Procedure: Compare and contrast the Primary (P) waves and Secondary (S) waves. Complete the Venn
diagram below by writing their characteristics on their corresponding column and their similarities on the
specified column.
P waves
Similarities S waves
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Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
Figure 4. Set up
Questions:
4
Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
Make a foldable. Compare and contrast volcanoes, mountain ranges and earthquake epicenters.
Procedure:
2. Turn the paper horizontally and fold the outside edges in to touch the mid-point mark.
VOLCANOES EARTHQUAKES
3. Draw a volcano on one flap (left) and label the flap Volcanoes then write what you know about it on the
back flap. Do the same on the other flap (right), but this time, on earthquakes and at the back, for
mountain ranges. The inside portion should be labeled Both and include characteristics that both events
share.
Note: After checking, please keep your foldable for the future use. As discussions about volcanoes, earthquakes and
mountain ranges continue, add more information by writing it on the corresponding label on the back flap.
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Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
CPB DPB TFB 1. South American Plate and the African Plate
CPB DPB TFB 2. Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate
CPB DPB TFB 3. Nazca Plate and South American Plate
CPB DPB TFB 4. Antarctic Plate and Pacific Plate
CPB DPB TFB 5. Pacific Plate and Australian Plate
CPB DPB TFB 6. North American Plate and Pacific Plate
CPB DPB TFB 7. Pacific Plate and Nazca Plate
CPB DPB TFB 8. Eurasian Plate and North American Plate
CPB DPB TFB 9. Philippine Plate and Eurasian Plate
CPB DPB TFB 10. Cocos Plate and Caribbean Plate
Diagram A: Divergent
____________________________________
Plate A PlateB ____________________________________
Diagram B: Convergent
____________________________________
____________________________________
Plate A PlateB
____________________________________
____________________________________
2. Based on the arrow, is there any difference in the direction of plate movements in divergent, convergent and
transform fault boundaries? How do they differ?
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Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
Objective: Identify the types of plate boundary base on the given characteristics.
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Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
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iii. Where continental crust meets
continental crust
Both continental crusts are too light to
subduct, so a continent-continent collision
occurs, creating especially large mountain
ranges. The most spectacular example of
this is the Himalayas.
2. Divergent (Constructive)
Boundaries –two plates are moving
apart. The space created can also fill
with new crustal material sourced
from molten magma that forms
below. Divergent boundaries can form
within continents but will eventually
open and become ocean basins. Figure 7. Divergent Boundary
Lifted from: https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/geology-plate-tectonics-
divergingdrawing-royalty-free-illustration/508753569?adppopup=true
i. On land
Divergent boundaries within continents
initially produce rifts, which produce rift
valleys.
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Activity 4. COMPLETE ME!
Adapted from: Science 10 Learner’s Material
Direction: Complete the table by providing the relative motion of plates and geologic features and events.
Objective:
A B C
Convergent
Transform fault
Direction: Fill the space of the Venn Diagram by providing information on the similarities and differences of
convergent boundary, divergent boundary and transform fault boundary.
Objective:
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Divergent Convergent
Transform fault
Concept The model does not Models presented the Models presented the
Accuracy present the concept concept somewhat correct. concept correctly.
correctly.
Creativity The model is not The model is original but Model expressed multiple
original and did mostly ideas are ideas in a unique way
not show new idea limited
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Activity 9. MAKE ME A PROFILE
Direction: Provide the necessary information to complete the sentence/paragraph describing plate tectonics
and the details on the types of plate boundaries.
Second, ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Lastly, _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Afrail Mae S. Sintos
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Missing Words:
Sliding, Earthquake, This is a __________plate margin. Here the two plates are _________
Created,tension, past each other. When the plates stick it causes ___________to build
destroyed,San
up. When this is released an ______ occurs. An example of this is on
Andreas,conservative
, Los Angeles the ______ ________ fault line in ______. Here crust is neither
_______ nor __________ volcanic eruptions do not occur.
Missing Words:
This is a ______________plate margin. Here the two plates are
Crust, Himalayas,
moving _______ each other. As both plates are ______ neither of
Eurasian, collision,
them can be _______. Therefore the _______ is crumpled upwards to
Indian,towards,
form _________ _________. An example of these would be the
subducted, fold
________. Where the __________ plate has collided with the
mountain,
________plate.
continental
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Afrail Mae S. Sintos
Activity 2.1- READ ME!
Read the following Science article below and answer the different guide questions.
