15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
USH

Authorized Type Numbers

IMO RES. MEPC. 107（49）
Type JG MED USCG
USH̶03 M̶229 2004̶22̶MED 162.050/9038/0
05 M̶230 2004̶23̶MED 162.050/9038/0
10 M̶231 2004̶24̶MED 162.050/9038/0
20 M̶232 2004̶25̶MED 162.050/9038/0
50 M̶233 2004̶26̶MED 162.050/9038/0
15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

Contents

Safety Instructions 1
1. Outline of Structure 2
2. Design 4
3. Outfit 5
4. Operation 9
5. Maintenance 12
6. Troubleshooting 19
7. Performance 21
8. Maintenance of Automatic Oil Drain System 23
9. Assembly Drawing 28
Information 30

Foreword
This Instruction Manual describes instructions and
cautions to be observed in the handling and maintenance
of TAIKO OILY WATER SEPARATOR which is used to
treat the bilge produced primarily in the engine room for
marine vessels. Please carefully read this Instruction
Manual in order to perform proper operation and good
maintenance so as to have a longer service life of this
separator. If you have any question on the contents of
this Manual, please do not hesitate to contact us at our
Branches or Factory.
Remarks:
Reproduction in any form of this Instruction Manual
is prohibited without prior permission of TAIKO KIKAI
INDUSTRIES CO., LTD.
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR
Safety Instructions
CAUTIONS FOR YOUR SAFETY
Before installing, operating,
maintaining and examining equipments, be
sure to read well this SAFETY
INSTRUCTIONS, the Instruction manual and
all other attached documents, so that you
will be able to use the equipments properly.
Also, understand well the information on the
equipments and their safety and all of the
mattrs that demand special attention.
In this Instruction, safety is classified
into two ranks, "Warning" and "Caution".
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, could result in
death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result in
minor or moderate injury.
Even the items which are included in
the safety rank, "Caution", may lead to
serious accidents in certain cases. In any
case, all of the instructions are very
important. So, please be sure to observe
them.
WARNING
・ The control panel inside should be
maintained and checked by the person
with an expert knowledge. There is a fear
of equipment damage or of electric shock.
・ At any time, do not use fire around the oily
water separator, nor bring any device
producing a spark close to the separator.
The separator might catch fire if leak
occurs or has been occurring from it.
・ If a heating device (a steam heater, etc.) has
been attached, heating parts or steam pipe
will be heated to a high temperature. Do not
touch them directly. Cover them by using
heat insulating materials. The direct contact
with the heating parts will cause a burn.
・ If a heating device has been attached, use
it only when the oily water separator is
operated. When the operation of the
separator is completed, be sure to stop
the device. Also in the case where the
separator is operated for many hours,
operate it while paying attention to the
overheating. If the separator becomes
heated to an excessively-high
temperature, there is a fear of producing
an inflammable gas.
1
USH
CAUTION
・ The epoxy coating has been applied to the inside
of the oily water separator. Keep it away from
fire (from welding ). -otherwise, the coated film
may be damaged, and as a result, the main body
will be corroded.
・ Be sure to feed bilge after the oily water
separator has been filled with sea water. Also,
provide a means to prevent the water in the
separator from leaking out or from flowing out
due to the siphon phenomenon. If failed, the oil
will flow in up to the secondary chamber,
resulting in the decrease in treatment
capability.
・ Provide a strainer on the line on the inlet side
to prevent dirt and sludge from entering the
separator. The service life of the coalescer has
been designed to be one and a half (1.5) to
three (3) years on the basis of a one-hour
operation per day. However, ingress of large
amounts of dirt and sludge will tremendously
shorten its service life. Especially, the sludge
from the oil purifier is high in viscosity,
resulting in clogging of the coalescer. In order
to avoid this, the sludge should not be dumped
into the bilge tank but should be separately
collected and disposed of.
・Use of detergent and surface active agents in
the Separator will not only impose excessive
burden on the coalescer, resulting in the
reduction of its service life, but also raise the
possibility that it will not operate at maximum
efficiency.
 Therefore use only a small amount of surface
active agents to wash. Do not use emulsion
type cleaning agents and oil & fat type
cleaning agents, which can be detected by the
bilge alarm.
・ Send an oil layer floating on the bilge pit
directly into the waste oil tank without passing
it through the separator ; otherwise, there is a
fear of reducing the coalescer service life.
・ When operating, oil viscosity should always be
kept below 1000 /s . Oil containing grease
less in fluidity, or oil high in viscosity, will cause
imperfect oil discharge or clogged coalescer,
resulting in the decrease in the treatment
capability of the separator.
・ Do not drain the water from the separator at
once. Abrupt drainage of water will lead
malfunction of the separator because the
separated oil will adhere on the coalescer and
will plug it. Therefore, be sure to discharge the
collected separated oil outside the separator
and run a waster to clean its internal
thoroughly before draining water. Frequently
check the effluent to see the performance of
the separator: verify that the treated water is
not confrequently check the effluent to see the
performance of the separator:
verify that the treated water is not
contaminated by oil. If the effluent is found to
be contaminated, immediately stop the
operation and take suitable preventive
countermeasure according to the instruction
manual.
・Make sure to use genuine coalescer.
 In case non-genuine coalescer is fitted, the oily
water separator will not exhibit the required
performance.
 Never use non-genuine coalescer.
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

1. Outline of Structure 1. 3 Features

Not only has TAIKO OILY WATER
1.1 Structure
SEPARATOR (USH Series) met the
TAIKO OILY WATER SEPARATOR (USH performance and requirements regulated by
series) is of a cylinder which is divided into international standards, but also is furnished
the 1st and 2nd chamber. Coalescer is with many useful features, which are as
installed in the 2nd chamber. Besides, this follows:
separator is a package type which ensures ・The separation capacity is not influenced
easy fitting and handling in a ship. (USH-01 by pitching or rolling during voyage.
to 05 are square type.) An automatic oil
・As the idea of anti-corrosion has been
drain device, automatic air deflator valve,
paid at every point of the separator, this
safety valve and strainer are integrated as
separator can stand against corrosion
standard accessories.
caused by electrolytic corrosion and
oxidation. Namely, longer service life is
1. 2 Operation
secured.
In TAIKO OILY WATER SEPARATOR ・It is very easy to disassemble and
(USH series) , a gravity separation method assemble because of its small size and
has been adopted, by which oil is separated its simple structure.
from water by the difference of the specific
・An automatic oil drain devices valve and
gravity between the two.
strainer are furnished as standard
Oil water mixed liquid, accumulated in
accessories all-time run is available.
bilge tanks is led into the inlet of the oily
water separator by an bilge supply pump. ・The capacity test defined by the laws and
Then, it is roughly separated in the 1st regulations shows less than 15 ppm in
separation chamber. As fine-grained oil is still the oil content.
contained in the oil water liquid which is ・A strainer is furnished in order to prevent
roughly separated in the 1st separation clogging of coalescer and secure longer
chamber, the oil water liquid is coarse grained life span.
nearly to 100％ by our own designed and ・A safety valve is furnished to protect the
developed coalescer in the 2nd separation body against excessive hydro pressure.
chamber. Here, almost all of oil are floated
and separated. (The workshop test results
show that the oily contents have been less
than 5 ppm after treated by this coalescer.)
The treated water of which oily density is
super thin is drained outside the ship. The oil
and oily matters floated and separated in the
1st and 2nd separation chambers are
accumulated in oil reservoirs in those
chambers.
The level of accumulated oil is detected
by an electrostatic capacity type probe.
Then, a solenoid valve is opened by the
command of this detector. Accordingly, the
oil is automatically drained in due course.

