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Resistance: Topic 19: Current Electricity
Resistance: Topic 19: Current Electricity
The measure of the degree to which an electrical component opposes the ow of an electric current .
An electrical conductor that has:
Lower Resistance, Higher Resistance, Large Current Small Current flowing through it.
WHAT IS RESISTANCE?
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR ?
The resistance of an electrical component is given by the equation Resistance = Potential Difference Current
RESISTANCE
MEASURING RESISTANCE
Power Source
R
Ammeter Rheostat
Ammeter-Voltmeter Method
The resistance of conductor R can be found by measuring the current in the circuit and the potential difference across R.
Voltmeter
A graph of potential difference (V) against current (I) is plotted. Gradient of V-I graph gives the resistance of the component.
MEASURING RESISTANCE
The current through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across its ends if the temperature and other conditions are constant. I
OHMS LAW
Current
Graphs of Current against Voltage is used to illustrate whether a component obeys Ohms Law.
Voltage
I-V GRAPHS
Non-Ohmic Conductors
Non-Ohmic Conductors
Resistance if Temperature
Non-Ohmic Conductors
THERMISTORS
When a thermistor and xed resistor are connected in series, it can be used as a temperature monitoring circuit.
Fixed Resistor
Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com
Thermistor
Non-Ohmic Conductors
LDR
Resistance if Temperature
Longer wires provides longer path for the current to pass through.
Resistance , Length
In hotter wire, t he particles are vig orously vibrating, provid ing more obstacle f or the current to pass through.
Resistance , Temperature
Thicker wires provides more area for the current to pass through.
Resistance , Resistivity
RESISTIVITY
Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com
The resistivity, , of a material is numerically equal to the resistance of a 1 m length of the material 2 with cross-section area 1 m .
Resistance =
Cross-sectional Area
RESISTANCE
Resistors are components in an electrical circuit which provides a known value of resistance.
Fixed Resistors
LDR
Thermistors
Variable Resistors
RESISTORS
Fixed Resistors
RESISTORS
RESISTORS
RESISTORS
Thermistor
Resistors in a circuit
FUNCTION OF RESISTORS
Fixed Resistors
Variable Resistors
Fixed resistors are usually made from wires of special alloys or from carbon and have xed values.
FIXED RESISTORS
FIXED RESISTORS
Fixed resistors have colour coded bands.
Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com
Each band and its placement on the resistor represent its resistance value and tolerance.
47 0
10%
6 8
5%
1 0 000 20%
2 2 00 10%
Each band and its placement on the resistor represent its resistance value and tolerance.
FIXED RESISTORS
VARIABLE RESISTORS
Variable resistors have varying resistances that can be altered by moving a contact / turning a dial.
Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com
VARIABLE RESISTORS
Using variable resistor as a rheostat.
Switch Battery
Changing the res istance of the variable resis tor changes the amo unt of current flowing in the circuit.
Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com
Variable Resistor
Bulb
VARIABLE RESISTORS
Using variable resistor as a potential divider.
Changing the res istance of the variable resis tor changes the pote ntial difference acros s Device X.
Battery
Fixed Resistor
Switch
Variable Resistor
Device X
Circuit diagram showing the arrangement of a variable resistor used as a potential divider.
Resistors In Parallel
Series Arrangements
R series =
R1
R 2
R3
Parallel Arrangements
Rparallel
1 R1
1 R 2
1 R3