THREE MAIN TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES
Lifted from: https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Earthquakes/Earthquakes-at-a-Plate-Boundary/Tectonic-Plates-and-
Plate-Boundaries
1. Convergent boundaries - two plates are colliding.
Subduction zones occur when one or both of the tectonic plates are composed of oceanic crust. The
denser plate is subducted underneath the less dense plate. The plate being forced under is eventually
melted and destroyed.
i. Where oceanic crust meets ocean crust
Island arcs and oceanic trenches occur when both of the plates are made of oceanic crust.
Zones of active seafloor spreading can also occur behind the island arc, known as back-arc
basins. These are often associated with submarine volcanoes.
ii. Where oceanic crust meets continental crust
The denser oceanic plate is subducted, often forming a mountain range on the continent.
The Andes is an example of this type of collision.
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iii. Where continental crust meets continental crust
Both continental crusts are too light to subduct, so a continent-continent collision occurs,
creating especially large mountain ranges. The most spectacular example of this is the
Himalayas.
2. Divergent boundaries –two plates are moving apart.
The space created can also fill with new crustal material sourced from molten magma that forms
below. Divergent boundaries can form within continents but will eventually open up and become
ocean basins.
i. On land
Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts, which produce rift valleys.
ii. Under the sea
The most active divergent plate boundaries are between oceanic plates and are often called
mid-oceanic ridges.
3. Transform boundaries – plates slide passed each other.
The relative motion of the plates is horizontal. They can occur underwater or on land, and crust is
neither destroyed nor created. Because of friction, the plates cannot simply glide past each other.
Rather, stress builds up in both plates and when it exceeds the threshold of the rocks, the energy is
released – causing earthquakes.
Guide Questions:
1. How subduction zone occurred in two colliding plates? ______
2. What happen when two plates are moving apart? _________
3. What will happen when oceanic crust converged with each other? ______
4. How is mountain ranges formed? __________
5. What will happen when two plates slide past each other?______
Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Afrail Mae S. Sintos
Activity 3: HEAT CONVECTION IN LIQUIDS
Adapted From: Science Project
(https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/convection-movement-heat-fluids/)
Objectives:
a. Identify convection current as possible cause of plate movement.
b. Describe events in the convection current that causes plate movements.
c. Create a diagram that demonstrate the process of convection current.
Materials
Clear quart container or jar
Water
Coffee mug or other container that can withstand heat
food coloring/plant pigment extract
Spoon
Dropper
Procedure
1. Fill the clear jar halfway with cold water.
2. Fill the coffee mug about ¼ full of hot water.
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3. Add 10 drops of food coloring (any color) to the hot water and stir.
4. Fill the dropper with hot water.
5. Lower the tip of the dropper until it is near the bottom of the large jar.
6. Carefully release two drops of hot water onto the cold water. Observe what happens,
looking at the side and top of the jar.
7. Add ten more drops, two drops at a time, observing what happens between each.
8. Once you have added all the hot liquid drops, observe the jar for an additional five
minutes. Your output should be like the picture below.
Analysis:
1. What happen to the hot water with food coloring as it drops in the cold water?
________________
2. How do they behave? ________________
3. What causes this phenomenon? ________________
4. Where in nature does convection occur? ________________
5. If convection didn’t occur, what would happen to the atmosphere? __________
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Afrail Mae S. Sintos
Activity 4: CONVECTION CELL
Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the
mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's
mantle. This strong outer layer is called the lithosphere, which is 100 km (60 miles) thick, according to
Encyclopedia Britannica. The lithosphere includes the crust and outer part of the mantle. Below the
lithosphere is the asthenosphere, which is malleable or partially malleable, allowing the lithosphere to
move around. How it moves around is an evolving idea.
One of the driving force behind plate tectonics is convection in the mantle. Hot material near the
Earth's core rises, and colder mantle rock sinks. "It's kind of like a pot boiling on a stove," Van der Elst
said. The convection drive plates tectonics through a combination of pushing and spreading apart at mid-
ocean ridges and pulling and sinking downward at subduction zones, researchers think.
Mid-ocean ridges are gaps between tectonic plates that mantle the Earth like seams on a baseball.
Hot magma wells up at the ridges, forming new ocean crust and shoving the plates apart. At subduction
zones, two tectonic plates meet and one slides beneath the other back into the mantle, the layer
underneath the crust. The cold, sinking plate pulls the crust behind it downward.