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 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

1. 4 PIPING DIAGRAM
USH-20

㹒㹐㸿㹌㹑㹋㹇㹒㹒㹃㹐

㸯㹱㹲ࠉ㹑㹍㹊㹃㹌㹍㹇㹂
㹔㸿㹊㹔㹃

㹁㹍㹌㹒㹐㹍㹊ࠉ㸿㹇㹐

㹄㸿㹇㹊ࠉ㹑㸿㹄㹃ࠉ㸿㹊㸿㹐㹋
㹑㹍㹓㹐㹁㹃
㸿㹇㹐ࠉ㹔㹃㹌㹒ࠉ㹔㸿㹊㹔㹃

㹍㹇㹊ࠉ㹊㹃㹔㹃㹊ࠉ㹎㹐㹍㹀㹃ࠉ

㹎㹐㹃㹑㹑㹓㹐㹃
㹅㸿㹓㹅㹃 㸿㹇㹐ࠉ㹔㸿㹊㹔㹃
㸦㹌㹍㹒㹃ࠉ㸯㸧 㹕㸿㹑㹒㹃ࠉ㹍㹇㹊
㹍㹓㹒㹊㹃㹒
㹍㹇㹊㹗Ѹ㹕㸿㹒㹃㹐 㸯㹱㹲ࠉ㹁㹆㸿㹋㹀㹃㹐 㸰㹬㹢ࠉ㹑㹍㹊㹃㹌㹍㹇㹂
㹇㹌㹊㹃㹒 㹔㸿㹊㹔㹃
㹑
㹑㸿㹄㹃㹒㹗ࠉ㹔㸿㹊㹔㹃
㸿㹇㹐ࠉ㹔㹃㹌㹒ࠉ㹁㹍㹁㹉
㹎㹐㹃㹑㹑㹓㹐㹃 㸦㸤ࠉ㹍㹇㹊ࠉ㹍㹓㹒㹊㹃㹒㸧
㹅㸿㹓㹅㹃 㸰㹬㹢ࠉ㹁㹆㸿㹋㹀㹃㹐
㹍㹇㹊ࠉ㹊㹃㹔㹃㹊ࠉ㹎㹐㹍㹀㹃ࠉ
㹀㸿㹊㹊ࠉ㹔㸿㹊㹔㹃
㹀㸿㹊㹊ࠉ㹔㸿㹊㹔㹃 㹍㹇㹊
㹒㹐㹃㸿㹒㹃㹂ࠉ㹕㸿㹒㹃㹐
㹍㹓㹒㹊㹃㹒 㹕㸿㹒㹃㹐
㹁㹍㸿㹊㹃㹑㹁㹃㹐
㹑㹒㹐㸿㹇㹌㹃㹐 㸦㹌㹍㹒㹃ࠉ㸰㸧 㹍㹇㹊㹗Ѹ 㹕㸿㹒㹃㹐

㹁㹊㹃㸿㹌ࠉ㹕㸿㹒㹃㹐 㹒㹃㹑㹒ࠉ㹁㹍㹁㹉
㹂㹐㸿㹇㹌 㹂㹐㸿㹇㹌 㹇㹌㹊㹃㹒
㸨
㹂㹐㸿㹇㹌ࠉ㹔㸿㹊㹔㹃

Note : 1. Model USH-03, 05 and 10 adopts

solenoid valves.
2. 2nd separation room contain one
coalescer except USH-50 which
contain two coalecers.
3. Heating facility is option.
4. The safety valve can be used as the
drain valve of the 1st chamber for
USH-03, 05, 10.

3
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

2. Design (6) A heating unit can be provided for ease

(1) The oily water separator system has
been designed based on the IMO
resolution MEPC. 107 (49).
(2) The oily water separator system is
available also for ships which use a fuel
oil of a high specific gravity (0.98 or
more／15℃) and high viscosity (25㎜ /s
2
or more／100℃).
(3) The oily water separator is designed to
have treatment capability not exceeding
15 ppm.
(4) The oily water separator is designed to
operate automatically for an engine
room bilge.
(5) Use a piston pump or one rotor screw
pump for the oily water separator.
of automatic oil discharge. (Option)
(7) In order to avoid cloggings of coalescer
as much as possible, filter is installed in
the joint which connects first and
second chamber.
(8) In order to protect the separator itself
and its component parts from excessive
pressure, safety valve is installed.
(9) Coalescer is specially designed with
special material in order to increase the
coalescing performance and capability
to stand high pressure.

(10) Specification

Discharge Intenal Pressure MPa Pumps Used＊2

Model Capacity
Normal＊1 Maximum
3
m /h Piston Pump One Roter Screw Pump

PD−03NS
USH−03 0.25 0.07 0.2
0.20MPa×295min-1

LD−05NSA HNP−201
USH−05 0.5 0.07 0.2
0.20MPa×290min-1 0.20MPa×240min-1

LD−1NSA HNP−201
USH−10 1.0 0.07 0.2
0.20MPa×290min-1 0.20MPa×400min-1

LD−2NX HNP−301
USH−20 2.0 0.12 0.3
0.30MPa×240min-1 0.30MPa×300min-1

LD−5NS HNP−401
USH−50 5.0 0.12 0.3
0.30MPa×240min-1 0.30MPa×225min-1

＊1 ＊2
Normal pressure indicates the internal pressure at Some examples are shown because the pump
a viscosity of 1000㎜ /s when automatic oil revolution counts vary according to the pump head
2

drainage is started. (This is based on the shop when the pump discharge amount is constant. For
test results.) selection of the pump, refer to the manufacturer.
Since required pressure for automatic oil drainage
varies accordings to the drainage pipe diameter,
length and viscosity, the above pressure should be
used as the reference.
Operate the heating unit if necessary.

4
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

3. Outfit 3.2 Installation

3.1 Location
(1) The oily water separator does not adopt
explosion-proof structure; therefore it
should not be located in any place where
explosive or flammable matters could be
generated or accumulated, or adjacent
to any place where such matters are
stored.
(1) The base for the oily water separator
should be so rigid and solid not to cause
resonane as the result of vibration from
the vessel body or the engine.
(2) The oily water separator should have
enough space around for daily
maintenance, overhauling, inspection
and replacement of parts.

(2) The oily water separator should be

installed in areas where vibration is
minimum and ambient temperature is
not higher than 50° .
(3) The maximum height of suction for the
bilge pump depends upon the model and
number of revolution for the pump.
It should be located at elevation not
higher than specified by the pump
manufacturer and as near the bilge tank
as possible.
(4) For installation of the oily water
separator, select a proper location where
internal pressure of the separator will be
never exceeded the design range of the
separator, with allowance.
The oily water separator should also be
located adjacent to the bilge pump.
(5) A tank to store the separated oil
discharged from the oily water separator
should also be located near the oily
water separator and lower than the level
of the drain port.

5
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

3.3 Piping (7) As the oily water separator body and the
drain port have a cock for oil detection,
(1) Where practicable, a suction pipe for the
install a hopper and outfit piping to the
bilge pump should be exclusively for
bilge tank.
suction of bilge (not used commonly as
sludge pump) so that inclusion or (8) When an oil concentration monitor is
reserving of air will not occur. Also, to provided, it will be necessary to regulate
prevent impurities from entering the the internal pressure of the oily water
bilge pump, provide a strainer and carry separator, as the minimum required
out piping to allow sea water to flow in. pressure of sample water depends upon
the type of analyzer.
(2) The suction pipe for the bilge pump
should be above from the bottom of the (9) Never fail to prevent any accident which
bilge tank so that sediments at its could cause drop of oil level within the
bottom will not be pumped. oily water separator as the result of oil
leakage or siphoning due to the pressure
(3) The piping from the bilge pump to the
regulating valve or discharge from the
oily water separator should be the same
sampling line for oil concentration
diameter of the inlet port of the oily
analyzer.
water separator and is as short as
possible with minimum bends. Moreover, (10) The drain pipe for the separated oil
provide a screwed check valve at the should have diameter equal to that of
inlet port of the oily water separator in the oil discharge port of the oily water
order to prevent counter flow when the separator and shorten as possible with
bilge pump is open, or leakage from the minimum bends so as to facilitate
gland when it is stopped. drainage of oil. When the piping is long,
diameter of such piping should be larger
(4) Overboard discharge piping should be
to reduce resistance in piping.
carried out as shown in Fig.1.
※ MEPC.107(49) 6.1.1. For future inspection
3.4 Vibration Isolator
purposes on board ship, a sampling point
should be provided in a vertical section of the (1) For the bilge suction pipe, provide a
water effluent piping as close to the system steady brace to prevent resonance with
outlet as possible. (The sampling point is the vessel body and the engine.
standard equipment with the oily water
(2) The oily water separator is equipped with
separator.)
a stay on its back. By using this stay,
Recirculating facilities should be provided so
secure it to the vessel body.
that testing may be performed in a state
where the system including the oily water (3) In the event that vibration is caused by
separator has closed overboard discharge. pipings connected to the oily water
separator, any pipe connection for the
(5) To facilitate drainage of oil from the oily
oily water separator could be damaged.
water separator, consider an outboard
To prevent such a damage, provide a
drain pipe such that a back pressure
steady brace as close the oily water
from 1.5m or more from the top of the
separator as possible.
oily water separator will be applied. If the
environment prevents staging at 1.5m
or more, provision of a pressure
regulating valve is necessary as shown
in Fig.3,4.
For ships using oil with a high specific
gravity and viscosity, an internal
pressure of 0.1MPa should be
maintained, and a heating unit should be
provided to reduce the oil viscosity at
1000㎜ /s or less.
2

(6) Connect a drain pipe of the oily water

separator to the bilge tank.

