Data Tables 1 19

Contents
Table 1: Electricity emissions factors to 2100, kgCO2e/kWh

Table 2a: Converting fuel types to CO2 and CO2e (emissions factors)
Table 2b: Converting road fuels to CO2 (Emissions factors), kgCO2/litre
Table 3: Carbon prices and sensitivities 2010-2100, 2020£/tCO2e
Tables 4-8: Retail fuel prices (real 2020 prices)
Tables 9-13: Long-run variable costs (LRVCs) of energy supply (real 2020 prices)
Table 14: Regional air quality damage costs for the transport sector (real 2020 p/litre)
Table 15 Air quality damage costs from primary fuel use (real 2020 p/kWh)
Tables 16-18: Fossil Fuel Price assumptions (real 2018 prices)
Table 19: GDP deflator
This set of tables supports the Treasury Green Book supplementary appraisal guidance on valuing
energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
The appraisal guidance, background analysis and calculations toolkit may be found on the Green
Book supplementary guidance section of GOV.UK website:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/valuation-of-energy-use-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-for-appraisal
These tables were last revised in June 2021

Table 1: Electricity emissions factors to 2100, kgCO 2e/kWh
Consumption and generation-based emissions factors.
Analysts should use consumption-based emissions factors for measuring GHG emissions per unit of final energy de
emissions factors include transmission and distribution losses, including significant losses due to power station ine
Generation-based emissions factors measure GHG emissions per unit of electricity generated.
Long-run marginal emissions factors should be used for measuring small changes in consumption or generation. Gr
emissions factors are used for footprinting.
Long-run marginal Grid average

Consumption-based Consumption-based
Year Generation-
Commercial/ based Commercial/
Domestic Public sector Industrial Domestic Public sector
2010 0.389 0.382 0.375 0.357 0.498 0.489
2011 0.384 0.377 0.370 0.350 0.482 0.473
2012 0.377 0.370 0.363 0.343 0.529 0.519
2013 0.367 0.361 0.354 0.336 0.491 0.482
2014 0.360 0.354 0.347 0.328 0.439 0.431
2015 0.350 0.344 0.337 0.320 0.367 0.360
2016 0.340 0.333 0.327 0.311 0.293 0.288
2017 0.330 0.324 0.318 0.301 0.262 0.257
2018 0.319 0.313 0.308 0.291 0.243 0.239
2019 0.308 0.302 0.296 0.281 0.217 0.213
2020 0.296 0.290 0.285 0.270 0.162 0.159
2021 0.283 0.278 0.272 0.258 0.151 0.149
2022 0.269 0.264 0.259 0.246 0.142 0.139
2023 0.255 0.250 0.246 0.233 0.136 0.133
2024 0.240 0.236 0.231 0.219 0.148 0.145
2025 0.224 0.220 0.216 0.205 0.125 0.123
2026 0.207 0.203 0.200 0.189 0.092 0.091
2027 0.189 0.186 0.182 0.173 0.076 0.075
2028 0.171 0.167 0.164 0.156 0.071 0.069
2029 0.151 0.148 0.145 0.138 0.066 0.065
2030 0.130 0.127 0.125 0.118 0.053 0.052
2031 0.105 0.103 0.101 0.096 0.042 0.041
2032 0.085 0.083 0.082 0.078 0.036 0.035
2033 0.069 0.067 0.066 0.063 0.031 0.031
2034 0.056 0.055 0.054 0.051 0.028 0.028
2035 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.025 0.025
2036 0.036 0.036 0.035 0.033 0.021 0.021
2037 0.029 0.029 0.028 0.027 0.019 0.018
2038 0.024 0.023 0.023 0.022 0.018 0.018
2039 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017
2040 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015
2041 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013
2042 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012
2043 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.012
2044 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.011 0.011
2045 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.009
2046 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.009
2047 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.008 0.008
2048 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.007
2049 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2050 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2051 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2052 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2053 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2054 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2055 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2056 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2057 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2058 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2059 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2060 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2061 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2062 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2063 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2064 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2065 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2066 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2067 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2068 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2069 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2070 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2071 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2072 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2073 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2074 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2075 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2076 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2077 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2078 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2079 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2080 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2081 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2082 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2083 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2084 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2085 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2086 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2087 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2088 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2089 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2090 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2091 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2092 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2093 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2094 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2095 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2096 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2097 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2098 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2099 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
2100 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
Note: GHGs include CO2, CH4 and N2O.

