SEMANTICS- Week 14

Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with ONE suitable word.
1. Semantics is a branch of linguistic which deals with meaning.
2. A contradiction is a sentence that is necessarily false, as a result of the
senses of the words in it.
3. A sentence is an ideal string of words put together by the grammatical
rules of a language.
4. A proposition is that part of the meaning of the utterance of a declarative
sentence which describes some state of affairs.
5. Anomaly is a violation of semantics rules to create nonsense.
6. Any ambiguity resulting from the ambiguity of a word is lexical ambiguity.
7. Semantic meaning is context-free whereas pragmatic meaning is context-
dependent.
8. Semantic features are the smallest units of meaning in a word.
9. Polysemy is a relation in which a single word has two or more slightly
different but closely related ___meanings____.
10.Somethings that ___logical___ follows from what is asserted in the
utterance is an entailment .
11.____anomaly___ is a violation of semantic rules to create nonsense.
12.A ____contradiction______ sentence that is necessarily false, as a result of
the senses of the words in it.
13.A _____sentence___ is an ideal string of words put together by the
grammatical rules of a language.
14.A _____proposition____ is that part of the meaning of the utterance of a
declarative sentence which describes some state of affairs.
15.Semantics is a branch of linguistics which deals with ____meaning____.
16.Any ambiguity resulting from the ambiguity of a ___word __is lexical
ambiguity.
17.___semantic___ meaning is context-free whereas pragmatic meaning is
context-dependent.
18.Semantic_____features_ are the basic units of meaning in a word.
19.__polysemy____ is a relation in which a single word has two or more
slightly different but closely related meanings.

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Instructor: Đoàn Phan Phương Dung
 20.Somethings that logically follows from what is asserted in the utterance is an
_____entailment____ .
21.Homography is a relation in which various words have the same
_____written____form but have different meanings and sound forms.
22.Hyponymy is a relation in which the referent of a word is totally
_____included____ in the referent of another word.
23.Homonymy is a relation in which various words have the same (sound and
written) form but have different ___meaning_____.
24.. The reference of a word or an expression is the ______relationship___
between that word or expression and the thing, the action, the event, the state
of affairs, etc. it refers to.
25.Synonymy is a relation in which various words have different (written and
sound) forms but have the same or nearly the ___same__meaning.
26. Partial synonymy is a relation in which a _____polysemous_____ word
shares one of its meanings with another word
27.An analytic sentence is one that is necessarily ____true____, as a result of
the senses of the words in it.
28.A proposition is that part of the meaning of the ___utterance____ or a
declarative sentence which describes some state of affairs.
29.A synthetic sentence is one which is not analytic, but may be either true or
false, _____depending___ on the way the world is
30.Paraphrase is the relationship between a word and a combination of other
words with the ___same__ meaning

RELATIONS

1. hire – sack
2. Blue- turquoise
3. Solid(n)-liquid(n)
4. Solid (adj)- liquid(adj)
5. Plant- animal
6. deny-admit
7. virtue-honesty
8. Married-single
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Instructor: Đoàn Phan Phương Dung
 9. direction-south
10.architect-engineer
11.rude-polite
12.emotion-fear
13.Love-hate
14.purchase- buy
15.Niece-nephew
16.Never-always
17.Customer-supplier
18.spell ( đánh vần) - spell ( thần chú)
19.faster-more slowly
20.Close to- close (v)
21.seat (chổ ngồi)- seat ( đũng quần)
22.North of –south of
23.Sow (n) - sow(v)
24.Own –belong
25.Present(n) -present ( adj)
26.Present (adj) -present (v)
27.Fine (n)- fine (adj)
28.Does( aux.V) - does (female rabbit)
29.Handicapped - crippled
30.Transfer(n)-transfer(v)
31.know- no :
32. Before - after
33.ear ( tai)- ear ( bông bắp)
34.Pig - sow
35. Dog- puppy :
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Instructor: Đoàn Phan Phương Dung
 36.Dangerous-safe
37.Pupil (học sinh)- pupil( đồng tử/con ngươi) -
38.Gloom - darkness
39.Head ( cái đầu)-head(dẫn đầu) -
40.Craftsman-carpenter
41.Lessor-lessee
42.hawk-fowl
43.Second ( number)- second(a unit of time):
44.Asleep- awake
45.Furniture- bed
46.Live (adj)- live(v)
47.Grandparent- grandchildren
48.Hotter-colder
49.Clever- stupid
50.Import- export
51.Customer- supplier
52.Host-guest
53.In front of - behind
54. Band- banned
55.Drive (lái xe) -drive ( đóng đinh)
56.Steer (lái)- stear ( bò đực) -
57.Lip-vocal organ
58.Permit-allow
59.Row ( argument)- row (line)
60.Well (n)- well (adj/adv)
SENTENCE TYPES

