Enthalpy Changes

Enthalpy Change - H
Bonds Broken Bonds Made
Energy absorbed Energy released

4 Ways to Represent Enthalpy of a Reaction:

For EXOTHERMIC reactions: (negative enthalpy change)

1) Enthalpy Diagrams:
-great to help you visualize the relative enthalpies of reactants and products and see
whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
-y-axis (enthalpy axis) has no zero point …. This is because only changes in enthalpy are
measured
-no x-axis (really) as the enthalpy change of a system depends on the initial and final
states of the system and is not affected by the process….however we do represent this as
“reaction progression” though…

-reactants have a larger enthalpy than products and therefore drawn above the products.
-arrow representing enthalpy change points downward.

2) Thermochemical Equations with energy terms (enthalpy withing the eqn'):

-energy is released as the reaction proceeds and is listed with the products
3) Thermochemical Equations with H values (enthalpy beside the eqn'):
note: H is -

4) As an Statement of the Molar Enthalpy of a Specific Reaction (separate expression):

Now, for ENDOTHERMIC reactions: (positive enthalpy change)

1) Enthalpy Diagrams:
-great to help you visualize the relative enthalpies of reactants and products and see
whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
-y-axis represents potential energy of the system.
no x axis is called the reaction progress or reaction coordinate

--the products have a larger potential energy than the reactants and therefore drawn above
the reactants and the arrow representing enthalpy change points upwards.
2) Thermochemical Equations with energy terms (enthalpy withing the eqn'):
-reaction requires a certain quantity of energy to be supplied to the reactants

3) Thermochemical Equations with H values (enthalpy beside the eqn'):

note: H is +

4) As an Statement of the Molar Enthalpy of a Specific Reaction (separate expression):

As a Separate Expression:
Enthalpy change is associated with phase changes:
Hvap (vaporization) Hcomb (combustion)
Hmelt ( melting) Hf (formation)
Hsol (solution) Hneut*moles of base consumed
Hfr (freezing) Hneut *moles of acid consumed

Example:

The molar enthalpy of combustion of sulphur dioxide is – 98.9 kJ/mol of SO2. What is
the enthalpy change for this reaction: *please represent this in each of the for ways of
representing changes in enthalpy.

2 SO2 (g) + O2(g) 2 SO3(g)