DAISY DALES SCHOOL

INDORE

A project report on
“TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION OF LIGHT”
(Physics)
Submitted as a part of practical examination of
AISSCE 2022-23
Guided by:- Submitted by
Mr. Vivek Joshi Aashi Pipre
 DAISY DALES SCHOOL
INDORE
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

This is to certify that the project work on “TOTAL INTERNAL

REFLECTION OF LIGHT ” leased on the curriculum of CBSE has been
completed by AASHI PIPRE of class 12TH.
The above mentioned project work has been completed under my guidance
during the academic year 2022-23.

Signature (Internal) Signature (External) Signature(Principal)

 INDEX
Introduction
Total internal reflection
Critical Angle
Optical fibre
Why do Diamonds sparkle
Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
Total internal reflection is an optical phenomenon that happens when a ray
strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a critical angle with respect
to the normal to the surface. If the refractive index is lower on the other side of
the boundary and the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, no light
can pass through and all of the light is reflected. The critical angle is the angle of
incidence above which the total internal reflectance occurs.
• When a light beam crosses a boundary between materials with
different kinds of refractive indexes, the light beam will be
partially refractive at the boundary surface, and partially
refracted. However, if the angle of incidence is greater the ray is
closer to being parallel to the boundary than the critical angle –
the angle of incidence at which light is refracted such that it
travels along the boundary altogether and instead be totally
reflected back internally. This can only occur where light
travelsfrom a medium higher to the one with a lower refractive
index.
• Ex- It will occur when passing from glass to air, but not when
passing from air to glass.
 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

Specification
Total internal reflection sin ϴc = n2
n1
Simple treatment of fibre optics including the function of the
cladding.
 At the Critical Angle
Using

n1 sin i = n sin r 2

n1 = refractive index of glass

n2 = refractive index of air (= 1)
i = critical angle θc
r = 90o

n2
n1 sin θc = n2 sin 90 sin θc = n1
 Optical Fibres
Infra red and visible light signals
can be transmitted along optical
fibres.

Optical fibres are used in

telecommunications and other
devices, such as sensors
and endoscopes.

Light waves have a higher

frequency than radio waves
so they can carry much
more information.
The ray of light enters the central core of the optical fibre at an
angle greater than the critical angle so it is internally reflected.
To ensure the ray is internally reflected the cladding is made from
a material which has a lower refractive index than the central core.
 WHY DO DIAMONDS SPARKLE??
• Diamond has a very high
refractive index of 2.417
so it separates colours
better than other
substances.
• It also has a critical angle
of 24.4° so light is
internally reflected many
times before emerging,
spreading out the colours
more and more.
 Bibliography
NCERT Book XII
www.slideshare.com