6
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

3.5 Miscelaneous (3) Do not use emulsion type cleaning

(1) The oily water separator is coated for
anticorrosion on the part which is in
contact with liquid. Do not weld or work
others which could cause damage on
such coating, as it may became
necessary for outfitting.
(2) Sludge, dust or dirt, if included, will lower
the separation performance or clog or
agents (oil & fat type cleaning agents
that are emulsified in water) for the
engine room that will cause bilge water
emulsion and thus be detected by the
bilge alarm.
(4) The bilge tank of a ship, which highly
viscous oil enters, should be provided
with a heating pipe to maintain oil
viscosity at 1000㎜ /s or below when
2

damage the coalescers. So, provide a operating.

strainer without fail.

Fig.1

Power source

Light W.L.

※１
Starter

Strainer
１００mesh

１５ppm
Bilge pump Bilge
seprator

Clean water

Strainer
４０∼６０mesh To bilge tank
To bilge tank To bilge tank
Clean water
From bilge tank

To bilge tank To waste oil tank

Maker supply

※1 In case of running separator abnormal, such

as power failure, the bilge feed pump must
be stopped. A starter supplier must provide
such automatic stop function.
This is mandatory requirement of MEPC.
107 (49) 4.1.3.
※2 In order for visually confirming of effuent, a
hopper or sight glass must be provided.
This is mandatory requirement of MEPC.
107 (49) 6.1.1.

7
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

Fig.2
This drawing shows the separation with
15ppm bilge alarm and pressure
adjusting valve.

To alarm

Oil concentration monitor

Power source

Light W.L.

※１
Starter

Min, ０m
To bilge tank

Control air
Pure water
Strainer
１００mesh

１５ppm
Bilge pump Bilge
separator

Clean water
Pressure Automatic
adjusting discharge
valve stopdevice
3-Way
valve
Strainer
40∼60mesh To bilge tank
To bilge tank To bilge tank
Clean water
From bilge tank

To bilge tank To waste oil tank

Maker supply

Pressure Adjusting Valve System

※1 In case of running separator abnormal, such

as power failure, the bilge feed pump must
be stopped. A starter supplier must provide
such automatic stop function.
This is mandatory requirement of MEPC.
107 (49) 4.1.3.
※2 In order for visually confirming of switching
of automatic discharge stopdevice, hopper
or sight glass must be provided at ※2.
This is mandatory requirement of MEPC.
107 (49) 6.1.1.

8
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

4. Operation (8) When an automatic stopping device for

4.1 Preparation for Running
To carry out the first operation after the
installation proceed in the following
sequence.
the oily water separator treated water is
provided, energize the 15ppm bilge alarm and
operate it properly, in order to check that the
change over valve functions normally.

(1) Check that piping systems for the oily

water separator have been completed as
planned and are in compliance with the
piping specification by the manufacturer.
(2) Check that wirings for each part of the
oily water separator system have been
completed as planned and the electric
power source indicates proper values for
each equipment.
(3) Open all valves on the bilge drain pipe
line from the bilge pump to the outboard
valve, via the oily water separator. Close
valves on the drain pipe of the oily water
separator, except valves on the bilge
pipe line.
(4) Open the clean water inlet valve, at the
bottom of the second chamber, to fill the
separator with clean sea water. While
filling the sea water, turn the oily water
separator on and open the cock at the
upper part of the second chamber to
promote air release. It is necessary to
loosen the cap of the automatic air vent
valve at the top.
(5) Change the bilge pump suction pipe to
one for sea water, start the bilge pump,
check that there are no leaks on either
the separator or the piping, and perform
trial operation on the separator.
(6) In case a 15ppm bilge alarm is furnished,
operate it in accordance with
instructions by manufacturer and check
its parts as well as operation
performance.
(7) The oily water separator is necessary to
be filled with sea water to a full level
even during it is stopped. If a leak from
any part of the separator is found,
eliminate the source of the leak
immediately.

9
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

4.2 Running As described in para. 1.2 Outline of

Operation, this oily water separator
To run the oily water separator daily, utilizes the difference of specific gravity
proceed in the following sequence. between sea water and oil. Therfore,
when bilge is supplied into the separator,
(1) Energize the automatic oil drain system
the separator must have been filled with
of the oily water separator to make in
sea water. If bilge is supplied with the
operation.
separator being emply (or when the level
(2) In case a 15ppm bilge alarm is of sea water is very low), no separation
furnished, energize it to make in effect will be obtained. Moreover, bilge
operation. There are two types of will be accumulated in the separator by
15ppm bilge alarm, ie. one can provide passing through the coalescers as it is.
measurement of oil concentration as As the result, the coalescers will
soon as it is energized and the other become clogged, and not only the effect
should be energized always to be ready will be lost but also the inside of the
for measurement, in which case the separator will be contaminated.
measurement switch is turned on when Thus, pure treated water will not be
measurement is taken. Depending upon secured.
the cases, the operator should comply The purpose of leading clean water via
with the manufacturer's instructions. the clean water inlet valve at the bottom
(3) Open all stop valves on the bilge drain of the second chamber when the
pipe line and start up the bilge pump. separator is empty is to prevent
CAUTION contamination of the second chamber. If
the water by the bilge pump is caused to
−Residence time and sampling−
flow in from the first chamber via the
Designed residence time in the
used bilge line, the contaminated water
vontainer of the bilge separator(inside
in the first chamber will flow in the
capacity ÷ flow rate) is about 15
second chamber and the second
minutes.
chamber will be contaminated prior to
Right after the operation start, clean
use.
water, which was discrete in the
stillness condition in the container is (5) For the concentrated oil and the floated
discharged. oil in the bilge tank, do not pass through
However, after 15minutes, the treated the oily water separator but introduce
water, which has flowed into the into the waste oil tank directly.
container is discharged. (6) When bilge is produced during in dock,
Specially, when a 15ppm bilge alarm is land it, and clean the bilge tank, and
not equipped, the visual check of then restart to use.
processed water is the only way and is
necessary.
Therefore, AT EVERY OPERATION, carry
out the sampling frequently for at least
20 minutes in order to confirm its
function of bilge separator and to
confirm if treated water is within
regulation value. After that, make sure
to carry out the sampling timely until the
shutdown of the equipment.
(4) If the oily water separator has been
stopped for a long time (more than one
week), the oil content, suspended
matters, deposits or bacterium might be
decomposed, and, as a result, the oil
concentration of treated water when
drained could be unusually high at the
initial stage of operation. Therefore, to
restart, the bilge pump should be started
and sea water should be circulated for 5
to 10 minutes.
CAUTION
−Necessity of filling with Sea Water−

10
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

4.3 Stop
To stop the oily water separator,
proceed in the following sequence.

(1) When drainage of bilge is finished, pass

sea water for 10 minutes so that the oil
mixture which resides in the separator
may be prevented from being
decomposed.
(2) If the separator is kept with the
separated oil and is left without
operation for long time, sludge will be
caused to be deposited. To prevent it,
open the oil drain valve manually during
passing of sea water, discharge the
separated oil outside the separator as
much as possible, and then stop the
bilge pump.
(3) In case a 15ppm bilge alarm is
furnished, turn off the electric power
source. Depending on types, the 15ppm
bilge alarm may require cleaning after
use, or may be turned off not entirely but
just locally for a next run: it should
comply with the manufacturer's
instructions.
(4) If electric power source of the oily water
separator is first turned off by means of
a fail-safe function, the bilge pump will
stop. Therefore, the electric power
source should be turned off last.
(5) Shut the valve in the bilge drain pipe line