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Many spectacular volcanoes are found along subduction zones, such as the "Ring of Fire" that
surrounds the Pacific Ocean.
How is it possible for mantle rock to flow? Over millions of years, the great heat and pressure in the
mantle cause solid mantle rock to flow very slowly. Many geologists think that plumes of mantle rock rise
slowly from the bottom of the mantle toward the top. The hot rock eventually cools and sinks back
through the mantle. Over and over, the cycle of rising and sinking takes place. Convection currents like
these have been moving inside Earth for more than four billion years!
There are also convection currents in the outer core. These convection currents cause Earth’s
magnetic field. As the magma cools and solidifies, the convection currents will stop and the Earth will
become geologically dead.
Convection currents within the Earth's mantle are caused by hot material rising upwards, cooling,
and then dropping back toward the core. These currents are thought to be the driving force for tectonic
plate activity in the crust. The moving magma in the mantle carries the plates floating on top of it.
Direction: Answer the guide questions based on what you have read in the science articles above.
Guide questions:
1. What facilitates the movement of the plates? ____________
2. What will happen to the lithosphere when hot, less dense material spreads out as it reaches the
upper mantle causing upward and sideward forces? ____________
3. What will happen to the convergent boundaries when there is a downward movement of the
convection current? ____________
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Afrail Mae S. Sintos
There are a number of competing theories that attempt to explain what drives the
movement of tectonic plates. Three of the forces that have been proposed as the main drivers of
tectonic plate movement are:
mantle convection currents— warm mantle
currents drive and carry plates of lithosphere
along a like a conveyor belt;
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ridge push (buoyant upwelling mantle at mid-
ocean ridges) — newly-formed plates at
oceanic ridges are warm, and so have a higher
elevation at the oceanic ridge than the colder,
more dense plate material further away;
gravity causes the higher plate at the ridge to
push away the lithosphere that lies further
from the ridge;as the older seafloor sinks, the
weight of the uplifted ridge pushes the
oceanic crust toward the trench at the
subduction zone.
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Direction: Design an information campaign scheme to inform and increase emergency
preparedness of local folks in your hometown on the possibilities of an earthquake event in your
area. Choose on the following suggested options below.
1. Slogan
2. Poster
3. Song
4. Poem
5. Advertisement
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Kristine Joy D. Bunda
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Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Kristine Joy D. Bunda
Earth is made up of three types of plate boundaries. These are convergent, divergent and transform
boundaries. Each of these is made up of continental and oceanic plates.
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A convergent plate boundary is a location where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other, often
causing one plate to slide below the other in a process known as subduction. The collision of tectonic plates can
result in earthquakes, volcanoes, the formation of mountains, and other geological events.
Earth's surface is made up of two types of lithospheric plates: continental and oceanic. The crust that makes up
continental plates is thicker yet less dense than oceanic crust because of the lighter rocks and minerals that compose
it. Oceanic plates are made up of heavier basalt, the result of magma flows from mid-ocean ridges. When plates
converge, they do so in one of three settings:
Oceanic-Continental Boundary
When continental and oceanic plates collide, the thinner and denser oceanic plate is overridden by the thicker
and less dense continental plate. The oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle in a process known as
"subduction." As the oceanic plate descends, it is forced into higher temperature environments. Materials in the
subducting plate begin to approach their melting temperatures and a process of partial melting begins. This partial
melting produces magma chambers above the subducting oceanic plate.
For the oceanic crust, one important geologic feature is formed, and that is the trench. Also called submarine
valleys, ocean trenches are the deepest part of the ocean. One of the deepest is the Philippine trench with a depth
of 10,540 meters. Effects of a convergent boundary between an oceanic and continental plate include: a zone of
earthquake activity at varying depths
• ocean trench
• volcanic eruptions
Oceanic-Oceanic Boundary
When a convergent boundary occurs between two oceanic plates, one of those plates will subduct beneath the
other. Normally the older plate will subduct because of its higher density. The subducting plate is heated as it is
forced deeper into the mantle, and at a depth of about 100 miles (150 km) the plate begins to melt. Magma
chambers are produced as a result of this melting, and the magma is lower in density than the surrounding rock
material. Magma chambers that reach the surface break through to form a volcanic island arc parallel to the trench.
