Group activity – Separation techniques

Group No Name of the students

1. 3.
Task-1: Label different parts of the apparatus.
______ 2. 4.
3.

Task-3: What is the difference between residue and

filtrate?

Task-4:
Name one hazard that may be careful of doing this
experiment.

Task-2: Name the technique above and give one How can you minimize the hazards?
example where you can use this in real life scenario.
Particulate Nature of Matter
There are three main states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases.
1. Draw the particle arrangement for each state of matter, in the boxes below.

solid liquid gas

The structure and arrangement of the particles determine the properties of each state of matter.
2. Complete the table by describing the properties for each state of matter.

Property Solid Liquid Gas

Is the density high high
or low?

Is the volume fixed variable

or variable?

Is the shape fixed fixed

or variable?

Can it be squashed difficult

easily?

How do the vibrate at a fixed point

particles move in
the structure?

How strong are the weak

bonds between the
particles?

What is the level medium

of energy in the
particles?

1 of 2
 Particulate Nature of Matter

Figure 1 shows the changes of state for water. Figure 1

3. State what is happening at points A to E on the diagram.

B
E A B
C

D
C D
E

4. What type of change is occurring when a substance transforms from one state of matter to
another?

5. Describe diffusion, using the words in the box.

concentration
fluid higher lower particles region
gradient

6. Explain two factors which would affect the rate of diffusion.

An ice cube is heated in a saucepan.

7. Explain what happens to the particles in the ice cube as the temperature increases.

8. Explain happens when the water reaches its boiling point.

2 of 2
Particulate Nature of Matter Answers
There are three main states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases.
1. Draw the particle arrangement for each state of matter, in the boxes below.

solid liquid gas

The structure and arrangement of the particles determine the properties of each state of matter.
2. Complete the table by describing the properties for each state of matter.

Property Solid Liquid Gas

Is the density high high high low
or low?

Is the volume fixed fixed fixed variable

or variable?

Is the shape fixed fixed variable variable

or variable?

Can it be squashed no difficult easy

easily?

How do the vibrate at a fixed vibrate and slide past rapid, random
particles move in point one another movement in all
the structure? directions

How strong are the strong moderate weak

bonds between the
particles?

What is the level low medium high

of energy in the
particles?
 Particulate Nature of Matter Answers

Figure 1 shows the changes of state for water. Figure 1

3. State what is happening at points A to E on the diagram.

A evaporation

B condensation

E A B
C melting

D freezing

C D
E sublimation

4. What type of change is occurring when a substance transforms from one state of matter to
another?
physical change

5. Describe diffusion, using the words in the box.

concentration
fluid higher lower particles region
gradient

Diffusion occurs when a fluid substance is at a higher concentration, there are more
particles in one region, and at a lower concentration, fewer particles, in another
region. This difference in concentration is called the concentration gradient.

6. Explain two factors which would affect the rate of diffusion.

Any two of the following:
• Increasing the temperature would mean more energy is transferred to the particles
as kinetic energy. The particles would begin to move faster and diffuse more quickly.
• A steeper concentration gradient would mean that the particles diffuse and move
towards equilibrium more quickly.
• A greater surface area (of diffusion membrane) would increase the rate of diffusion
because there are more surfaces where the diffusion can occur.
• A greater surface area (of solute) would increase the rate of diffusion because there
are more particles to diffuse, and more easily.

An ice cube is heated in a saucepan.

7. Explain what happens to the particles in the ice cube as the temperature increases.
The heat energy is transferred to particles as kinetic energy. The particles begin to
vibrate more rapidly and the bonds between the particles weaken. The ice cube begins
to melt.

8. Explain happens when the water reaches its boiling point.

The particles move more freely and rapidly until some particles have sufficient kinetic
energy to move away from the structure and become free gas particles.
Q1.
(a) (i) State the meaning of the term solute.
(1)
.........................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) State the meaning of the term solvent.