Source: BEIS modelling
background documentation (Chapter 2) which can be downloaded from the Green Gook supplementary guidance sectio
webpage:
s per unit of final energy demand. These
due to power station inefficiency.
ated.
sumption or generation. Grid average
Grid average
nsumption-based
Generation-
based
Industrial
0.480 0.457
0.464 0.440
0.509 0.482
0.473 0.449
0.423 0.399
0.354 0.335
0.282 0.268
0.252 0.239
0.234 0.222
0.209 0.198
0.156 0.148
0.146 0.138
0.136 0.129
0.131 0.124
0.143 0.135
0.121 0.114
0.089 0.084
0.074 0.070
0.068 0.065
0.064 0.060
0.051 0.048
0.040 0.038
0.035 0.033
0.030 0.029
0.027 0.026
0.024 0.023
0.020 0.019
0.018 0.017
0.018 0.017
0.017 0.016
0.015 0.014
0.012 0.012
0.012 0.011
0.012 0.011
0.011 0.010
0.009 0.009
0.008 0.008
0.008 0.007
0.007 0.007
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
0.007 0.006
plementary guidance section of GOV.UK
missions-for-appraisal
Table 2a: Converting fuel types to CO 2 and CO2e (emissions factors)
2020 conversion factors for final energy demand
Emissions factors CO2 only (kgCO2 per unit)

Fuel Tonnes kWh (gross CV) Litres* Therms
Gaseous fuels:
LPG 2934.8 0.2 1.6 6.3
Natural Gas 2528.3 0.2 2.0 5.4
Other Petroleum gases 2598.6 0.2 1.0 5.4
Liquid fuels:
Aviation spirit 3127.7 0.2 2.2 7.0
Aviation turbine fuel 3149.7 0.2 2.5 7.2
Burning Oil 3149.7 0.2 2.5 7.2
Fuel Oil 3209.4 0.3 3.2 7.8
Lubricants 3171.1 0.3 7.7
Naptha 3131.3 0.2 6.9
Refinery miscellaneous 2933.3 0.2 7.2
Solid fuels:
Anthracite 3200.7 0.4 10.4
Coke (domestic) 3073.8 0.4 10.9
Coking coal 3201.0 0.4 10.6
Domestic steam coal 2632.0 0.3 9.2
Domestic smokeless solid fuel 2896.7 0.4 10.3
Industrial steam coal 2354.6 0.3 9.3
Petroleum Coke 3388.2 0.3 10.0
Economy Sectors use different mixes of solid fuels and oil products. The following Table provides the average
solid fuels and oil products based on the mix reported in DUKES 2020 for 2019. If your policy doesn't target sp
specific non-domestic sectors we suggest that you use these values.
Average Emissions Factors for Sectors CO2 only All GHG

kgCO2e
Sector Fuel kgCO2 /KWh
/KWh
Domestic 0.243 0.244
Non-Domestic 0.250 0.252
Commercial Services Oil 0.242 0.243
Public Services Products 0.249 0.251
Industry (excludes Iron & Steel) 0.257 0.259
Agriculture 0.247 0.249
Domestic 0.338 0.370
Non-Domestic 0.333 0.342
Commercial Services Solid 0.328 0.332
Public Services Fuels 0.328 0.332
Industry (excludes Iron & Steel) 0.333 0.342
Agriculture 0.328 0.332
Note: All GHG includes CO2, CH4 and N2O. * Cubic metres for natural gas.
Sources:
Government Greenhouse Gas Conversion Factor Repository
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/government-conversion-factors-for-company-reporting
Further guidance on the use of emissions factors is in the appraisal guidance (Chapter 3) which can be downloaded fro
guidance section:
All GHG emissions (kgCO2e per unit)
Tonnes kWh (gross CV) Litres* Therms
2938.8 0.2 1.6 6.3

2533.0 0.2 2.0 5.4
2601.1 0.2 1.0 5.4
3218.6 0.2 2.3 7.2

3181.4 0.2 2.5 7.3
3165.3 0.2 2.5 7.2
3221.4 0.3 3.2 7.8
3181.4 0.3 7.7
3142.9 0.2 6.9
2944.8 0.2 7.2
3485.5 0.4 11.3

3335.5 0.4 11.8
3222.0 0.4 10.7
2883.3 0.3 10.1
3169.6 0.4 11.3
2380.0 0.3 9.4
3397.8 0.3 10.0
wing Table provides the average emission factors in each sector for
. If your policy doesn't target specific solid fuels or oil products or
any-reporting
er 3) which can be downloaded from the Green Gook supplementary
e-gas-emissions-for-appraisal
Table 2b: Converting road and rail fuels to CO2e
(emissions factors), kgCO2e/litre
Year Petrol Diesel Gas oil