In the early stages of this type of boundary, the cones will be deep beneath the ocean surface but later grow to be
higher than sea level. This produces an island chain. Many parts of the Philippines originated from oceanic-oceanic
convergence. Effects that are found at this type of plate boundary include:
Continental-Continental Boundary
Continental-continental convergent boundaries pit large slabs of crust against each other. This results in very
little subduction, as most of the rock is too light to be carried very far down into the dense mantle. Instead, the
continental crust at these convergent boundaries gets folded, faulted, and thickened, forming great mountain chains
of uplifted rock.
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Formation of rift valleys and oceanic ridges are indications that the crust is spreading or splitting apart. In this
case, the plates are forming divergent boundaries wherein they tend to move apart. Most divergent boundaries are
situated along underwater mountain ranges called oceanic ridges. As the plates separate, new materials from the
mantle ooze up to fill the gap. These materials will slowly cool to produce new ocean floor.
In the transform fault, where plates slide past one another without the production or destruction of crust.
Because rocks are cut and displaced by movement in opposite direction, rocks facing each other on two sides of the
fault are typically of different type and age. These structures are so-called strike-slip faults.
When strike-slip movement halts due to increased friction at some location, stresses can build up that are released
in sudden slips. These may result in some of the most damaging earthquakes on continental crust. The San Andreas
Fault, the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey) or the Dolores-Guayaquil Megafault in the northern Andes are some
examples of huge strike-slip faults transecting continental crust.
Questions:
1. Convergent Plate Boundary will result to earthquakes, volcanoes, formation of mountains, and other
geological events. Explain how these geological processes/events occur due to this plate movement?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Site an evidence that prove Divergent Plate Boundaries can produce new ocean floor.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Explain the interaction between two plates sliding past each other. What geological process/event may
occur? _____________________________________________
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Directions: Complete the Concept Map using the terms in the list below and answer the
following questions.
Plate
Boundaries
At this point, we are quite aware that our country is susceptible to different disasters such as earthquakes,
volcanic eruption, and tsunamis. Therefore, it is a must for us to prepare and ensure our safety and survival when
these disasters strike.
For this activity, your goal is to help your family prepare for an impeding emergency. Your task is to prepare
an emergency kit for the whole family. Decide what items should be in your emergency kit.
Question:
What can you do to prepare for a disaster in your community? How can you help others affected by
disasters? ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Kristine Joy D. Bunda
Direction: Label each plate boundary by using the following vocabulary word bank. Some words may be used more
than once.
Vocabulary Terms:
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Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section:______________
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Catherine C. Dela Cruz
Activity 1: “GEOLOGY EVERYDAY!”
Instruction: Find all the words related to plate movement inside the puzzle by searching across, down or diagonally.
Using your own understanding describe each word in the space provided below.
FOSSILS ROCKS PLATE
CONTINENT
COAL JIGSAW
SEAFLOOR SPREADING PANGAEA
MAGNETIC REVERSAL TECTONIC
C A S E R O C K S W E R F F G A M
A S T H E M Y U O E R D F G J K C
T U U N T I T E C T O N I C S A V
F B G B I O L O G A H J C K L J B
O D B U D D I N G L O N O T Y I H
S U N E W U A Z X P L E A T Q G G
S C O R E S C O A O L E L E D S T
I M A G N E T I C R E V E R S A L
L O N T G H D F O A S D A T E W U
S V O L C O N T I N E N T W Q I O
S E S E A P L O O R S P R E A D J
O M A G N I T I C A S Z X C B H L
I T I M E Q P A N G A E A S I T K
L Z I P A Q W A T E R V B N J K U
S E A F L O O R S P R E A D I N G
1.Fossils _____________________________________________________________
2. Rocks _____________________________________________________________
3. Coal _____________________________________________________________
4. Jigsaw _____________________________________________________________
5. Tectonics _______________________________________________________________
6. Pangaea ________________________________________________________________
7. Plate _____________________________________________________________
8. Continent _______________________________________________________________
9. seafloor spreading ________________________________________________________
10. Magnetic Reversal________________________________________________________
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Subject: Science 10 Teacher: AFRAIL MAE S. SINTOS Score:______________
Objectives:
• Find clues to solve a problem.
• Recognize how the Continental Drift Theory developed.
Materials: Old newspaper or magazine, scotch tape
Procedure:
1. Cut the newspaper or magazine page into seven pieces. (any cut of your choice will do)
2. After cutting, try to fit the pieces together.
3. Use a tape to connect the pieces similar to the picture below. See the example below.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do the lines of prints or text in the newspaper / magazine help confirm that you have reassembled the
newspaper/ magazine perfectly?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Just like the newspaper/ magazine, explain how the continental drift theory developed.
