Saint Mary’s University

School of Engineering and Architecture

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT
Name
REVIEW MATH ANALYTIC GEOMETRY
Course & Yr

I. INTRODUCTION IV. SLOPE OF A LINE VII. DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL

Analytic Geometry deals with geometric Consider two points whose coordinates are LINES
problems using coordinate system thereby (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), respectively. A line is Consider two parallel lines with equations Ax +
converting it into algebraic equations. formed by connecting these two points. The By + C1 = 0 and Ax + By + C2 = 0 . The
slope of the line is defined as the rise (vertical) perpendicular distance between the two lines
Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650, Cartesius in per run (horizontal): is given by:
Latin language) is regarded as the founder of C1 − C2
analytic geometry by introducing coordinates d=
system in 1637. Rectangular coordinate  A2 + B 2
system (also known as Cartesian coordinate
system) VIII. DIVISION OF LINE SEGMENT
Consider two points with coordinates (x1, y1)
and (x2, y2). The line segment formed by these
two lines is divided by a point P whose
coordinates are (x, y).
A line parallel to the x-axis has a slope of zero Let r1 and r2 be the corresponding ratio of its
while a line parallel to the y-axis has a slope of length to the total distance between two points
infinity.
r2 x1 + r1 x2
x=
Point O is the origin and has coordinates (0, For parallel lines with slopes m1 and m2, r1 + r2
0). The x-coordinate or abscissa is always respectively, the slopes are equal.
r2 y1 + r1 y2
measured from the y-axis while the y- m1 = m2 y=
coordinate or ordinate is always measured r1 + r2
from the x-axis. For perpendicular lines with slopes m1 and m2,
respectively, the slope of one is the negative
If the point P is at the midpoint of the line
II. DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS IN reciprocal of the other.
segment, then:
A PLANE m1 = - 1/m2
x +x y + y2
Consider two points whose coordinates are x= 1 2 y= 1
V. ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES 2 2
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) respectively. A right triangle
is formed with the distance between two points Consider two lines with slopes m1 and m2. The
being the hypotenuse of the right triangle. angle  between these lines (line 1 and line 2) IX. AREA OF POLYGON BY USING THE
may be calculated using the formula: COORDINATES OF ITS VERTICES
m − m1 Consider a polygon whose vertices have
tan  = 2
1 + m2 m1 coordinates of (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3).
x2, y2
1 x1 x2 x3 x1
VI. DISTANCE BETWEEN A POINT AND A A=
LINE 2 y1 y2 y3 y1
Consider the point with coordinates P(x1, y1)
x1, y1 and a line with equation Ax + By + C = 0. X. EQUATIONS OF LINES
(x1, y1) A line is defined as the shortest distance
between two points. The following are the
Using Pythagorean theorem, the distance equations of lines:
between two points can be calculated using: Ax1 + By1 + C A. General Equation
d= Ax + By + C = 0
This formula is known as the distance formula.  A2 + B 2 B. Point Slope Form
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
III. DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS IN Use + if B is positive and the point is above the C. Slope Intercept Form
SPACE line or to the right of the line y = mx + b
Consider three axes namely x, y, and z and + if B is negative and the point is below D. Intercept Form
two points (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2), the line or to the left of the line x y
respectively. - Otherwise + =1
a b
XI. CONIC SECTIONS ( y − k )2 + (x − h )2 =1
3. Find the circumcenter of the triangle
Conic section (or simply conic) is the locus of 2 2 formed by the lines y + 7 = 0, x – y + 2 =
a point which moves so that its distance from a a b 0, and 9x + 4y – 125 = 0.
fixed point (focus) is in constant ratio, e Other Properties: a) (0, 0) c) (4, -2)
(eccentricity) to its distance from a fixed Distance from center to focus = ae b) (-2, -1) d) (-1, -2)
straight line (directrix). Distance from center to directrix = a/e
The term conic was first introduced by a 2b 2 4. How far from the line 5x – 4y + 7 = 0 is
LR = &a 2 + b 2 = (ae)2
renowned mathematician and astronomer of a the point (-2, 8)?
antiquity, Apollonius (co. 255 – 170 B.C.) Hyperbola: e > 1 a) 4.75 units c) 3.21 units
Also the term conic section was due to the fact General Equation: b) 9.84 units d) 5.47 units
that the section is formed by a plane made to  Ax 2  Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
intersect a cone. 5. Determine the value of k such that 3x +
Circle is produced when the cutting plane is where A and C are of the different signs. 2y – 7 = 0 is perpendicular to 2x – ky + 2
parallel to the base of the cone. Standard Equation: = 0.