(1)
.........................................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain what is meant by a saturated solution.

(2)
........................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................

(c) A dark purple liquid is diluted by adding water.

The diluted liquid becomes a pale purple colour. Explain the process that causes this change.
Refer to particles in your answer.
(2)
.........................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................

Q2.
Some sugar is added to cold water in a beaker.

After some time, all the sugar dissolves and spreads throughout the water.

(a) (i) Name the process that occurs which causes the sugar to spread throughout the water.
(1)
(ii) State two ways to make the sugar dissolve more quickly.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(b) Pure water can be obtained from the sugar solution using this apparatus.

(i) Name the process used to obtain pure water from the sugar solution.
(1)
........................................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain the purpose of the piece of apparatus labelled X.
(2)
..........................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Mark Scheme
Q1.

Q2.
 Task – A
Q.1

Liquid

Q.2 (a)

b)

Q.3

Because: (choose one from the below) -

i) The particles in air are far apart and can be compressed further whereas in sugar and water particles are
very close together
ii) In sugar and water particles have more energy as compared to the air particles which have very little
energy, so it is to compress further.
 Task – B
Q.1

Q.2 (a)

b) Describe 3 states of matter in terms of their shape, volume, and movement (how do they flow).

Q.3
 Group activity – Separation techniques
Group No Name of the students

Task-1: Label different parts of the apparatus. 1. 3.

______ 2. 4.
3.

Task-3: Write down the three stages involved in this technique and
identify them by putting 1/2/3 in the diagram

Task-4:
Name two hazards of doing this experiment.
How can you minimize the hazards?

Task-2: Name the technique and given one

example where you can use this in real life.

What are the main difference between

Extension
simple and fractional distillation techniques?
Group activity – Separation techniques
Group No Name of the students
Task-1: Label different parts in the diagram. 1. 3.
____________ 2. 4.

Task-3: Why should the water level be below the colour sample?

Task-2: Name the technique and given one

example where you can use this in real life.

Extension: What is Rf-value? Write down the
formula for the Rf-value.
Task-4:
The above diagram shows the appearance of the paper before and after the
experiment.
Suggest why food colouring F did not move during the experiment?

How many food dyes are there in food colouring E? __________

Group activity – Separation techniques
Group No Name of the students
Task-1: Label different parts of the apparatus. 1. 3.
____________
2. 4.

Task-3: Write one sentence what happens when you heat the
mixture in this technique.

Task-4: Name two hazards of doing this experiment.

Task-2: Name the technique and given one How can you minimize the hazards
example where you can use this in real life.

Extension
What is the main difference between
evaporation and filtration techniques?
GCSE Chemistry Topic 2: Bonding, Structures and Properties Rocket Sheet Worksheet

States of Matter
Chemistry Name:

Launch
Which of the following can flow? List 3 things that determine how strong the forces between
particles in a material are:
Solid Liquid Gas
Which of the following can be compressed? •
Solid Liquid Gas
•
Which of the following has a definite shape?
Solid Liquid Gas •

Main Stage

The table below shows 3 different states of matter using the simple particle model. Draw the model for
gas and complete the descriptions for solid and gas states in the table.

Solid Liquid Gas

Liquids have a random

arrangement, but particles are
still close together giving them a
fixed volume. The particles can
move around each other which
allows liquids to flow.

Boost Landing
The particle theory is a great way to explain the Match the state with the state symbol:
behaviour of particles at different states. Describe Solid (g)
Liquid (aq)
2 assumptions that the theory makes.
Gas (l)
Aqueous (s)

Using the particle model, tick the correct statements and

cross the incorrect statements:

What is a fluid?  Gas particles travel in straight lines

 Liquids can be compressed
 Particles in solids can move past each other
Why do liquids expand when heated?  Solids, liquids and gases all expand when heated
 Gas particles move faster when heated
 Particles in solids don’t move at all

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