11
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

5. Maintenance check that the change over valve

functions normally.
In order to maintain the functions of the (9) Take a sample from a sample cock on
oily water separator satisfactorily in the discharge side of the oily water
correspondence to complicated properties of separator, and check the properties of
bilge, careful servicing and cautions will be treated water visually to assure no
required for the operator in the maintenance. irregular phenomena caused.
Maintenance is indispensable to prevent
contamination or remove contaminants on 5.2 Cleaning of Strainer
various parts of the equipment due to the oil
(1) A strainer has been provided at the pipe
content or suspended matters as mixed in
line which connects the first and the
bilge to thereby hold or restore its functions
second chambers, to prevent the
to continue operation properly.
coalescer from clogging with dust and
In order to know the condition of the
sludge. After the end of each running of
separator, the control by pressures will also
the oily water separator, clean the
become very important. Therefore, pressures
strainer for next operations.
during the running should be recorded at each
time of operation and the records should be (2) Even during the running of the oily water
put to use for maintenance and checking. separator, stop temporarily its running to
clean the strainer, if a differential
5.1 Daily Inspection pressure between 1st and 2nd chamber
is 0.02 MPa or more takes place. (Close
(1) Prior to running, clean each strainer. the valves in front and rear so that the
(2) Check the bilge pump for vibration, oily water will not flow out from the
running noise and pressure to determine separator.)
any irregularity. If V-belts are installed, (3) At this time, also check the strainers at
check the belt tension. both the inlet and the outlet of the bilge
(3) Pay attention to temperature rise of the pump.
bilge pump bearing. If this temperature
becomes so high as it can not be
touched with hand, it should be taken as
abnormal. Check also that there should
be always a little amount of leak from
the gland, and packing should not be too
tightened.
(4) Check that all welds in the oily water
separator as well as each pipe line have
no pin hole, crack or other defects, or
the connections have no leak.
(5) Record readings of the pressure gauges
at various parts of the oily water
separator, and check for different
pressure. This will tell if the strainers
and coalescers are clogged or leaking or
if there are any other irregularities.
(6) Check that the function of automatic oil
drain system is normal and the solenoid
valve is not clogged with sludge
contained in the separated oil.
(7) In case a 15ppm bilge alarm is
furnished, check that the sample treated
water is properly discharged. Then,
check for any irregularity in accordance
with instructions of the manufacturer,
and, if necessary, clean, and check the
sensitivity.
(8) When an automatic stopping device for
the oily water separator treated water is
provided, energize the 15ppm bilge
alarm and operate it properly, in order to

12
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR
5.3 Revival and Replacement of
Coalescer
In case the pressure loss in excess of
0.03 MPa took place due to the clogging of
the coalescer, still the function of the
coalescer could be restored by a reverse flow
washing or the washing by overhaul. In the
case of the reverse flow washing, however,
the waste washing liquid will drop into the
bilge tank, thereby resulting in the increase of
the amount of the bilge unless the washing
has been carried out effectively. Moreover,
the coalescer will not revive up to its
brand-new condition, even if the treatment for
restoring its function is given. Therefore,
utmost care should be taken in the operation
after its revival.
(1) Revival by Reverse Flow Washing
Close temporarily the cap of the air vent
valve, open the first chamber drain valve
(outlet for the waste washing liquid), as
well as the ball valves (two) positioned
before and after the strainer, and then
allow clean water to flow into the
coalescer for fifteen to twenty minutes
through the washing liquid inlet valve
positioned at the bottom of the main
body. At this time, maintain a pressure
of about 0.06 MPa in the second
chamber, and use utmost caution so as
not to exceed the main body max.
working pressure (shown on the name
plate). Further, take care so that the
water level in the separator will not fall
by providing an appropriate pressure for
the first chamber. The coalescer is
considered to be nearly revived when the
pressure difference between the first
and the second chambers has been
restored. So, close the drain valve and
the washing liquid inlet valve in order to
begin the normal running. Even when sea
water is being circulated, if the pressure
difference will not be restored, or if there
is no chance of its restoration, stop the
washing because no effects can be
expected.
＊ The safety valve can be used as the
drain valve of the 1st chamber for
USH-03, 05, 10.
By lifting up the pin for the safety valve,
the drain in the 1st chamber can be
pulled out.
13
USH
(2) Revival by Detergent Washing
Remove the coalescer according to the
“procedures for the replacement of
coalescer” , then immerse it in an oil of
light property for about one hour. When
greasy matters within the coalescer
have sufficiently melted out in the oil,
take it out and leave it untouched for a
while, until residuals cease to ooze out.
After complete removal of the greasy
matters from the coalescer in this way,
wash the glass cross on the surface of
the coalescer with a non-petroleum type
detergent until the greasy condition
disappears. At this time, take care so as
not to cause damage to the glass cross.
(Use a soft cloth or a sponge: avoid
washing with hard cleaning instruments
such as brushes,etc.)
After the washing, sufficiently dry
surfaces of the coalescer, mount it to
the main body, fill sea water within the
second chamber through the clean
water inlet valve, and then wash it for
about five minutes using the procedures
for the reverse flow washing described in
the item (1) above.
(Greasy residuals which stayed within
the coalescer float and are separated in
the first chamber.)
Caution: Never use solvents for washing
purposes because they will greatly
deteriorate the performance of the
coalescer.
(3) For the running after the revival of the
coalescer, check frequently the oil
content within the treated water by
keeping in mind that the coalescer is not
as good as new. When the oil content
has exceeded a regulated value, or when
an increment of the pressure difference
between the first and the second
chambers has exceeded 0.06 MPa,
replace the coalescer with a new one as
it may have reached the limit of its use.
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR
5.4 Replacing Procedure for
Coalescers
CAUTION
ーAbout coalescerー
・We recognized an existence and
availability of copy or imitation
coalescer in a market.
Performance and quality of such parts
were not confirmed by TAIKO. We only
tested our 15ppm Bilge Separator with
our own designed coalescer specified
under our specification and drawing,
and confirmed its performance in front
of authority and by third party
laboratory. All of our IMO type approval
certificates are duly issued under IMO
conference specified condition and
control. As clearly written on the
certificalte, we can not agree or
recognize our manufactured 15ppm
separator with a third party’ s coalescer,
other than manufactured under our
specification, drawing and control, is
the same as the one approved by the
IMO authorities. We clearly advocate no
performance and confirmation test were
given to any of such third party’ s
coalescer by us, and we have no
licensee or OEM in the world.
・When replacing the coalescer(s), please
also replace or stick our certified seal
of genuine to separator’ s body where
easy to see and identify by a PSC
inspector. This wil help both ship and
PSC for easy and quick inspection.
(1) Prior to the replacement of the
coalescer, sufficiently discharge the
separated oil out from the second
chamber while passing seawater
through the bilge pump. For manual oil
discharging, refer to Paragraph 8.2
chapter 8 together and also use the
cock at the second chamber in order to
discharge the separated oil thoroughly.
This can minimize the soil of the second
chamber and coalescer.
(2) Close the valve on the side of the outlet
of the separator, as well as the ball valve
in the pipeline between the first chamber
and the second chamber, and open the
drain valve in the second chamber to
empty the second chamber. Open the
test cock at the second chamber to
promote drainage. (Drainage should not
be carried out in the first chamber: the
first chamber should be kept full of
water.)
(3) Open the cover (2), take out the
coalescer together with its components,
14
USH
then remove only the coalescer from its
mounting plate.
For USH-20 and 50, Cover (2) is
equipped with hinge, the cover can be
opened by removing right or left side
hinge bolt.
Make sure not to damage the coalescer
in case you reuse it.
(4) After completely removing oil, deposits
or other foreign substances from the
second chamber, the cover (2), the
coalescer fitting, the drain outlet, the
clean water inlet, and the treated water
outlet pipe, wash these parts thoroughly.
CAUTION
As shown at 4.2(4), second chamber
location is after the coalescer (Lower
reach).
When filling water in the second
chamber, make sure to fill clean water
directly.
It is designed that water in the second
chamber is discharged without passing
through coalescer. Therefore, if the
second chamber is contaminated, clean
treated water cannot be discharged in
any case. Therefore, it is important to
clean the second chamber thoroughly.
(5) The most important in coalescer
installation is to prevent the leaks from
the junctions between the coalescer and
its mounting plate.
In accordance with the next paragraph
(5.5), perform the installation with the
most care.
(6) When the coalescer has been installed
and the cover (2) has been shut, fill
clean water into the second chamber
through the clean water inlet valve. Prior
to start filling, the ball valves, which
have been closed in 5.4(2), kept closed
and also open the test cock on the top
of the second chamber for air vent.
When water starts to flow out from the
test cock, stop filling the clean water,
close the cock, and open the ball valve
between first and second chamber.
(7) Bring each valve back to its normal
operating condition, start the bilge pump
and then pass sea water, then confirm if
there is no leakage.
5.5 Assembling procedure of
Coalescers
(1) Prepare the fitting by connecting 4 rods
on the coalescer cover (2). Except for
USH-20 and 50, Rods are already
welded.
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

For USH-20 and USH-50, place the

Welded Nut coalescer assembly on the level floor like
figure 3-5, and adjust so that the
coalescer cover(1) and coalescer
cover(2) are parallel.

