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Arief Sabdo Yuwono

SEAMEO Biotrop; Dept. Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan - IPB Bogor
 Komposting: Bagian ‘Go Green’
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Go Green (Ramah Lingk)

Sampah Air Energi Rumah ...

Green
Anorganik Organik Recycle E. Matahari Building ...
(GBCI)

3R Kompos
Semua orang bisa
melakukan.
3 Pendahuluan
Pengertian Mulsa dan Kompos
Latar Belakang
 Mulsa dan Kompos
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Mulsa (mulch) Kompos (compost)

• Both inorganic and organic
materials; spread on top of soil
as a top dressing.
• Limiting weed growth
• Moderating soil temperature
• Enhancing moisture retention in
soil
• Micro-org decomposing organic
matter through aerobic
biodegradation process.
• Sometimes referred to as
fertilizer.
• Mixed into the soil to improve
soil structure and add nutrients.

Mulch Compost
 Latar Belakang: Limbah Land Clearing
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Istilah utk limbah land clearing Contoh ilustrasi

 Land clearing debris

 Green waste (GW)
 Vegetative waste
 Limbah Land Clearing: Mengapa ?
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Bahan baku Contoh hasil

Tersedia

Terbuang

Bermanfaat

Diperlukan lain waktu

 Limbah Land Clearing: Mengapa ?
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Limbah Land
Clearing

Dibuang Dimanfaatkan

Biaya Masalah Manfaat Keuntungan

 Ref. Komprehensif: Reyes-Torres et al. (2018)
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Feedstock Composting Composting Shredding

Particle size
(raw mat.) strategies time method
9 Proses dan Teknologi Produksi

Proses Komposting
Manfaat Kompos
Teknologi Produksi
 Sistem pengolahan limbah padat scr biologis
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Biodegradable
material
Aerobic
composting
Product: Compost
Biological Solid
Waste Treatment Biodegradable
material
Anaerobic
digestion
Product: Methane,
compost
 Anaerobic digestion: Process Diagram
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Iona Capital
 Biological Solid Waste Treatment: Composting
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 Proses Pengomposan
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Bahan
organik

Dekomposisi
(komposting)

Kompos siap
pakai
 Composting
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 Aerobic process where micro-org, in an oxygen env.,

decompose the organic waste as follows:
Aerobic
bacteria

 Org. matter + O2  new cells + CO2 + H2O + NH3 + SO4

 Key inorganic nutrients required:

 N, P, S, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Na

Anaerobic
composting ?
 Composting
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Process parameters: pengomposan jerami

 Temperature:
(aerated static piles)

 Psychrophilic (15-20oC) 80

 Mesophilic (25-35oC) 70

 Thermophilic (50-60oC). 60
Moisture content [50-

Temperatur oC

60%] 50

 Oxygen [15-20%] 40

 C/N ratio [30] 30

 pH [6-8] 20

 Biochemical 0 20
Waktu (hari)
40 60

composition and texture. T ambien Atas Tengah

Bawah Rata-rata

(Nasir dan Yuwono, 2013)

 Composting
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 Easily degradable:
plants, manure, primary
wastewater sludge, food
wastes.
 Slowly biodegradable:
straw, leaves, yard
wastes, paper with high
content of lignin.
 Composting system
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Composting
system

Traditional Aerated static In vessel

windrow pile composting
 Composting system: windrow
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 Non-biodegradable
fraction is removed
 MSW is piled up in
long rows of almost
triangular cross
section on hard
surfaces
 Height: 1-2 m. Base
width= 3-4 m
 Regular turning: to
oxygenate
 3 months.
 Composting system: aerated static pile
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 MSW is piled up in wind-

rows
 1-2 m high; 3-4 m wide;
20 m long
 Laid on floor of
ventilation piping system
 Aerated by forcing air
through perforated pipes
 Decomposition: 4-6
weeks
 Advantage: better control.
 Composting system: in vessel composting
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 Composting is carried out in different vessels (reactors):

