Magnetic field & field lines

Magnetic field due to current

carrying conductors

Electromagnets & its uses

Force on current carrying conductors

Electromagnetic Induction

Lenz’s law

Comparison of AC and DC
Magnetic field & field lines

Magnetic field due to current

carrying conductors

Electromagnets & its uses

Force on current carrying

conductors

Electromagnetic Induction

Lenz’s law

Comparison of AC and DC
Oersted’s KHAUFNAK experiment on
Magnetic effect of current
Oersted’s in his experiment observed that
“when an electric current is passed
through a conducting wire, a magnetic
field is produced around it”
Magnetic field & field lines
Place a magnet & iron filings on a
piece of paper.
Pattern of magnetic field lines.
Properties of magnetic field lines.

● Magnetic field lines emerge from the

north and merge at the south.
Properties of magnetic field lines.

● Magnetic field lines emerge from the

north and merge at the south.

● Inside the magnet lines goes from

South to north
Properties of magnetic field lines.

● Magnetic field lines emerge from the

north and merge at the south.

● Inside the magnet lines goes from

South to north

● They Are always closed loop.

Properties of magnetic field lines.

● Concentrated at places where

magnetic field is strong
Properties of magnetic field lines.

● Spread at places where

magnetic field is weak
Properties of magnetic field lines.

● Magnetic field lines never

intersect each other.
Properties of magnetic field lines are:

1. Concentrated at places of strong

magnetic field.
2. Spread apart at places of weak
magnetic field.
3. Outside the magnet, field lines go
from north to south.
4. Inside the magnet, field lines go from
south to north.
5. Field lines never intersect each other.
Q1. A plotting compass is placed near the
south pole of a bar magnet. The pointer of
the plotting compass will

A B
Point away from the S Point parallel to the S
pole pole

C D
Point at right angles to
Point towards the S pole
the S pole
Q1. A plotting compass is placed near the
south pole of a bar magnet. The pointer of
the plotting compass will

A B
Point away from the S Point parallel to the S
pole pole

C D
Point at right angles to
Point towards the S pole
the S pole
 Magnetic Field through current
carrying conductors

Straight wire
 Magnetic Field through current
carrying conductors

Straight wire

Circular coil
 Magnetic Field through current
carrying conductors

Straight wire Solenoid

Circular coil
When current is passed through the
straight wire, iron filings arrange in
concentric circles
Magnetic field lines are concentric
circles around the straight
conductor
Direction of magnetic field lines
can be found out by Right Hand
thumb rule
When current is passed the iron filings
arrange in concentric circle.
Magnetic lines of force are concentric
circles around the conductor.
Circular loop can be considered as a
collection of straight conductors
 If the current flows in clockwise the
magnetic pole is SOUTH
If the current flows in anticlockwise the
magnetic pole is NORTH
Magnetic Field through current carrying
Solenoid
Magnetic Field through current carrying
Solenoid
Factors which affect the strength of
magnetic field

● Number of turns in the solenoid

● Magnetic field strength can be
increased by increasing the
current
● Inserting a soft iron core
 Q2: For a current in the long straight
solenoid N and S poles are created at the
two ends. Among the following statement,
the incorrect statement is
A
The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of
straight lines which indicate that magnetic field is same
at all points inside the solenoids

B
The strong magnetic field produced inside the
solenoid can be used to magnetize a piece of magnetic
material like soft iron , when placed inside the coil

C
The pattern of magnetic field associated with the
solenoid is different from the pattern of magnetic field
around a bar magnet

D
The N and S poles exchange position when the
direction of current through the solenoid is reversed.
 Q2: For a current in the long straight
solenoid N and S poles are created at the
two ends. Among the following statement,
the incorrect statement is
A
The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of
straight lines which indicate that magnetic field is same
at all points inside the solenoids

B
The strong magnetic field produced inside the
solenoid can be used to magnetize a piece of magnetic
material like soft iron , when placed inside the coil

C
The pattern of magnetic field associated with the
solenoid is different from the pattern of magnetic field
around a bar magnet

D
The N and S poles exchange position when the
direction of current through the solenoid is reversed.
Electromagnet
Electromagnet is a temporary
strong magnet made by passing
current in a coil wound around a
piece of soft iron
Electromagnet is a temporary
strong magnet made by passing
current in a coil wound around a
piece of soft iron
 Electromagnet

Horse shoe
Bar magnet
magnet
(I shape)
(U shape)
Construction of I shaped
Electromagnet
Construction of U shaped
Electromagnet
 Ways of increasing magnetic
field of electromagnets

● By increasing the number of turns of

winding in the solenoid
● By increasing the current through the
solenoid
Difference Between Electromagnet and Permanent Magnet

Electromagnet Permanent Magnet

The magnetic properties are Magnetic properties exist when the

displayed when current is passed material is magnetized
through it

The strength is adjusted depending The strength depends upon the nature
upon the amount of flow of current of the material used in its creation

Removal of magnetic properties is Once magnetic properties is lost, it

temporary becomes useless

It requires a continuous supply of It doesn’t require a continuous supply of

electricity to maintain its magnetic electricity to maintain its magnetic field
field.

It is usually made of soft materials It is usually made of hard materials

The poles of this kind of magnet can The poles of this kind of magnet cannot
be altered with the flow of current be changed.
 Uses of ELECTROMAGNETS

● For lifting and transporting heavy

scraps, grinders, plates etc
 Uses of ELECTROMAGNETS

● For loading the furnaces with iron

 Uses of ELECTROMAGNETS

● For separating iron pieces from debris

and ores, where iron exist as impurities
 Uses of ELECTROMAGNETS

● For removing the pieces of iron from

wounds
 Uses of ELECTROMAGNETS

● In scientific research , to study the

magnetic properties of a substance in a
magnetic field
● In several electrical devices such as
electric bell, telegraph, electric tram,
electric motor, relay, microphone , loud
speaker etc…
Q3: An electromagnet is

A B

permanent temporary

C D

insulator conductor
Q3: An electromagnet is

A B

permanent temporary

C D

insulator conductor
Force on a current carrying
conductor
As current flows from A to B, Magnetic
field is induced in the conductor AB
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
Direction of magnetic direction of movement
field reserves reverses
Direction of current
reserves

Direction of field by
conductor reverses

direction of movement
reverses
Direction of force applied by a
magnet is affected by

1. Direction of Magnetic
field

2. Direction of Current
Factors affecting Lorentz Force

1. Electric current

2. Magnetic field of the

magnet

3. Length of the conductor

Q4: The force on a wire inside a magnetic field
increase when

A B
Strength of magnetic
Current is increased
field increases

C D
Length of wire is
All of the above
increased
Q4: The force on a wire inside a magnetic field
increase when

A B
Strength of magnetic
Current is increased
field increases

C D
Length of wire is
All of the above
increased
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