Fig.3-1 USH-20, 50 (ie,USH-20)

(2) Place a coalescer on the coalescer
cover (2).
Make sure to perform on a level floor.
To prevent leakage from even tightness,
it is recommended to apply liquid seal
bond. Install a nut to the rod. Fig.3-5 USH-20, 50 (ie,USH-20)
※Warning  
Use seal bond that can not be sticky (4) Tighten the nuts with spanner with
and ripped off easily when it dries. confirming that the coalescer cover(1)
If the seal bond were sticky, this would and coalescer cover(2) are holding the
cause impossibilities of washing and coalescer evenly. Also, see the table
changing the coalescer. below and make sure not too tighten the
nut. If the nuts are tightened too much,
inside of the coalescer will be deformed
and will not function properly.
Nut

Fig.3-2 USH-20, 50 (ie,USH-20)

Nut
Fig.3-6 (ie,USH-20)

Coalescer Length
TYPE (packing not include)
USH-01, 03 216mm ± 2mm
USH-05 320mm ± 2mm
USH-10 400mm ± 2mm
Fig.3-3 USH-03, 05,10 （ie, USH-10）
USH-20, 50 450mm ± 2mm

(3) Place a coalescer cover(1) onto the

coalescer. By hand, tighten all 4 nuts There is allowable difference in length of
evenly. coalescer. Therefore, It is recommended
to measure the length of the coalescer
before assembling. Then, use this value
as objective of assembly.

After the nuts have been tightened, be

sure to check, by inserting a clearance
gauge of less than 0.1㎜ in thickness
between the packing and the coalescer
cover, that there is no clearance.

Fig.3-4 （ie, USH-20）

15
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR
For USH-50, Use long nuts, after the
nuts are locked, insert another 4 rods.
For the latter methods, refer to 2) and
install the second coalescer. This latter
work also can be done in the second
chamber after adjusting the degree of
the horizontal of coalescer support. 
Nut
Fig.3-7 USH-50
(5) After fitting the coalescer cover(1), lock
the nuts so that the nuts are not loosen.
Coalescer assembly is completed.
Fig.3-8 (ie,USH-20)
(6) Installation to the body
Fig.3-9 USH-03,05,10 (ie,USH-10)
Coalescer pipe
Fig.3-10 USH-20
16
USH
Coalescer pipe
adjustment
part
Fig.3-11 USH-50
※Warning
Do not forget to install the coalescer packing
with the packing.
Make sure the bolts screwed tightly and
packing installed correctly after all completed.
5.6 Inspection for anti-corrosion zinc
anode(USH-10/20/50)
Please check the condition of zinc anode
once a year.
Please exchange into new zinc anode,
when a mass of anode gets smaller.
Procedure for inspection and
replacement of zinc anode.
(1) According to Points of replacing
procedure for Coalescers (See
Instruction Manual paragraph 5, 5 & 4
(1)∼(2)), get the 2nd chamber empty.
(2) Remove bolts of 2nd chamber cover, and
open the cover.
,
(3) In USH-10 model s case, the zinc anode
is attached on the back of coalescer
installed to the lid for 2nd chamber.
The new zinc anode size is: 150mm ×
70mm × 20mm.
If the anode gets smaller, exchange into
new one.
Zinc anode
150㎜
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

(Caution)
・After exchanging the zinc anode, measure
the resistance figure between the zinc
anode and the M12 nuts.
・If the resistance figure is more than 0.01Ω,
20㎜
that means that the zinc anode is not
working.
・Make sure that there is no dirt on the core
that firms the zinc anode, bolts and nuts. If
70㎜ so, clean the dirt up.

,
(4) In USH-20 & 50 model s case, the zinc  If the resistance figure is less than 0.01Ω,
anode is attached on the back of lid for put the caulker into the holes and cover the
2nd chamber. core, washers and nuts by sealing them
The new zinc anode size is: 150mm × away with glue.
70mm × 50mm.  Use a caulk that is soft and easy to remove
If the anode gets smaller, exchange into when dry.
new one.

Zinc anode
M12nuts

M12washers

(6) If the inside of 2nd chamber gets dirty

with oil, take the Coalescer out and wipe
it out with clean clothes.
(7) Install the cover for 2nd chamber.
(8) According to Points of replacement
Coalescer(See Manual Instruction
paragraph5, 5&4(6)∼(7)), flow
150㎜ and fill fresh water from inlet of fresh
water in the 2nd chamber.
Then start running operation and check
if there were any leakage.

50㎜

70㎜

(5) When exchanging the zinc anode, get rid

of the caulker filled up into the holes of
the zinc anode and take the M12 nuts
out.
After exchanging into new one, screw
with M12 nuts(Double nut) back.
In this case, use washers (M12
SUS316)

17
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

5.7 Disassembly
(1) Understand the separator structure fully
with reference to the subassembly
schmatic drawing, and do not take a
wrong sequence for disassembly.
(2) Prior to disassembly, discharge the
separated oil accumulated in the oily
water separator sufficiently.
(3) Remove oil or sludge deposits on the
surface of various parts, and, after
washing, arrange the loose parts on a
sheet of paper or a piece of cloth in
good order. If corrosion preventive
coating (tar epoxy) is peeled off or
corroded, touch up.
(4) For internal walls and fixed components
of the oily water separator, remove
foreign matters deposited on their
surfaces, and check for any corrosion,
damage or peeling of corrosion
preventive coating. If any defective part
is found, handle as such and take proper
actions. In particular, the areas inside
the oily water separator where oil sludge
is deposited in large quantities and tend
to be solidified could more frequently
cause corrosion, and so may require
closer checks and measures to take.
(5) For the oil matters deposited in the 2nd
chamber, remove with light oil or
gasoline completely.
(6) Reassemble the components.
(7) In case an oil concentration monitor is
furnished, maintenance work should
comply with instructions of the
manufacturer.
(8) After reassembling, start the bilge pump
and circulate sea water to see if there
are any leaks.

18
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR
6. Troubleshooting actions. Possible major troubles and
corrective actions are as follows.
Should the oily water separator be
found in trouble, search for the cause of
trouble immediately and take corrective
Troubles Causes
Lowering of Degraded water in bilge.
separation 1. Where bilge has been refined or emulsified
performance beyond the separator performance due to the
（High oil following causes:
concentration of ・Inclusion of chemicals such as detergents.
the treated ・Inclusion of compressor drain, etc.
water） ・Inclusion of waste liquids low in pH, such
as antiscales.
・Inclusion of some matters which can give
substantial effect on physical properties of
the oil in the bilge.
・Decrease in the volumetric efficiency of the
bilge pump, and others.
Oil grains are refined by the bilge pump as the
result of lowering of its volumetric efficiency.
Increased contamination in the oily water
separator.
・Failure of automatic oil drain device
prevents the separated oil from being
discharged outside, consequently
exceeding the tolerance in the separator.
･ Coalescers in the oily water separator are
clogged with oil or solid suspended matter.
・Drop of oil level due to lack of
backpressure.
Short pass of water passage in the oily water
separator.
・Internal partitions or other structures have
caused pitting due to corrosion, or
damaged welds cased crack or pinhole.
・Damage, poor installation or clogging of
coalescers result in a short pass.
Operation of the oily water separator at low
water level.
・Filling of sea water at startup is
incomplete.
・Leak from the separator during shutdown
causes the water level in the separator to
be lower.
・Poor adjustment of pressure regelating
valve in the separator, or malfunction or
sticking of spring mechanism.
・Failure or malfunction of air vent valve
prevents suction air from being vented.
・Syphone breaker is clogged.
Malfunction of the 15ppm bilge alarm.
・Sample introducing pipe to the analyzer and
passage of the contents are contaminated
with oil or solid suspended matter.
19
USH
Remedies
For prevention of inferior quality of water in
bilge, preclude matter which can be cause of
trouble. If possible, it is desired to provide a
tank for collecting used detergents.
・Use a quick separation type detergent.
After emulsion is dispelled, supply the bilge
water to the oily water separator.
As lowing of volumetric efficiency of the bilge
pump is related to increasing of refined oil,
constant good maintenance is required.
・Check and adjust the level detecting device
of the automatic oil drain system. If the
solenoid valve fails, check/repair, or replace
it.
・Replace coalescers.
・Assure back-pressure greater than the
resistance in drainage.
Transfer the concentrated oil directly to the
waste oil tank, without passing through the
oily water separator.
・Repair the damaged areas after a close
check.
Clean or replace any damaged or clogged
coalescers.
・Replace any damaged or clogged
coalescer. For deficient installation, make
adjustments.
Start-up after confirmation that the separator
is filled with sea water.
・Check for portions causing leakage, and
repair them.
・Check the pressure regulating valve and
repair it.
・Check the air vent valve and repair it.
(Operation should proceed with a cap being
loose.)
・Check the syphone breaker and repair it.
・Check the water passage inside and
outside of the 15ppm bilge alarm, and
clean them.
・Adjust pressure of the introducing sample
water.
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

