Results & Discussion:

 Energy production is heavily dependent on fossil fuels that are not only
diminishing, but also are considered the main cause of harmful emissions and
global warming. Therefore using vegetable oils such as Jatropha, palm, algae
and waste cooking oils as alternative fuels in diesel engines has drawn a great
attention.
 In this lab, we analyzed emissions of three different fuels i.e., ordinary diesel,
waste cooking oil and biodiesel were carried out on Lambordini engine
mounted on THEPRA test bed. Exhaust emissions such as CO, CO2, NOx, and
HC are measured and compared with each other.
 Results show that emissions varies considerably by using different blends of
diesel.
 CO, HC, CO2 and smoke emissions are lower for biodiesel compared “to diesel
fuel”. CO2 emissions for waste cooking oil are higher compared to diesel fuel.
NOX emissions from biodiesel increases than diesel fuel for all biodiesel blend
B10 and B20.

Effect CO emissions:
 For all tested fuels, it was observed that CO emission decreased with the increase of engine load
at part load then it returned to increase up at full load. This was due to the increase of fuel
consumption which led to a rich air-fuel mixture.
 Comparing with “pure diesel fuel”, a “significant reduction in CO emission throughout the
engine load range had been observed when biodiesel is used. This was due to more oxygen
content in biodiesel than diesel fuel that gave more complete combustion.

Effect on CO2 emissions:
 As the engine load increased, CO2 emission increased due to the higher fuel consumption
associated with load increase.
 Lower CO2 emissions were noticed for biodiesel compared to diesel oil. The reduction in CO2
emission was explained in terms of the higher oxygen content in compared to diesel oil.
 2018-AU-49
OPEN ENDED LAB
VEHICLE EMISSIONS LAB

 The increase in CO2 emission was due to the higher oxygen content in waste cooking oil
biodiesel blends compared to diesel oil.

Effect on NOx emissions:

 NOx emissions for biodiesel are higher than diesel oil. The increase of NOx emissions with the
increase of engine load” resulted from higher cylinder combustion temperature” and higher
adiabatic flame temperature.
 The formation of NOx was favored by higher cylinder combustion temperatures and availability
of oxygen.
 The combustion of biodiesel produced more NOx emission compared to diesel oil.

Effect on HC emissions:
 HC emissions for all tested fuels were lower at partial engine load, but had increased at higher
engine load. Large fuel particle size, injection timing, and nozzle choking also increased
combustion timing. This was due to the relatively less oxygen available when more fuel was
injected” at higher loads. Shorter ignition delay associated with fuels of higher cetane number
might also reduce the over mixed fuel which was the primary source of unburned hydrocarbons.
 HC emissions are lower for the tested biodiesel type and waste cooking oil mixtures compared
to diesel fuel.

Conclusion:

A single cylinder diesel engine was run using different fuels i.e. biodiesel, waste cooking oil and ordinary
diesel. Exhaust emissions were examined at different engine loads engine speed. Exhaust emissions such
as CO, CO2, NOx, and HC emissions were examined and compared with diesel fuel. The following
conclusions could be summarized as:

 CO, HC and smoke emissions were lower for the tested biodiesel type and waste cooking oil as
compared to diesel fuel.
 CO2 emissions from waste cooking oil were higher compared to diesel fuel and the biodiesel
fuel.
 NOX emissions; from biodiesel increased compared with diesel fuel for the examined biodiesel
blend.
 The obtained results were compared with previous results of other authors. This comparison
showed accepted conformity.

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