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Instructor: Đoàn Phan Phương Dung
1. ___A triangle is a three-sided figure.
2. __ A blue gas is colorless.
3. __ The man killed is now living in Paris.
4. ___ John is simultaneously a man and not a human being.
5. ___ Two halves make up a whole.
6. __ Every female dog is a bitch.
7. ___ People who run move their bodies.
8. ___ My sick cat is well.
9. ___ John is older than himself.
10. __ The earth revolves around the sun.
11. __ Girls tend to be more troublesome than boys.
12. __ Tokyo is the capital of Japan.
13. __ The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.
14. ___ A cow ruminates .
15. __ Mary has a cat.
16. __ Mary’s cat does not belong to her.
17. __ John killed Bill, who remained alive for many years after.
18. __ Hanoi is the city of Vietnam
19. __ Ho Chi Minh city is the biggest city of Vietnam
20. __ Mothers usually take care their children better than Fathers

Identify the presupposition(s) in each of the following utterances

1. I lost my hat yesterday at the station.

The utterance presupposes that …I had a hat…….
2. His sister has been in a hospital for 3 days.
The utterance presupposes that ……I have a sister……
3. That her cat ran away made her very sad.
The utterance presupposes that ……I have a cat……….

4. This is my youngest brother.

The utterance presupposes that ……I have a number of younger

sisters…………..

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Instructor: Đoàn Phan Phương Dung
 5. Could you come to my birthday party this weekend ?
The utterance presupposes that ………we are going to have a party this
weekend………..
6. I try to submit this report on time.
The utterance presupposes that ……I have a report……….
7. They haven’t spoken to each other since their row last week.
The utterance presupposes that …………they squarreled last week
……………….
8. His mother’s death was a great sadness for Tom.
The utterance presupposes that …his mother died………………..
9. Their son is not obedient.
The utterance presupposes that ……they have a son……………..
10.Remember to feed our pets twice a day.
The utterance presupposes that ……………we have some pet……..
11.Keep the fruits in a cool place.
The utterance presupposes that ………………………
12.I’m afraid that I can’t answer your question right now.
The utterance presupposes that ……………I have no answer……………..
13.I got a bad mark for my test last time.
The utterance presupposes that ………I have a test last time………..
14.Everybody was surprised at her leaving.
The utterance presupposes that ………she left…………
15.The couple behind my house is having a party.
The utterance presupposes that ………………………..
16.Children like all the courses in this meal very much.
The utterance presupposes that ………children eaten…………………….
17.The Prime Minister of Vietnam has just left for France.
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Instructor: Đoàn Phan Phương Dung
 The utterance presupposes that …………X in French before……………….
18.They searched everywhere for the missing dog.

The utterance presupposes that ……………they have a dog………..

19.The drum sound was so loud that it could be heard from far away.
The utterance presupposes that ……………it did not be
heard……………………….
20.The test is so easy this time.

The utterance presupposes that …………there is a text this

time………………..

PARAPHRASES

1. He sold the house to them.

- Change word: ………………………………..

- Change structure:…………………………………

2. Some countries have no coastline

- Change word: …………………………………

- Change structure: ………………………………

3. The pants are too short for him to wear.

- Change word: …………………………………………………….

- Change structure: ………………………………………………

4. In order to pass the exam, you should prepare well for it.

- Change word: ……………………………………..

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Instructor: Đoàn Phan Phương Dung
 - Change structure: ……………………………………

- Change word+ structure : ………………………………..

5. He cut the meat with a knife

- Change word: …………………………………….

- Change structure : ……………………………………..

- Change word+ structure: …………………………………

6. Despite the bad weather, they travelled.

- Change word: ……………………………

- Change structure: ……………………………….

- Change word+ structure: ………………………….

7. The laser has a wide variety of applications

- Change word: …………………………………..

- Change structure: ……………………………….

- Change word+ structure: ………………………..

8. The nearest station is 50 meters away.

- Change structure: …………………….

9. He hugged Jane

- Change word: ………………………….

- Change structure: …………………………….

- Change word+ structure: …………………………

10. He is looking for his book now.

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Instructor: Đoàn Phan Phương Dung
 - Change word: …………………………………….

- Change structure:……………………………………….

- Change word+ structure: ………………………………….

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Instructor: Đoàn Phan Phương Dung