Lear UNE Online Titration of Oxalic Acid with KMnO4 What is Meant by Potassium Permanganate Titration? Titration of potassium permanganate with oxalic acid is a type of redox titration which is one of the titration experiments included in the chemistry practical syllabus of Class 12 CBSE. Here in this article, we will be discussing the complete experiment in detail Aim To determine the concentration/molarity/strength of potassium permanganate (KMnO,) solution by titrating it against a 0.1M standard solution of oxalic acid (COOH-COOH). Theory KMnO, is an oxidizing agent which works in an acidic medium more strongly than an alkaline medium. So, for quantitative analysis potassium permanganate is generally used in an acidic medium only. Its oxidizing action can be represented by the following reaction in an acidic medium - Reaction MnO,-+8H++5e-Mn++4H,0 We use sulphuric acid in this titration with KMn©,, The solution which contains MnO4- ion in it is purple in color. While the solution containing Mn*2 ions is colorless. Thus, potassium permanganate when reacts with a reducing agent it works as a self-indicator also. In the experiment, oxalic acid acts as a reducing agent and KMnO, is taken in an acidic medium of HySO,. So, there is no need for an indicator as potassium permanganate will act as a self-indicator. Thus, oxalic acid can be titrated against potassium permanganate which includes the following reactions — Reduction Half-reactionLear UNE Online ANIINUZTOM2OUENOUATLMNDUZTONQUTY Oxidation Half-reaction HyC204+060°CCO7+H,0 5 2MnO4-+5C042-+16H+2Mn++10COz+8H,0 Here, in the above reaction, 2MnO,- is reduced to Mn?" while C2042- oxidized to CO2, Initially, when we add potassium permanganate into a conical flask containing oxalic acid, it gets discharged and the solution remains colourless. After complete consumption of oxalic acid ions, the endpoint is indicated by a pink colour due to excess of unreacted potassium permanganate (pink in colour). Potassium permanganate reacts with sulphuric acid and forms manganese sulphate which works as a catalyst for the reduction of MnO4-. That's why the rate of reaction is slow in the beginning while faster as it proceeds further. Material Required Measuring flask, burette, burette stand, pipette, conical flask, funnel, weighing bottle, glazed tile(white), burner, wire gauze, chemical balance, oxalic acid, potassium permanganate solution, 1.0 M sulphuric acid. Apparatus Setup Potassium permanganate solution should be taken in the burette and oxalic acid solution should be taken in a conical flask. Procedure - 1 Preparation of 0.1M Standard Solution of Oxalic Acid.Lear UNE Online molecular weight Equivalent weight of oxalic acid = t£Zt-———___-+—_____—_ a : mumber of electrons lost by one molecule Equivalent weight of oxalic acid is 63. Normality = molecular weight Equivalent mass of solute molarity =12663 0.1 =0.2N Strength = Normality Equivalent weight Normality Strength = —————*»_ __ Equivalent weight = 02 63 N =12.6g/l 20 For the preparation of 4 litre of oxalic acid solution the amount of oxalic acid required is 12.6g. The following steps should be followed - 1. Weigh 12.69 of oxalic acid using a weighing machine. 2. Now take the weighted oxalic acid in a measuring flask and add distilled water to make the volume 1 litre. 3. This solution is a 0.2N standard solution of oxalic acid. Procedure 2Lear UNE Online Potassium Permanganate Solution Titration with an Oxalic Acid Solution. 1. Rinse and fill a clean burette with potassium permanganate solution. Burette must have a glass stop cock as rubber will get affected by permanganate ions. nN Remove the air bubbles from the nozzle of the burette. @ . Take 10 ml of oxalic acid solution in a clean conical flask. Add 5ml of 1.0M sulphuric acid toit. Heat the solution up to 50-60°C before titrating it with potassium permanganate solution. To increase the visibility of the colour, Keep the white tile below the conical flask. Note the initial reading of the burette containing potassium permanganate. ~~ ef P Now start adding potassium permanganate through the burette in small quantities into a hot oxalic acid solution. a Keep swirling the contents of the flask slowly. = Initially purple (pink) colour of potassium permanganate is discharged on reaction with oxalic acid. 0. When a permanent pink colour appears, it indicates the end point 1. Note down the upper meniscus of the burette containing potassium permanganate. 2. Repeat the titration till three times to obtain 3 concordant readings. Observation Table S.No Volume of Burette readings Volume of Oxalic acid in KMnO, used ml Initial (x) Final (y) V=(y-x) mlLear UNE Online Calculations The strength of potassium permanganate solution in terms of molarity can be calculated by the following formula — aymyvj=agmyv> a; = number of electrons lost per formula unit of oxalic acid in a balanced equation of half cell reaction which is 2. a2 = number of electrons gained per formula unit of potassium permanganate in the balanced equation of half cell reaction which is 5. M; = molarity of oxalic acid solution Mg = molarity of potassium permanganate solution. Vj = volume of oxalic acid solution V2 = volume of potassium permanganate solution On putting the value of a; and a, Oxalic acid and Potassium permanganate 2mqv;=5m2V2 _ 2MV, ~ 5M2V, la For calculating the strength of the solution,Lear UNE Online Strength = Molarity Molar mass Result — 1. Molarity of potassium permanganate solution - 2. Strength of potassium permanganate solution - Precautions Following precautions should be taken while performing the experiment - oe AN Oe 10. 11. Always rinse the burette and take out the bubbles at the nozzle of the burette. . Always rinse the burette and other flasks with distilled water before using. KMn0, is a dark colour solution so always use upper meniscus reading Use sulphuric acid for acidifying the potassium permanganate. Don't use HCI or nitric acid. Maintain the temperature of the oxalic acid solution at 50-60'C. Do not use rubber cork. The strength of the solution should be taken till three decimals. Never use a burette with a broken nozzle. While noting reading at the endpoint, no drop should be hanging at the nozzle of the burette. Endpoint should be detected carefully and precisely. The pipette should be used carefully. 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