Design of Footing for Two Exterior Columns

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There are three solutions

1- Design of Combined Footing

2- Design of Strap Footing.

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3- Design of Trapezoidal Footing.

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Design of Trapezoidal Footing for two exterior columns

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Design Steps

Ground surface

1- Resultant force ( R )
R = Pc1 + Pc2
get R=√

R * S = Pc1 * (𝑏1 /2) + Pc2 * [ L - (𝑏2 /2)]

get S=√

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2- Footing Area (A) and dimensions (a , b) 𝑷𝑪𝟏  𝑷𝑪𝟐

𝑅
A=
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑛𝑒𝑡 Ground surface

get A = √
To determine the Footing’s dimensions (a, b)

𝑎+𝑏
A= *L (1)
2

𝐿 𝑎+2𝑏
S= *( ) (2)
3 𝑎+𝑏
By solving Equations (1) and (2)

get a and b

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3- Actual stress (𝒇𝒏 )

𝑅 Ground surface
𝑓𝑛 =
𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡
get 𝑓𝑛 = √
We need to transfer the contact stress 𝑓𝑛 to line
(distributed) load ( f ) to draw the S.F.D and
B.M.D under the longitudinal direction

𝑓1 =𝑓𝑛 * a

𝑓2 =𝑓𝑛 * b

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4- Shear Force Diagram (S.F.D)

By using the relation between the line load
and the shear force

• 1 − 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑓1 −𝑓2
𝑓(𝑥) =𝑓1 - [( ) * x]
𝐿

2 − 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑓 −𝑓 𝑥2
𝑄(𝑥) = ʃ 𝑓𝑥 * 𝑑𝑥 =𝑓1 ∗ x - [( 1 2) * ] - 𝑃𝑐1
𝐿 2

3 − 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑥2 𝑓 −𝑓 𝑥3 𝑏1
𝑀(𝑥) = ʃ 𝑄𝑥 * 𝑑𝑥 =𝑓1 ∗ - [( 1 2) * ] - 𝑃𝑐1 * (x- )
2 𝐿 6 2

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𝑆. 𝐹. 𝐷
𝑓 −𝑓 𝑥2
𝑄(𝑥) = ʃ 𝑓𝑥 * 𝑑𝑥 =𝑓1 ∗ x - [( 1 2) * ] - 𝑃𝑐1
𝐿 2

𝑓 −𝑓 𝑏12
𝑄(𝑎) = 𝑄(𝑥=𝑏1) = 𝑓1 ∗ 𝑏1 - [( 1 2) * ] - 𝑃𝑐1
𝐿 2

𝑓 −𝑓 (𝐿−𝑏2)2
𝑄(𝑏) = 𝑄(𝑥=𝐿−𝑏2) = 𝑓1 ∗ (𝐿 − 𝑏2 ) - [( 1 2) * ] - 𝑃𝑐1
𝐿 2

𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 ( Max. Moment)

occurs at distance (Z)

𝑓1 −𝑓2 𝑍2
𝑓1 ∗ 𝑍 - [( )* ] = 𝑃𝑐1
𝐿 2
get Z=√

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𝐵. 𝑀. 𝐷
𝑀(+𝑣𝑒) under the columns' center

For Left Column For Right Column

b1 b2
at x = at x = ( L - )
2 2

𝑥2 𝑓 −𝑓 𝑥3 𝑏1
𝑀(𝑥) = ʃ 𝑄𝑥 * 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓1 ∗ - [( 1 2) * ] - 𝑃𝑐1 * (x- )
2 𝐿 6 2

𝑏1 2 𝑏1 3
( ) 𝑓 −𝑓 ( )
𝑀(𝑒) = 𝑀(𝑥=𝑏1/2) = 𝑓1 ∗ 2
- [( 1 2) * 2
] - 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
2 𝐿 6

𝑏2 2 𝑏2 3
(𝐿− ) 𝑓 −𝑓 (𝐿− ) 𝑏2 𝑏1
𝑀(𝑓) = 𝑀(𝑥 = L − b2) = 𝑓1 ∗ 2
- [( 1 2) * 2
] - 𝑃𝑐1 * (𝐿 − - )
2
2 𝐿 6 2 2

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𝐵. 𝑀. 𝐷
𝑀(−𝑣𝑒) Maximum value at zero shear point

at x = Z

𝑍2 𝑓1 −𝑓2 𝑍3 𝑏1
𝑀(𝑥=𝑍) = 𝑓1 ∗ - [( 𝐿 ) * ] - 𝑃𝑐1 * (Z- )
2 6 2

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5- Footing depth (d)

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥.
𝑑 =𝑘1
𝐵 𝑎𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑥.𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑡 = 𝑑 + 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟