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Catherine C. Dela Cruz
GUIDE CARD 1
Evidence from fossils
Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms (plant and animals) from remote past. They are useful in
dating geological material, because they indicate which species were alive at the time the rock was formed.
The geographic distribution of fossils is also useful in understanding how different species spread and evolved
over time. Fossilized leaves of an extinct plant Glossopteris were found in 250 million years old rocks. These
fossils were located in the continents of Southern Africa, Australia, India, and Antarctica, which are now
separated by wide oceans, the large seeds of this plant could not possibly travel a long journey by the wind or
survive a rough rise through ocean waves.
Evidence: Rocks
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Evidence: Coal Deposits
GUDE 2
In the place where two oceanic plates collide or where an oceanic plate and continental plate collide, a
subduction zone occurs. Subduction is a process in which the crust plunges back into the Earth. As the
new seafloor is formed at the mid-ocean ridge, the old seafloor farthest from the ridge is destroyed at
the subduction zone.
Findings that support Seafloor Spreading Theory:
1. Rocks are younger at the mid-ocean ridge.
2. Rocks far from the mid-ocean ridge are older.
3. Sediments are thinner at the ridge.
4. Rocks at the ocean floor are younger than those at the continents.
Seafloor spreading was strengthened with the discovery that the magnetic rocks near the ridge follow a
pattern aside from the fact that rocks near the ridge are remarkably younger than those farther from the
ridge. The Earth’s magnetic field is generated in the very hot molten outer core and has already existed
since the birth of our planet. The Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole, one that has a North Pole and South
Pole.
Magnetic reversal is also called magnetic ‘flip’ of the Earth. It happens when the North Pole is
transformed into a South Pole and the South Pole becomes the North Pole. This is due to the change
in the direction of flow of the outer core. The occurrence of magnetic reversals can be explained
through the magnetic patterns in magnetic rocks, especially those found in the ocean floor. When lava
solidifies iron bearing minerals crystallize, the minerals behave like a tiny compass and align with the
Earth’s magnetic field. So, when magnetic reversals occurs, there is also a change in the polarity of
rocks. This allowed scientists to visualize the magnetic stripes in the ocean floor.
Over the last 10 million years, there has been an average of 4 to 5 reversals per million years. New rocks are
added to the ocean floor at the ridge with an equal amount on both sides of the oceanic crust. The stripes on
both sides are equal size and polarity which seemed to be mirror images across the ridge. It indicates that
indeed, the seafloor is spreading.
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Activity 3. Complete the concept map below about the evidences of plate movement, continental drift, and
seafloor spreading.
How do evidences of continental drift and sea floor spreading prove that the plates move?
References: Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M.,
Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M.,
Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material.
Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
LAS Writer: Catherine C. Dela Cruz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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1ST QUARTER SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a space provided before the number.
1. Which of the following sequences correctly lists the different arrivals of seismic waves
from first to last?
a. S waves ... P waves .... Surface waves
b. P waves ... S waves .... Surface waves
c. P waves ... Surface waves .... S waves
d. Surface waves …. P waves ... S waves
2. How many seismograph stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
For question no. 3-5, refer to the diagram on the arrival of P and S waves below.
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16. Particles of hot soup rise slowly in a pot simmering on a stove. As the hot soup nears the
surface, it begins to cool. The cooler soup sinks, forming a constant movement of soup that
moves energy toward the surface of the pot. This constant movement of the soup in the pot is
called a(n) ____?
a. conduction loop
b. convection current
c. energy field
d. magnetic field
17. The part of the Earth with hot rock that is solid but slowly moves and bends.
a. crust
b. mantle
c. outer core
d. inner core
18. Hot matter is _________ dense and ___________.
a. less, sinks
b. less, rises
c. more, sinks
d. more, rises
19. What happens to magma that is heated up at the core?
a. It falls
b. It rises
c. stays at the top
d. stays at the bottom
20. What characteristic of the asthenosphere helps explain the evidence of crustal-plate motion?
a. the magnetic properties
b. the semiliquid physical state
c. the ability to deflect solar winds
d. the ability to absorb heat energy
21. Which of the following changes would end Earth's tectonic activity?
a. Earth's crust becomes a cooler solid
b. Earth's mantles becomes a warmer semiliquid
c. Earth's mantle becomes cooler and solid.
d. Earth's outer core becomes warmer.
