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    Lecture 6

    Uploaded by

    Zeeshan Farooq

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Sums, Differences, Products, and Quotients {ie numbers, factions can be added subrace map and dived (exept where the desnninaor i eo) oprdce new incons. Ifa g te actions, then fr every «tat Belongs othe dorans of bah fan hats fer xe DUP) Dig). we deine Tunctions fg. ~ and J by he orulas UF + eX) = 0) + 200, UF 2X0) = 10) ~ 409, (eX) = flied) [Novice tha he + sgn on the ft and ide ofthe it suai represents the operation of | tion of meron, whereas the onthe right and ide ofthe equation means ation th eal numbers) and) ‘Atany poi of DJ) Dg) at which gs) 0, we can also define the funetin f/¢ by efor n= 22 canst #0 Fanctios cam also be map by constants: Heal amber, the he ection of etn forall othe domino fy (ef) = eft EXAMPLE 1 Combining Functions Algebracally ‘The functions defined by the Frmulas fl)" Ve and gla) Vim hve domains D(J) = (0, 2°) and Dts) = (~20, 1. The pints common to these do- rans are he pints 10,20) -09.1= (0. “The folowing ble smmarias the frmalas and dota forthe vous alti com Pinions the wo fantom. We also wie forthe prod uncon fe Function ermal Domain {te (r+ 9a) = Vit View [l= DN) fn8 (= 9a) = Vi= Vim on eof (g~ Nu) = Viax~ Ve on re (Fai) = fade) = Vat (0) fo) mb midtvenin ” fey O11 decay The got ft + tind mt rg fendi cmaeting peta fo tg) mcs pate Uy Ag st Maes Thole red stnetaange emo Segue Composite Functions Composition is another method for combining functions. DEFINITION Composition of Functions If f and g are functions, the composite function f © g (“f composed with defined by (F © ghx) = f(g(x)). The domain of f © g consists of the numbers x in the domain of g for which g(x) lies in the domain of f. EXAMPLE 3 Finding Formulas for Composites I fla) = Vx and g(x) = x + 1, find (a) (Fax) (ee Ax) LF AIX) @ Ce & aha). Solution Composite Domain (a) (F © glx) = flg(a)) = Ve) = Vert [-1.%) (b) (g © Ux) = g(f0) = fe) #1 = Vet [0, 00) (©) (F © Dlx) = fF) = VIG) = Va = x4 {0, 08) @) (g © ghx) = gig) = eG) +1 = (e+ 1) + b=x+2 — (—90,00) ‘To see why the domain of f © g is [—1, 20), notice that g(x) =x +1 is defined for al real x but belongs to the domain of f only if x + 1 = 0, thats to say, when x = Notice that if f(s) = x"and g(x) = Vix, then (f © g)(x) = (Va)? = x. However, the domain of f © g is (0, 00), not (~90, 00) Shifting a Graph of a Function ‘To shift the graph of a function y = f(x) straight up, add a postive constant tothe right- hhand side ofthe formula y = f(x). ‘To shift the graph of a function y = f(x) straight down, add a negative constant to the right-hand side of the formula y = f(x). ‘To shift the graph of y = f(x) tothe left, add a positive constant to x. To shift the raph of y = f(x) to the right, add a negative constant to x Shift Formulas Nertical Shifts ya fe) +k Shifts the graph of Fup k units if k > 0 Shifts it down |k| units if k < 0 Horizontal Shits yest hy Shifts the graph of flefth units if h > 0 Shifts it right || units if h <0 Vertical and Horizontal Sealing and Reflecting Formulas Fore > y = f(x) Stretches the graph of f vertically by a factor of y= tp ‘Compresses the graph of f vertically by a factor of e. y= flex) ‘Compresses the graph of f horizontally by a factor of ¢ y= faye) Stretches the graph of f horizontally by a factor of c: Fore = -1, y= fx) Reflects the graph of f across the x-axis. y= f(-x) Reflects the graph of f across the y-axis. ght © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 1.5 Combining Functions; Shifting and Scaling Graphs 43 EXAMPLE 5 Scaling and Reflecting a Graph (a) Vertical: Multiplying the right-hand side of y = Vx by 3 to get y = 3Vxsstretches the graph vertically by a factor of 3, whereas multiplying by 1/3 compresses the graph by a factor of 3 (Figure 1.57). (b) Horizontal: The graph of y = V/3x is a horizontal compression of the graph of y = Vx by a factor of 3, and y = V/x/3 is a horizontal stretching by a factor of 3 (Figure 1.58). Note that y = V3x = V3 Vso horizontal compression may cor- respond to a vertical stretching by a different scaling factor. Likewise, a horizontal stretching may correspond to a vertical compression by a different scaling factor. EXERCISES 1.50 Sums, Differences, Products, and Quotients In Exercises 1 and 2, find the domains and ranges of f, g, f + g, and Fra. 1. fa) =a, 20) = Ve-1 2. fa) = Vet, g@)= Ve-1 In Exercises 3 and 4, find the domains and ranges of f. g, f/g, and g/f. 3. f(x) g@artl 4 fl) = 1, gi = 1+ Ve Composites of Functions 5. If f(x) = x + 5 and g(x) = x7 — 3, find the following. a. f(g(0)) Bb sfO) e f(g@)) 4a. gf) e& f(f(-5) £ g(gQ2) & f(fa)) b. g(g@) 6. If f(x) = x — Land g(x) = 1/(x + 1), find the following. a. f(g(1/2)) be g(fl/2)) & f(g) d. (fi) e fF) £ g(g(2)) & fF) he gig) 1.5 COMBINING FUNCTIONS; SHIFTING AND SCALING GRAPHS 1. Dy: 0c Dug = Dy X21 Re coy LR: y 20 2. Di x+1>0 + x>-1,Dz x-12>0 > x>1. Therefore Dy, BER y2ORae: y> V2Ry y20 Dy: x2 1. 1. (a) . Dy: 00 1,Roe OH J. Dy 00 Dyyi x > Osince g(x) #0 for any x > 0; Dyy: x > 0 since fix) #0 for any x > 0. Ry: Rg y2LRog O

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