Troubles Causes Remedies

Reduction of Lowering of volumetric efficiency of the bilge

through-put pump.
・Pump valve, valve seat and seat ring of the
reciprocating pump are damaged.
・Bucket ring of the reciprocating pump is
broken or worn.
・Cylinder liner of the reciprocating pump has
uneven abrasion or streaks.
・Rubber stator of the single screw pump is
worn or burnt to damage.
・Rotor and side plate of the rotary pump are
worn or broken.
・Vane of the vane pump is worn or broken,
and side plate is worn.
・Slipping of the belt causes rotating speed
to be lowered.
・Face up the pump valve and the valve seat.
・Replace the bucket ring for a new one.
・Replace the liner for a new one or grind it to
adjust.
・Replace the stator for a new one.
・Replace the rotor or the side plate for a
new one.
・Replace the vane and the side plate for
new ones.
・Strain the belt or replace it for a new one.

Air is mixed in from the suction pipe line of the
bilge pump.
Check the gland/seal of the bilge pump,
flanges for suction pipes, or the shaft seal of
valves to adjust. Depending on cases,
perform a hydrostatic test to find the source
of defect earlier.

The pipe line of bilge pump is blocked, or

opening of stop valve is not enough.
・Strainer is clogged. ・Clean the mesh of strainer.
・Stop valve is shut or its opening is not ・Open the stop valve fully.
enough.
・Pipe is blocked. ・Remove and clean it.

Blow-off of relief valve due to the too low set Adjust the set pressure of safety valve, or
pressure, or leakage by malfunction of valve. check the valve and valve seat to face them
up. Or, repair to fit.

Leakage from each cock or valve. Shut it. Repair or replace it, if leak is found.

Leakage from oil drain valve. Malfuncition of the solenoid valve results from
either failure of the solenoid valve itself or of
the oil level detecing mechanism.
Therefore, check both cases and repair.

Leakage from automatic air vent valve. Check and wash it. Replace it, if defective.

Abnormal high Treated water drain pipe is blocked.

internal pressure Internal pressure regulating valve or other Adjust the pressure regulating valve
in both 1st & stop valves are shut or their opening is not according to working pressure. For other
2nd chamber enough. stop valves, open fully.
Outboard valve is shut or its opening is not Open the outboard valve fully.
enough.

Abnormal high Coalescer is clogged. Reverse flow washing or replace the

internal pressure Water passage in the separator is blocked. coalescer.
in the 1st Local sediment of sludge causes water Check the internal of the oily water separator
chamber passage to be blocked. thoroughly. Then, clean and repair the
Corrosion on internal structures causes detected part.
water passage to be blocked.

Other abnormal Indication of pressure gauge is in disorder. Check zero point of pressure gauge. For
pressure defective pressure gauges, replace for a new
one.

Excessive water Malfunction of automatic oil drain system.

in the separated Poor sensitivity adjustment for the level Adjust the sensitivity or set time of timer.
oil detecting device or poor setting of timer.
Leakage from solenoid valve. Check and repair the solenoid valve.

20
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

7. Performance sludge deposited inside the separator as

well as to repair any defective part of
The properties of bilge in actual marine corrosion preventive coating at each
vessels will vary from case to case depending periodic inspection.
on vessels, and with time and place even on (3) Maintenance of Bilge Pump
the same vessel. In some cases, the The bilge pump tends to be damaged
properties of bilge are found so deteriorated due to solid matters and other
and may be beyond the specified capacity of contaminants contained in bilge, but still
oil-water separation. Thus, operational it can be naglected in maintenance
conditions for the oily water separator are so servicing. The more the maintenance of
onerous. the bilge pump is neglected and the
The present oily water separators are more leakage is caused within the pump,
manufactured in compliance with the testing the larger quantity of fine oil grains,
standards established based on the which are difficult to be separated by the
international agreements, but they will not oily water separator, will be increased,
exhibit thier functions if good maintenance is and, as the result, the separation
not performed. Therefore, in order to meet performance will be significantly
the drainage requirements of bilge by laws at affected. It is therefore necessary to
any time, full consideration should be taken properly maintain the bucket, valves,
for each of the following points. valve seats, and so on as necessary as
7.1 Periodic Inspection of Oily Water these tend to cause leakage.
In case of reciprocating pump.
Separator
(1) Removal of Internal Contaminants
The introduced bilge contains a
considerable amount of organic
substances such as water scale, sludge,
bacteria, etc., and also leaked oil from
the engine room contains in large
quantities such components as readily
agglomerated by precipitation, including
the wax or pitch contents. For such
reasons, these contaminants are always
deposited and sticked to the internal
wall of the oily water separator, and, as
the result, not only the performance of
oil-water separation will be disturbed, but
also these contaminants can be
discharged outside the oily water
separator as the oil content. Therefore,
it is important to remove greasy
contaminants sticked to the inside of
the separator at each periodic
inspection.
(2) Corrosion Prevention by Removal of
Sludge
In bilge, there are mixed heavy solid
matters such as iron rust, sand, metal
carbon（bond of metal powder with
carbon), etc., which are deposited in the
oily water separator so often. Such
deposited sludge can agglomerate and
damage the corrosion preventive coat on
that part, and can gradually erode and
result in pitting with time. When the
internal partitions of the oily water
separator cause pitting to make a short
pass, it will affect adversely on the
separation performance so seriously.
Therefore, it is necessary to remove

21
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR
7.2 Properties of Bilge
The properties of bilge in actual marine
vessele will vary from case to case depending
on vessels, one of which reasons is inclusion
in bilge of various chemicals for use in
maintenance of the engine and others. Not
only lubrication oil but also fuel oil contains
various additives. However, the effect of
chemicals directly dumped in bilge is
considered more influential than those to be
added in oil.
Further, MEPC.107(49) Paragraph
1.1.3 specifies that“we should devise some
means to minimize inclusion into bilge of
substances causing emulsification” . (3) Compressor Drain
Therefore, it is necessary to take sterner
measures against emulsification than before-
even under the new standard.
(1) Detergents with Surface Active Agent
Detergents containing surface active
agent is produced with the base material
of petroleum or animal vegetable oil. In
some cases, the oil content of almost
100％ can be detected even from a
simple substance. The action of these
detergents to water and oil is so
complicated that some are soluble well
in water but not so well in oil, or vice
versa, or others are soluble both in water
and oil. In all cases, however, their
effect on bilge will be significant, and
(4) Sludge
grains of detergents and oil grains
melted in detergents are both so fine as
approximately 1 μm or smaller in size as
are mixed in bilge. The maximum grain
size which the existing oily water
separators can separate by using any
physical method is only 1 μm or so, if so
much. Therefore, it will be very difficult
to treat these detergents or oil grains
melted in detergents, and some types
have a great bonding power, even if a
least amount, or others are to be fine-
grained. For such reasons, detergents
with surface active agent, if used, will
require careful attention not to be mixed
in bilge. Use of detergent and surface
active agents in the Separator will not
only impose excessive burden on the
coalescer, resulting in the reduction of
its service life, but also raise the
possibility that it will not operate at
maximum efficiency.
Therefore use only a smal amount of
surface active agents to wash. Do not
use emulsion type cleaning agents and
oil & fat type cleaning agents, which can
be detected by the bilge alarm.
(2) Flushings, Rust Preventives and
22
USH
Antiscales
Flushings, agents as well as rust
preventives, antiscales or other cleaning
compounds for cleaning heat
exchangers are used in various ways
depending on application. Any of these
can affect the properties of bilge when
mixed in the bilge tank, making the pH
value higher or lower one-sidedly to
thereby to thereby refine the grains of
the oil contents of bilge, which will be a
significant effect on the oil-water
separation performance. Therefore, any
of these should be necessary not to be
mixed in bilge as much as possible.
The drained oil from the compressor is
such as the water content of
compressed air is emulsified with oil
grains, with light milk color, and
apparantly is very much like detergents
with surface active agent as dissolved in
water : it is most difficult to distinguish
one from the other. Oil grains of the
drained oil from the compressor is finer
than those formed in detergents and
exist in negative ions, and therefore can
not be removed by any physical treating
method. It follows that it should be
necessary to treat such drained oil
separately in order to prevent mixing of
it in bilge.
Sludge contained in the bilge includes
such heavy matters as iorn rust,
sediment, metal carbon, floating carbon,
etc.
In such type of sludge, the light matters
may be bonded with oil grains and
become loose with specific gravity equal
to that of water, and will float in an
intermediate layer of the bilge. These
grains are hard to be separated when
supplied in the oily water separator. The
heavy matters, as described above in
Para. 7.1(2), will be deposited in the oily
water separator and can be the cause of
damaging the oily water separator
indirectly.
Therefore, the input of such sludge to
bilge should be cautioned for the
prevention of inclusion of it in the bilge
tank as it can adversely affect the
performance as well as the maintenance
of the separator.
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