Ellipse is produced when the cutting plane is Center at (h, k) transverse axis along x- a) 3 c) 1
not parallel (or inclined) to the base of the axis b) 2 d) 4
cone. (x − h)2 − ( y − k )2 =1
Parabola is produced when the cutting plane is 6. The centroid of a triangle whose vertices
a2 b2
parallel to the element (or generatrix) of the are at A(5, 6), B(-8, 12) and C(x, y) is at
Center at (h, k) transverse axis along y-
cone. (2, 4). What is the value of x?
axis
Hyperbola is produced when the cutting plane a) 6 c) -6
is parallel to the axis of the cone. ( y − k )2 − (x − h)2 = 1 b) -9 d) 9
a2 b2 7. Find the equation of the line parallel to 3x
General Equation: Other Properties: – 4y – 14 = 0 and is 2 units away from the
Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 Distance from center to focus = ae point (1, 5).
Distance from center to directrix = a/e a) 3x – 4y + 27 = 0 c) 3x-4y+10=0
NOTE: If B  0, the axis of the conic is oblique b) 3x – 4y -22 = 0 d) 3x-4y-7=0
2b 2
with the coordinate axes (i.e. not parallel to x LR = & a 2 − b 2 = (ae)2
or y axes). a 8. Find the distance between the two
parallel lines 4x – 9y – 18 = 0 and 8x –
Circle: e = 0 XII. ROTATION OF AXES 18y + 11 = 0.
General Equation: Elimination of the xy term a) 3.29 units c) 2.39 units
x 2 + y 2 + dx + ey + f = 0 Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 b) 3.92 units d) 2.93 units
Standard Form: x = x' cos − y ' sin 
Center (h, k) and radius r 9. The circle x2 + y2 -8x + 6y – 11 = 0 is cut
y = x' sin  + y ' cos
by the line 3x – 8y – 22 = 0. Find the area
(x − h ) + ( y − k )
2 2
= r2 Where of the smaller segment.
Parabola: e = 1 (C − A)  (C − A)2 + B 2 a) 50.55 sq. units c) 44.39 sq.units
General Equation: tan  = b) 37.13 sq. units d) 33.41 sq.units
Ax 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
B
where the sign on the radical is taken to
Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 10. Determine the equation of the radical axis
agree with the sign of B.
Standard Form: of the circles x2 + y2 – 12x – 9y +50 = 0
NOTE: If A = C then  = 45o.
Vertex (h, k) opening up or down circle x2 + y2 – 25 = 0.
a) 4x – 3y = 25 c) 3x – 4y = 25
(x − h )2 = 4a( y − k ) XIII. POLAR COORDINATES
b) 4x + 3y = 25 d) 3x + 4y = 25
Vertex (h, k) opening left or right x = r cos 
( y − k )2 = 4a(x − h ) y = r sin  11. What is the equation of the circle
r =x +y
2 2 2 circumscribing the triangle whose vertices
Other properties:
are (2, 3), (-4, 6) and (2, -6).
Length of latus rectum = 4a
a) x2 + y2 + 3x + 8y – 38 = 0
Distance from directrix to vertex and from PRATICE PROBLEMS:
b) x2 + y2 + 3x + 8y + 38 = 0
vertex to focus = a 1. Find the inclination of the line segment
c) x2 + y2 + 8x + 3y – 38 = 0
Ellipse: e<1 joining (3, 2) and (8, -5). d) x2 + y2 + 8x – 3y + 38 = 0
General Equation: a) 54.46o c) 152.54o
Ax 2 + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 b) 125.54o d) 27.46o
12. Determine the vertex of the parabola y 2 +
where A and C are of the same signs. 6y + 5x + 14 = 0.
2. Find the equation of a line which passes
Standard Equation: a) (1, -3) c) (-1, -3)
through the intersection of the lines 2x +
Center at (h, k) major axis along x - axis b) (1, 3) d) (-1, 3)
7y – 29 = 0 and x – y = 1 and through
(x − h)2 + ( y − k )2 = 1 point (0, -6).
13. Find the equation of the parabola which
a2 b2 a) 9x – 4y + 24 = 0 c) 9x +4y+24 = 0 opens upward with latus rectum ending at
Center at (h, k) major axis along y-axis b) 9x + 4y + 24 = 0 d) 9x-4y-24=0
(-2, ½) and (8, ½).
 a) x2 – 6x – 10y + 11 = 0 22. Find the equation of one of the
b) x2 + 6x – 10y + 11 = 0 asymptotes of the hyperbola x2 – 4y2 – 6x x = tan  and y = tan 2
c) x2 – 6x – 10y - 11 = 0 – 8y + 1 = 0. a) x2y = y – 2x c) y2x = x – 2y
d) x2 – 6x + 10y + 11 = 0 a) x – 2y + 1 = 0 c) x-2y+5=0 b) xy = x3 + y3 d) xy = x2 + y2
b) x – 2y – 1 = 0 d) x-2y-5=0
14. Find the equation of a parabola with
vertex located along the y – axis and 23. Find the equation of the hyperbola with 2x2 + 6x + 9
32. The function f ( x) = will
have the latus rectum y = 3 and a foci at (-4, 0 ) and (4, 0) and passes x2 − x − 2
directrix of y = - 11. through (2, 0). have vertical asymptote at:
a) x2 + 7y + 28 = 0 a) 3x2 – y2 + 12 = 0 a) x = 0 c) x = 2
b) x2 + 28y + 112 = 0 b) 3x2 – y2 - 12 = 0 b) x = -2 d) x = 1
c) x2 – 7y – 28 = 0 c) x2 – 3y2 – 4 = 0
d) x2 – 28y – 112 = 0 d) x2 – 3y2 + 12 = 0 33. Find the equation of the normal to the
curve x2 = 25y at x = 10.