 Horizontal plug flow reactors
 Vertical continuous flow reactors
 Rotating drums.
 Composting system: in vessel composting
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 Manfaat Kompos
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Manfaat
kompos

Tanah/
Lingkungan Ekonomi
tanaman
 Manfaat Kompos: Aspek Lingkungan
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Lingkungan

Mengurangi
polusi udara
(bila sampah
dibakar)

Mengurangi
kebutuhan lahan
utk penimbunan
 Manfaat Kompos: Aspek Ekonomi
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Ekonomi

Hemat biaya
transport &
timbunan limbah

Mengurangi vol./
ukuran limbah

Sampah: Kompos:
Nilai jual >>
bahan asal Pengeluaran Pendapatan
(biaya) (uang)
 Manfaat Kompos: Tanah/Tanaman
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Kesuburan tanah

Struktur dan
Tanah/tanaman

karakteristik tanah

Kapasitas penyerapan
air oleh tanah

Aktivitas mikroba
tanah

Kualitas hasil panen

Hormon dan vitamin

bagi tanaman

Hara dalam tanah

 Manfaat Kompos: Kesuburan Tanah
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https://www.fertilizer-machine.net/solution_and_market/fertilizer-affects-plants-grow.html
 Manfaat Kompos: Perbaikan Sifat Tanah
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Kompos,
kot. hewan

Mineralisasi
https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_artt
ext&pid=S0718-95162015000200005

Perbaikan
sifat tanah
 Manfaat Kompos: Water Retention
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http://www.microlifefertilizer.com/academy/organic-landscapes-conserve-
water/

Aplikasi Air tertahan Mencegah

kompos dalam tanah banjir
 Manfaat Kompos: Water Retention
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http://www.bioterra.com.ua/en/fertilizers/advantages.html
 Manfaat Kompos: Hara dalam Tanah
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http://westmarincompost.org/were-open/
31 Aplikasi Skala Kecil dan Kota
 Kompos Rumah
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Bak kompos Bahan baku kompos

 Aplikasi Kompos dari Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga
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Pupuk tanaman ini berasal dari sampah padat kami !

 Hasil Pengomposan Skala Rumah Tangga
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No Aspek Jml Satuan Keterangan

1 Jumlah jiwa 4 Kapita -

2 Vol. bangkitan sampah padat * 3,1 liter/hari Std. 0,765 kg/kap./hari

3 Fraksi organik 75 % -

4 Waktu biodegradasi 2 bln Smp kompos stabil

5 Vol. bak sampah 273 liter P=70cm; L=60cm; T=65cm

6 Vol. bahan dasar kompos 273 liter 100% vol. bak

7 Vol. kompos kasar 109 liter 40 % vol. awal

55 kg/2 bln ρ = 0,5 kg/liter

8 Prod. Kompos (siap pakai) 14 kg/bln 50% vol. kompos kasar

9 Nilai ekonomi kompos ** 20 Ribu Rp/bln Rp.1500/kg

 Simulasi: Kota B (1 juta penduduk)
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Komponen Satuan Kuantitas

Bangkitan sampah padat m3/hari 2.708
% sampah terangkut %/hari 70
Vol. sampah terangkut m3/hari 1.896
Fraksi organik % 72
Jml fraksi organik terangkut m3/hari 1.365
Vol. sampah per ritasi m3 8
Jml ritasi truk angkut fraksi organik rit/hari 171
Biaya angkut tiap rit Juta Rp/rit 0,5
Jml. ritasi per thn rit/th 61.417
Penurunan biaya angkut sampah Milyar Rp/thn 31
36 Aplikasi Skala Besar
 Grinding
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 Chipper
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Chipper (Vermeer) Chipper (Vermeer)

 Large Scale Compost Production
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Compost grinding Turning machine

 Large Scale Compost Production
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Compost pile Compost turning

 Selesai - Terima kasih
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42
Terima kasih

Prof. Dr. Ir. Arief Sabdo Yuwono, MSc

HP. 081 311 210 100
Email:
arief.sabdo.yuwono66@gmail.com