22. The diagram represents the movement of the mantle under the earth's crust. Which process
is represented by the diagram?
a. rotation
b. conduction
c. radiation
d. convection
23. Convection currents in the mantle are thought to be the driving force behind tectonic
movement. At which location do the convection currents cause the plates to diverge?
a. strike-slip fault
b. subduction zone
c. mid oceanic ridges
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d. folded mountains
24. A rift valley formed by the movement of tectonic plates. Which movement of tectonic plates
caused the rift valley to form?
a. Two tectonic plates separated from each other.
b. Two tectonic plates collided with each other.
c. One tectonic plate slid under another.
d. One tectonic plate slid past another.
25. The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow
motion is the theory of?
a. subduction
b. plate tectonics
c. deep-ocean trenches
d. seafloor spreading
26. When the heat source is applied to a fluid, the convection currents in the fluid will
a. speed up.
b. change direction.
c. eventually stop.
d. continue at the same rate forever.
28. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by
a. conduction.
b. earthquakes.
c. convection currents in the mantle.
d. Earth’s magnetic field.
29. The lithospheric plates are believed to be moving slowly. What is the driving force that
facilitates this movement?
a. gravitational force of the moon
b. magnetic force at the pole
c. convection current in the mantle
d. the force of the atmosphere
30. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the
mantle is known as
a. convection.
b. continental drift
c. subduction
d. conduction
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a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c. Reverse fault
d. Transform fault
42. At what type of plate boundary do shallow-focus earthquakes occur?
a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c. transform fault
d. all of these
43. What is the name of the Mesozoic supercontinent that consisted of all of the present
continents?
a. Eurasia
b. Laurasia
c. Pangea
d. Iseltwald
44. Through which Earth layer are S waves NOT transmitted?
a. continental crust
b. inner core
c. ocean crust
d. outer core
45. What is the primary cause of volcanoes and earthquakes?
a. Crustal plate movement
b. Higher than usual tides
c. Earth’s gravitational force
d. Solar magnetic storms
46. A remainder of something that live long time ago.
a. Rocks
b. Fossils
c. Bones
d. Sediments
47. The scientists who study fossils.
a. Paleontologist
b. Biologist
c. Zoologist
d. Environmentalist
49. Which of the following is an example of fossils found in South America and Africa?
a. Mesosaurus
b. Glossopteris
c. Dinosaurs
d. None of the above
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50. A supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic era?
a. Earth
b. Continent
c. Pangaea
d. Laurasia
51. What do Glossopteris fossils tell us about the early position of the continents?
a. It proves that Antarctica had a tropical climate before.
b. It tells us that all the continents have tropical climate before.
c. It tells us that Australia was nearer to the equator before.
d. It proves that Antarctica had a cold climate before.
52. Mid-Ocean ridges form long chains of “___________” that rise up from the ocean floor.
a. Rivers
b. Valleys
c. Mountains
d. Rocks
53. What does the presence of Mesosaurus fossils tell about the initial location and positioning
of South America, Africa and Antarctica?
a. It tells us that Antarctica was nearer to the equator before.
b. It tells us that these continents were connected before because this kind of
animals cannot swim in the vast ocean.
c. It proves that these continents had a tropical climate before.
d. It proves that all the continents are the same location before.
54. A theory stating that the continents were once part of a large landmass called Pangaea.
a. Continental drift theory
b. Plate tectonic theory
c. Seafloor spreading theory
d. Slab Pull
55. The occurrence of magnetic reversals can be explained through ___________.
a. the magnetic patterns in magnetic rocks
b. the directions of the North Pole and South Pole
c. the location of the Earth in the solar system
d. the subduction of plate in the ocean floor
56. It is formed from the compaction and decomposition of swamp plants that lived million years
ago.
a. Rocks
b. Fossils
c. Coal beds
d. Fuel
57. A process by which new ocean floor is formed near the mid-ocean ridge and moves outward?
a. Subduction
b. Magnetic reversal
c. Seafloor spreading
d. Tectonics
58. The process in which the crust plunges back into the Earth.
a. Subduction
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b. Magnetic reversal
c. Seafloor spreading
d. Tectonic
59. A change in a planet’s magnetic field such that the position of magnetic north and south are
interchanged.
a. Seafloor spreading
b. Plate tectonics
c. Continental drift
d. Magnetic reversal
60. Rock formation of South America line up with that of ________________.
a. Asia
b. Africa
c. Antarctica
d. Europe
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