Cover = 5 cm to 10 cm

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6- Check on shear
Critical section for shear at distance d/2 from
the column face
• For Left column
shear occurs at x = 𝑏1 + d/2 and by using the shear function
get 𝑄1
𝑄1
𝑞𝑠ℎ1 =
𝑑 ∗𝐵1
≤ 6.5 kg/𝑐𝑚2

• For Right column

shear occurs at x = 𝐿 − (𝑏1 + d/2) get 𝑄2

𝑄2
𝑞𝑠ℎ2 =
𝑑 ∗𝐵2
≤ 6.5 kg/𝑐𝑚2

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7- Check on Punch
Critical section for punch at distance d/2 around the column

• For Left column

𝑄𝑃𝑢 = 𝑃𝑐1 − 𝑓𝑛 [ (𝑏1 + d/2) * (ℎ1 + d) ]
𝑄𝑝𝑢
𝑞𝑝𝑢 =
𝑑 ∗ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
≤ 8.0 kg/𝑐𝑚2

• For Right column

𝑄𝑃𝑢 = 𝑃𝑐2 − 𝑓𝑛 [ (𝑏2 + d/2) * (ℎ2+ d) ]
𝑄𝑝𝑢
𝑞𝑝𝑢 =
𝑑 ∗ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
≤ 8.0 kg/𝑐𝑚2

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8- Reinforcement (𝐴𝑆 )
Longitudinal direction

• Top RFT
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥.
𝐴𝑆1 =
𝑑 ∗ 𝑘2

• Bottom RFT
𝑀(𝑒)
𝐴𝑆2 =
𝑑 ∗ 𝑘2

𝑀(𝑓)
𝐴𝑆3 =
𝑑 ∗ 𝑘2

𝐴𝑆,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.15 % ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝑡

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Short (transverse) direction

• For Left column

𝐵3 + a
𝐴1 = (𝑏1 + d) * ( 2
)

𝑃𝐶1
𝑓𝑛1 =
𝐴1
𝑦1
𝑀1−1 = 𝑓𝑛1 ∗ (𝑏1 + d) * 𝑦1 *
2

𝑀1−1
𝐴𝑆1−1 =
𝑑 ∗ 𝑘2

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• For Right column

𝐵4 + b
𝐴2 = (𝑏2 + d) * ( )
2

𝑃𝐶2
𝑓𝑛2 =
𝐴2
𝑦2
𝑀2−2 = 𝑓𝑛2 ∗ (𝑏2 + d) * 𝑦2 *
2

𝑀2−2
𝐴𝑆2−2 =
𝑑 ∗ 𝑘2

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Reinforcement’s details

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Example
Design a suitable footing for an exterior column ( 40 x 40) cm carrying a
working load of (6o t) and another exterior column ( 30 x 30) cm carrying a
load of (4o t). The distance center to center of columns is 3.0 m. The net
allowable soil pressure is 1.0 kg/𝒄𝒎𝟐

Solution

1- Resultant force ( R )
R = 60 + 40 = 100 𝑡
S
R
100 * S = 60 * (0.4/2) + 40 * [ 3.35 - (0.3/2)]

S = 1.4 m
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2- Footing Area (A) and dimensions (a , b)

𝑅 100
A=𝑞 = 10
= 10 𝑚2
𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑛𝑒𝑡

To determine a and b
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
A= *L 10 = * 3.35 (1)
2 2

𝐿 𝑎+2𝑏 3.35 𝑎+2𝑏

S= * ( 𝑎+𝑏 ) 1.4 = * ( 𝑎+𝑏 ) (2)
3 3

By solving Equations (1) and (2)

get a = 4.45 m and b = 1.50 m

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3- Actual stress (𝒇𝒏 )

100
𝑓𝑛 = 4.45+1.5 = 9.96 t/𝑚2
( 2
)∗3.35

𝑓1 =𝑓𝑛 * a = 9.96 * 4.45 = 44.5 t/m

𝑓2 =𝑓𝑛 * b = 9.96 * 1.5 = 15 t/m

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4− S. F. D and B.M.D
𝑓 −𝑓 𝑏12
𝑄(𝑎) = 𝑄(𝑥=𝑏1) = 𝑓1 ∗ 𝑏1 - [( 1 2) * ] - 𝑃𝑐1
𝐿 2

44.5−15 0.42
𝑄𝑎 = 44.5 ∗ 0.4 - [( ) * ] - 60 = −42.9𝑡
3.35 2
44.5−15 3.052
𝑄𝑐 = 44.5 ∗ (3.35 − 0.3) - [( ) * ] - 60 = +34.76𝑡
3.35 2

𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 ( Max. Moment)

44.5−15 𝑍2
44.5 ∗ 𝑍 - [( ) * ] = 60 Z
3.35 2

44.5 𝑧 - 4.403𝑍 2 - 60 = 0
get Z = 1.6 m

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𝐵. 𝑀. 𝐷
0.4 2 0.4 3
( ) 44.5−15 ( )
𝑀(𝑒) = 44.5 ∗ 2
- [( ) * 2
] - 0 = 0.9 t.m
. 2 3.35 6

(3.2)2 44.5−15 (3.2)3

𝑀(𝑓) = 44.5 ∗ - [( ) * ] - 60* (3) = 0.25 t.m
. 2 3.35 6

𝑍2 𝑓 −𝑓 𝑍3 𝑏1
𝑀(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝑓1 ∗ - [( 1 2) * ] - 𝑃𝑐1 * (Z- )
2 𝐿 6 2

1.62 44.5−15 1.63 0.4

𝑀(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 44.5 ∗ - [( ) * ] - 60* (1.6- ) = -33.05 t.m
2 3.35 6 2

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5- Footing depth (d)

33.05∗10^5
𝑑 =0.36 304
= 38 cm

𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒅 = 𝟒𝟑 𝒄𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒄𝒎

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6- Check on shear
• For Left column
shear occurs at x = 𝑏1 + d/2 = 0.615 m

44.5−15 0.6152
𝑄(1) = 44.5 ∗ 0.615 - [( ) * ] - 60 = 34.3 t
3.35 2

𝑄1 34.3∗1000
𝑞𝑠ℎ1 =
𝑑 ∗𝐵1
= 43 ∗395
= 2 kg/𝑐𝑚2 ≤ 6.5 kg/𝑐𝑚2 0.615 m
0.515 m

• For Right column 3.95 m

1.96 m

shear occurs at x = 𝐿 − (𝑏1 + d/2) = 3.35 – 0.515 = 2.83 m

44.5−15 2.832
𝑄(2) = 44.5 ∗ 2.83 - [( ) * ] - 60 = 30.7 t
3.35 2

𝑄2 30.7∗1000
𝑞𝑠ℎ1 =
𝑑 ∗𝐵2
= 43 ∗196
= 3.65 kg/𝑐𝑚2 ≤ 6.5 kg/𝑐𝑚2

shear ----- safe

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7- Check on Punch
• For Left column
𝑄𝑃𝑢 = 60 − 9.96( 0.615* 0.83) = 54.9 t
Perimeter = 0.615 + 0.83 + 0.615 = 2.06 m
54.9 ∗1000
𝑞𝑝𝑢 =
43 ∗206
= 6.2 kg/𝑐𝑚2 ≤ 8.0 kg/𝑐𝑚2

• For Right column

𝑄𝑃𝑢 = 40 − 9.96( 0.515* 0.73) = 36.52 t
Perimeter = 0.515 + 0.73 + 0.515 = 1.76 m
36.52
𝑞𝑝𝑢 =
43 ∗176
= 4.83 kg/𝑐𝑚2 ≤ 8.0 kg/𝑐𝑚2

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8- Reinforcement (𝐴𝑆 )
Longitudinal direction

• Top RFT
33.05 ∗10^5
𝐴𝑆1 = = 62.1 𝑐𝑚2 = 20  20 mm
43 ∗1237

Or us t = 70 cm , thereby d= 63 cm to decrease the area of steel As

• Bottom RFT
𝐴𝑆,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.15 % ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝑡
𝐴𝑆,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.15 % ∗ 300 ∗ 70 = 31.5 𝑐𝑚2 = 16  16 mm

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Short (transverse) direction

• For Left column

3.50+ 4.45
𝐴1 = (1.03) * (
2
)= 3.97 𝑚2

60
𝑓𝑛1 =
3.97
= 15.11 t/ 𝑚2
1.82
𝑀1−1 =15.11 ∗ 1.03 * 1.82* = 25.7 t.m
2

25.7 ∗10^5
𝐴𝑆1−1 =
63 ∗1237
= 33.1 𝑐𝑚2 = 11  20 mm

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• For Right column

1.5+ 2.13
𝐴2 = (0.93) * (
2
)= 1.7 𝑚2

40
𝑓𝑛2 =
1.7
= 23.5 t/ 𝑚2
0.75
𝑀2−2 =23.5 ∗ 0.93 * 0.75* = 6.15 t.m
2

6.15 ∗10^5
𝐴𝑆 2−2 =
63 ∗1237
= 7.9 𝑐𝑚2 = 8  12 mm

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Eng. Reda Ali

Warm Regards,
REDA ALI ABDELHALIM