7.3 Treatment of Bilge 8. Maintenance of

Distribution of bilge in the bilge tank is Automatic Oil Drain System
divided into the following four layers from the
surface of bilge. 8.1 Function
① Floating oil layer
The automatic oil drain system
② Fine-grain oil layer
composes a level detecting device of
③ Intermediate layer
electrostatic capacity type (including oil level
④ Layer of precipitates
detector (prove) and transmitter) and a
The floating oil layer ① is a surface oil layer
solenoid valve for oil discharge (or air valve
formed by floating oil grains. The fine-grain
and solenoid valve for Types USH-20, 50).
oil layer ② is of oil grains with the core of
The probe is installed at the lower limit level
solid suspended matters or oil grains
of a control range for the boundary between
bonded with detergents which are not
oil and water in the oil reservoir for both 1st
absorbed in the floating oil layer but floating
and 2nd chamber of the oily water separator.
independently for the reason of specific
When the boundary between oil and water
gravity. The intermediate layer ③ is a water
reaches the lower limit level in the case of
layer containing fine-grain oil, where the oil
automatic run of the oily water separator, this
content becomes lower as the level of layer
probe will transmsit a signal to actuate the
lower. The layer of precipitates ④ is
relay housed in the transmitter, making the
essentially composed of heavy sludge. It is
solenoid valve for oil discharge open, while at
fine-grain oil layer ② that can give a great
this time the timer housed is actuated to
effect on the separation performance of the
energize only for a preset time to discharge
oily water separator. The folating oil will no
oil.
longer be dispersed in bilge by rolling of the
vessel, but oil grains in the fine-grain oil
layer will make excursion even by slight
rolling for such a reason that its specific
gravity is almost equal to that of the
intermediate layer. In addition, since such
fine-grain oil is bonded with solid suspended
matters or with detergents containing
surface agent or other chemicals, it has low
viscosity for oil, and in some cases it is
ionized in negative.
Therefore, the fine-grain oil acts against
each other and will be hard to be bonded. It
follows that such grains as are hard or
impossible to be separated by the oily
water separator should exist in the
fine-grain oil layer in large quantities. This
may be understood from the fact that at
times of rough weather the fine-grain oil
layer makes ingress to oily water separator
in an agitated state more often than at
times of fine weather, which will then cause
lowering of the separation efficiency and
increasing of the oil content of treated
water beyond by far the normal level.
In order to maintain the oil-water separation
efficiency properly, operation should be
prohibited under rough weather, or it should
be conducted in a manner that assures the
operation without suction of the floating oil
layer or fine-grain oil layer.

23
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

8.2 Theory of Operation
The probe of the level detecting device
can detect the change of the oil-water
boundary as the change of the electrostatic
capacity, and transmit a signal to the
transmitter. Namely, as the values of
dielectric constant of water and oil are
significantly different, the value of dielectric
constant between the probe and the internal
wall of the separator will be and radically
changed at the time when the oil-water
boundary reaches the probe. This dielectric
constant value is to be converted into the
intensity of circuit-transmitting voltage to be
used as ON/OFF signals of the relay. The
solenoid valve is opened when the probe for
detecting the lower limit level detects the
separated oil, and closed upon ending of a
preset time of the timer after the probe
detects sea water. Such operation can be
repeated in this device. Adjustment of the
volume of oil discharged, ie. adjustment of the
upper limit level of the boundary can be
accomplished by changing the set time of the
timer. The timer is set to 20 seconds
(primary) and 10 seconds (secondary) when
shipped from the shop, which however should
be readjusted according to resistance in the
drain piping, oil viscosity and internal
pressure of the separator. The operating
conditions are shown in Fig. 4.

Timer
set
time

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solenoid valve Close Close Open Close

Prove ○ ○ × ○
flickering

Transmitting Green Red Green Red Green Red Green Red

Lamp

converter ○ × ○ × × ○ ○ ×

Water Oil ○ Lighting × Distinguishing

Fig.4

If depressing the manual operation

switch button of the transmitting converter,
even under condition (b), the red lamp will be
on to open the solenoid valve. Therefore, as
far as the switch button is depressed, the
solenoid valve will be kept open, and then it
will be able to have only sea water left in the
separator.

24
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

8.3 Wiring (1) Cautions for Mounting

a. When connecting to the electric power
Wirings between the probes, the
source, the transmitting converter or
transmitting converter and the solenoid
the probes, check the symbols on
valves are connected as shown in Fig.5.
terminal board.
Wirings inside the probes and the
transmitting converter are as shown in Figs.6 b. Upon completion of connection, provide
and 7. each electric lead-out with a waterproof
means.
Probe Primary

Red Black

P E
Terminal panel of
solenoid valve

Probe
Primary Secondary
Red Black

P E

Secondary

Solenoid Solenoid
valve valve Oil level detector

V0 V1 V0 V2 E P1 ※Wiring of terminal panel of solenoid

 valve is different by model.

100
0 200
B C A E P2
（N.C） （N.0）

Oil level detector

※Pump stop signal
（Fail safe）

Power Source
AC100V（110）
220V（200）

Terminals inside transmitter

Fig.5 Upper limit lamp (Green)
Operation pilot
lamp (Red) Adjustment Volume
trimmer
Lower limit lamp (Red)
×
4 6
2 8

0 10 Button switch

× ×
Sensitivity
P ×
E adjustment knob

Cello-lite fuse

Connecting
terminals

Terminal block

Inside view of the level detector Inside view of transmitter

Fig.6 Fig.7

25
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR
8.4 Operation Adjustment
The automatic oil drain system is
incorporated in the oily water separator when
delivered. All necessary adjustments for the
automatic oil drain system have been
completed in the shop before shipment.
Therefore, what has to be done before
starting the oily water separator is check that
the oily water separator is filled with sea
water and switch on the electric power
source to start automatic running.
However, if the automatic oil drain
system (level detecting probes, transmitter,
solenoid valves, wirings, etc.) has been
disassembled for the purpose of maintenance
or other reasons, it is necessary in
reassembling that not only wirings should be
restored correctly but also the adjustment
knob be reset so as to secure the optimum
drainage (low water content) of oil from the
solenoid valves for oil discharge.
To adjust, proceed as follows.
① Set the adjustment knob of the level
detecting probe to scale 10.
② Disconnect only the wiring of the solenoid
valves out of those inside the transmitting
converter from the terminals.
③ Fill the separator with sea water fully.
④ Switch on the electric power source.
⑤ Turn the adjustment knob of the level
detecting probe counterclockwise
gradually while searching for the point at
which the operation pilot lamp (red) turns
on. The red lamp will be on around at scale
8, which should be the base point for
adjustment.
Foundamental point Adjusted point
6
8 8
10
Standard adjustment
setting point
Basical
Setting
value
〝7.8〟…… 5.8
〝8.0〟…… 6.0
〝8.3〟…… 6.3
USH
⑥ After the base point is determined, turn
further the adjustment knob
counterclockwise by 1.5 to 3.0 on scale.
Here, setting is completed.
⑦ Connect the wiring of the solenoid valves
to the terminals.
The basic adjustments are now completed.
At this time, however, check that the
lamps should be as follows.
・Power lamp (white) : ON
・Upper limit lamp of transmitter (green) : ON
・Lower limit lamp of transmitter (red) : OFF
・Operation pilot lamp of oil level detector
(red) : ON
※ If the base point (when the operation
pilot lamp is turned on) is not
determined, see if there exist any
disconnected wiring, incorrectly
connected polarity, or level detecting
probe attached by sea water (for air
and oil, there is no base point). If the
base point is still not found, then set
the adjustment knob to scale 8 and
turn it little by little. Turning of the
adjusting trimmer by 180° will make the
position back to the original. So do not
turn too much.
In case of adjusting a metal
screwdriver, touch the box body with
the screwdriver in the condition the
adjusting trimmer is touched, and
operation pilot lamp will go on.
When adjusting, use screwdriver with
insulator, or wind the friction tape
around the area of the box body with
the possibility that is touched.
10
26
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

8.5 Troubleshooting notwithstanding, check the source of trouble

immediately and take corrective actions.
The automatic oil drain system has Troubles which may be considered are
been manufactured under strict qulaity as follows :
control, if this system is troubled

Troubles Causes Remedies

Drainvalve not Electric power source is not switched on. Switch on.
actuated Comoressed air is not supplied. Supply compressed air.
（For only USH-20, and 50)
Poor adjustment of probe. Re-adjust it.
Failure of drain valve. Repair or replace it.
Incorrect wiring. Correct it.
Malfunction of probe or transmitter. Replace it.
Malfunction due to high water content in the Turn the adjusting trimmer of the probe
separated oil. counter-clockwise by 0.2 to 0.4 on scale.