15. A truck hauling a cylindrical steel tank has 24. Find the equation of the graph of a point a) 4x – 5y – 20 = 0
to pass under an overhead parabolic arch which moves so that its distance from (4, b) 3x – 2y – 4 = 0
bridge which has a span of 24 m and is 0) is twice its distance from the line x = 1. c) 5x + 4y – 66 = 0
20 m high. If the tank is 16 m in diameter a) x2 – 3y2 + 12 = 0 d) 4x + 5y + 20 = 0
and is placed in the truck with sides b) x2 – 3y2 - 12 = 0
vertical, and the top of the tank is 10 m c) 3x2 – y2 - 12 = 0 34. The points A(1, 0, -1), B(3, -1, -5) and
above the street level, find the smallest d) 3x2 – y2 + 12 = 0 C(4, 2, 0) are the vertices of a triangle.
clearance from the top of the tank. What is the distance from point C to the
a) 0.99 m c) 1.22 m 25. Find the equation of the curve such that line through A and B?
b) 1.11 m d) 1.33 m the sum of the distances from any point a) 1.23 c) 3.74
on the curve to two fixed points (-3, 0) b) 2.89 d) 4.32
16. Find the distance between the foci of the and (3,0) is always equal to 8 units.
curve 9x2 + 25y2 – 18x + 100y – 116 = 0. a) 16x2 – 7y2 = 112 35. A tetrahedron is bounded by the
a) 7 units c) 8 units b) 16x2 + 7y2 = 112 coordinate planes and the plane 8x + 12y
b) 6 units d) 12 units c) 7x2 + 16y2 = 112 + 4z – 48 = 0 . The base in on the x-y
d) 7x2 – 16y2 = 112 plane. Find the volume of the tetrahedron.
17. Find the area bounded by the curve 16x 2 a) 56 c) 48
+ 9y2 + 36y – 108 =0. 26. Given the equilateral hyperbola xy = 8, b) 36 d) 132
a) 47.12 sq. units c) 18.82 sq.units determine its eccentricity.
b) 23.56 sq. units d) 37.70 sq.units a) 1.414 c) 1.368 36. A line is tangent to the circle x 2 + y2 = 25
b) 1.732 d) 1.521 at (3, 4), find the length of the sub-
18. The area of an ellipse is 188.496 and its tangent.
perimeter is 57.757. Find the length of its 27. Find the acute angle of rotation such the a) 3 c) 3/16
latus rectum. transformed equation of the given b) 16/3 d) 4
a) 4.17 c) 4.57 equation will not have xy term.
b) 5.23 d) 3.75 2 x 2 + 3 xy + y 2 = 8 37. What is the distance between the
intercepts of the line x + 2y – 6 = 0?
19. The arch of an underpass is a semi- a) 45o c) 60o a) 6.231 c) 8.639
ellipse 60 ft wide and 20 ft high. Find the b) 30o d) 75o b) 6.708 d) 5.449
clearance at the edge of a lane if the 28. Determine the vertex of the curve
edge is 20 ft from the middle. 4 38. Find the distance between the points a(3,
r=
a) 14.91 ft c) 17.14 ft 1 = cos -5, 0) and B (-2, 4, -6).
b) 15.61 ft d) 16.33 ft a) (2, 0) c) (0, 2) a) 7.87 c) 11.92
b) (-2, 0) d) (0, - 2) b) 10.86 d) 12.04
20. Find the equation of the ellipse with foci
at (-6, 0 ) and (6, 0) and passes through 29. Determine the area bounded by the curve 39. Given the following vectors A and B:
(9, 0). r = 6 cos . A = 2i + cj + k
a) 9x2 + 5y2 – 405 = 0 a) 28.27 sq.units c) 50.27 sq.units B = 4i – 2j – 2k
b) 5x2 + 9y2 – 450 = 0 b) 113.10 sq. units d) 12.57 sq.units If the given vectors are perpendicular,
c) 9x2 + 5y2 – 450 = 0 what is the value of C.
d) 5x2 + 9y2 – 405 = 0 3 a) 3 c) 2
30. The polar curve r = is: b) 4 d) 5
3 + 2 cos 
21. Find the coordinates of one of the foci of a) a circle c) a parabola
the hyperbola 9x2 – 4y2 – 90x + 189 = 0. b) an ellipse d) a hyperbola 40. Which of the following is perpendicular to
a) (1.39, 0) c) (-1.39, 0) vector A = 4i + 2j – 3k?
b) (0, 1.39) d) (0, -1.39) 31. Find the rectangular equation of the a) 3i – 2j + k c) I + 3j + 4k
following parametric equations: b) -5i + j – 2k d) 2i + 5j + 2k