Drain valve not Poor adjustment of probe. Re-adjust it.

closed Failure of drain valve. Repair or replace it.
Malfunction of probe or transmitter. Replace it.
Oil adhered to the probe. Remove the probe and wipe off the oil adhered
to the plobe with soft cloth.

Cut off of fuse Malfunction of solenoid valve. Repair or replace it.

Solenoid valve coil is burnt to damage. Replace it.
Malfuction of transmitter. Replace it.

※ The oil level detecting probe and the circuit
of the transmittier in the 1st and the 2nd
chambers are identical. So, in the event of
failure, exchange these each other
between the two chambers, by which the
source of trouble might be found quickly. If
the fuse is cut off, disconnect the wiring of
the solenoid valves to check them
separately, by which the source of trouble
could be found quickly.
※ When the automatic oil discharging unit is
not functioning, open the test cock in the
first and second chambers, to monitor the
oil discharging. (the oil level sholud not be
lowered.)
※ When the automatic oil discharge unit is
not functioning, manually and
frequently open the test cock in the
second chambers in order to check
discharging oil or water. In case of oil
discharging, stop operation or manually
discharge an accumulated oil from a
respective chamber by manipulating
the solenoid valve otherwise causing
fatal damage to the coalescer(s) and
malfunction.
(1) Solenoid valves in the first chamber of
USH-10 and in the second chamber of
USH-50 can be opened by inserting
the φ6 rod in the hole at the top of the
solenoid and lowering the magnet rod.
This manual operation will open the
solenoid valve to discharge oil.
(2) Pressing the white knob at the top of
the air release solenoid valve in the
first chambers of USH-20 and USH-50,
will allow manual discharge of oil.

27
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

9. Assembly Drawing
USH-03∼05(ie,USH-05)

№   Name Req  Material Remarks

1 Body 1 Mild steel
2 Transmitter 1 Al alloy casting
3 Oil level detector(1) 1 Al alloy casting
4 Oil level detector(2) 1 Al alloy casting
5 Solenoid valve(1) 1 Bronze
6 Solenoid valve(2) 1 Bronze
7 Pressure gauge 2 Brass
8 Safety valve 1 Bronze
9 Air vent valve 1 Stainless steel
10 Strainer 1 Brass
11 Test cock 1 Brass
12 Ball valve 4 Brass
13 Name plate 1 Stainless steel
14 Cover(1) 1 Mild steel
15 Sheet packing(1) 1 Rubber
16 Cover(2) 1 Mild steel
17 Sheet packing(2) 1 Rubber
18 Strainer・Safety pipe 1
19 Oil discharge pipe 1
20 Treated water pipe 1
21 Coalescer cover 1 Stainless steel
22 Coalescer 1 Stainless steel
23 Ball valve 3 Brass

28
15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

USH-10∼50(ie,USH-20)

№ Name Req Material Remarks

1 Body 1 Milde steel
2 Transmitter 1 Al alloy casting
3 Oil level detector(1) 1 Al alloy casting
4 Oil level detector(2) 1 Al alloy casting
5 Air valve 1 Bronze
6 Solenoid valve(2) 1 Bronze
7 Air filter 1 Al alloy casting
8 Pressure gauge 1 Brass
9 Solenoid valve(1) 1 Al alloy casting
10 Safety valve 1 Bronze
11 Air vent valve 1 Stainless steel
12 Strainer 1 Cast iron
13 Pressure gauge 2 Brass
14 Test cock 1 Brass
15 Ball valve 3 Brass
16 Ball valve 2 Brass
17 Name plate 1 Stainless steel
18 Cover(1) 1 Milde steel
19 Sheet packing(1) 1 Rubber
20 Cover(2) 1 Milde steel
21 Sheet packing(2) 1 Rubber
22 Stay 2 Milde steel
23 Coalescer cover(1) 1 Stainless steel USH-20
24 Coalescer cover(2) 1 Stainless steel USH-20
25 Rod 4 Stainless steel USH-20
26 Coalescer 1 Stainless steel USH-20
27 Coalescer pipe 1 Stainless steel USH-20
28 Coalescer cover(1) 1 Stainless steel USH-50
29 Coaleser joint 1 Stainless steel USH-50
30 Coalescer cover(2) 1 Stainless steel USH-50
31 Rod(1) 4 Stainless steel USH-50
32 Rod(2) 4 Stainless steel USH-50
33 Nut 4 Stainless steel USH-50
34 Coalescer 2 Stainless steel USH-50
35 Support 2 Stainless steel USH-50
36 Ball valve 3 Brass

29
 15ppm BILGE SEPARATOR USH

Information (6) During operation, oil viscosity should be

kept at 1000 mm2/s or below. Oil
Taiko oily water separator adopts containing grease less in fluidity, or oil
separation by gravity with coalescers. For high in viscosity, may cause imperfect oil
proper operation, especially, keep the discharge or clogged coalescer, resulting
following points in mind to comply with. in the decrease in the treatment
(1) Fill the separator with sea water to a full capability of the separator.
level always before introducing the bilge (7) Do not discharge water abruptly out of
water into the separator. the oily water separator. Abrupt
(2) Do not allow water in the oily water discharge of water will make the
separator to leak or flow by syphoning. separated oil adhere to the coalescers
Failure of (1) and (2) will cause oil to and cause them to be clogged and
contaminate the 2nd chamber, and will become inoperative. Therefore, be sure to
result in failure of the separation function. discharge the collected separated oil
outside the separator and pass water to
(3) Provide a strainer in the pipe line to
clean its internal thoroughly, before
prevent inclusion of dust and sludge. The
discharging water.
service life of the coalescers is planned
to be one and a half to three years on the (8) Make sure to use genuine coalescer. In
basis of one-hour-per-day service, but case non-genuine coalescer is fitted, the
inclusion of dust and sludge in large oily water separator will not exhibit the
quantities will reduce the service life. required performance.
Especially, sludge from oil purifiers has   Never use non-genuine coalescer.
high viscosity and it tends to clog
coalescers. It should be collected in a
separate sludge tank and not emptied Referencse
into the bilge tank. Japanese Marine Equipment Association
(4) Use of detergent and surface active (JSMEA) SMA 226 Instruction Manual for
agents in the Separator will not only Oil-water separator for Marine Vessels.
impose excessive burden on the
coalescer, resulting in the reduction of its
service life, but also raise the possibility
that it will not operate at maximum
efficiency. Therefore use only a small
amount of surface active agents to wash.
Do not use emulsion type cleaning
agents and oil & fat type cleaning agents,
which can be detected by the bilge alarm.
(5) The floating oil layer in the bilge tank
could reduce the service life of the
coalescer and, therefore, should be
transferred directly to the waste oil tank
without passing through the separator.

URL http://www.taiko-kk.com

■Head Office & 209-1 Shimotabuse, Tabuse-cho, Kumage-gun, Yamaguchi pref. 742-1598 Japan VACUUM PUMP

  Factory TEL：81-820-52-3113∼4 FAX：81-820-53-1001 E-mail：business@taiko-kk.com ROTARY BLOWER 15ppm BILGE

■Tokyo Branch 4th floor, Suidobashi MS Building, 3-4-9 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061 Japan
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TEL：81-3-3221-8551 FAX：81-3-3221-8555 E-mail：tokyo-br@taiko-kk.com SCREW PUMP SEWAGE TREATMENT

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