2010 2.230 2.562 2.926
2011 2.211 2.567 2.926
2012 2.211 2.609 2.926
2013 2.201 2.597 2.852
2014 2.189 2.601 2.856
2015 2.189 2.601 2.856
2016 2.189 2.602 2.856
2017 2.160 2.556 2.809
2018 2.130 2.511 2.763
2019 2.100 2.465 2.716
2020 2.071 2.420 2.669
2021 2.071 2.420 2.669
2022 2.071 2.420 2.669
2023 2.071 2.420 2.669
2024 2.071 2.420 2.669
2025 2.071 2.420 2.669
2026 2.071 2.420 2.669
2027 2.071 2.420 2.669
2028 2.071 2.420 2.669
2029 2.071 2.420 2.669
2030 2.071 2.420 2.669
2031 2.071 2.420 2.669
2032 2.071 2.420 2.669
2033 2.071 2.420 2.669
2034 2.071 2.420 2.669
2035 2.071 2.420 2.669
2036 2.071 2.420 2.669
2037 2.071 2.420 2.669
2038 2.071 2.420 2.669
2039 2.071 2.420 2.669
2040 2.071 2.420 2.669
2041 2.071 2.420 2.669
2042 2.071 2.420 2.669
2043 2.071 2.420 2.669
2044 2.071 2.420 2.669
2045 2.071 2.420 2.669
2046 2.071 2.420 2.669
2047 2.071 2.420 2.669
2048 2.071 2.420 2.669
2049 2.071 2.420 2.669
2050 2.071 2.420 2.669
2051 2.071 2.420 2.669
2052 2.071 2.420 2.669
2053 2.071 2.420 2.669
2054 2.071 2.420 2.669
2055 2.071 2.420 2.669
2056 2.071 2.420 2.669
2057 2.071 2.420 2.669
2058 2.071 2.420 2.669
2059 2.071 2.420 2.669
2060 2.071 2.420 2.669
2061 2.071 2.420 2.669
2062 2.071 2.420 2.669
2063 2.071 2.420 2.669
2064 2.071 2.420 2.669
2065 2.071 2.420 2.669
2066 2.071 2.420 2.669
2067 2.071 2.420 2.669
2068 2.071 2.420 2.669
2069 2.071 2.420 2.669
2070 2.071 2.420 2.669
2071 2.071 2.420 2.669
2072 2.071 2.420 2.669
2073 2.071 2.420 2.669
2074 2.071 2.420 2.669
2075 2.071 2.420 2.669
2076 2.071 2.420 2.669
2077 2.071 2.420 2.669
2078 2.071 2.420 2.669
2079 2.071 2.420 2.669
2080 2.071 2.420 2.669
2081 2.071 2.420 2.669
2082 2.071 2.420 2.669
2083 2.071 2.420 2.669
2084 2.071 2.420 2.669
2085 2.071 2.420 2.669
2086 2.071 2.420 2.669
2087 2.071 2.420 2.669
2088 2.071 2.420 2.669
2089 2.071 2.420 2.669
2090 2.071 2.420 2.669
2091 2.071 2.420 2.669
2092 2.071 2.420 2.669
2093 2.071 2.420 2.669
2094 2.071 2.420 2.669
2095 2.071 2.420 2.669
2096 2.071 2.420 2.669
2097 2.071 2.420 2.669
2098 2.071 2.420 2.669
2099 2.071 2.420 2.669
2100 2.071 2.420 2.669
Note: GHGs include CO2, CH4 and N2O.
Source: Department for Transport
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/transport-analysis-guidance-webtag
Table 3: Carbon values and
sensitivities 2020-2100 for
appraisal, 2020£/tCO2e
Carbon Values
Low Central High
2020 120 241 361
2021 122 245 367
2022 124 248 373
2023 126 252 378
2024 128 256 384
2025 130 260 390
2026 132 264 396
2027 134 268 402
2028 136 272 408
2029 138 276 414
2030 140 280 420
2031 142 285 427
2032 144 289 433
2033 147 293 440
2034 149 298 447
2035 151 302 453
2036 153 307 460
2037 156 312 467
2038 158 316 474
2039 161 321 482
2040 163 326 489
2041 165 331 496
2042 168 336 504
2043 170 341 511
2044 173 346 519
2045 176 351 527
2046 178 356 535
2047 181 362 543
2048 184 367 551
2049 186 373 559
2050 189 378 568
Source: BEIS modelling, based on IPCC
Further guidance on the use of carbon values is available from

the appraisal guidance (Chapter 3) which can be downloaded
from the Green Book supplementary guidance section of
GOV.UK webpage:
For further details on carbon valuation, see:

https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/carbon-valuation--2
Tables 4-8: Retail fuel prices
We strongly advise the use of the full range of high and low prices in any analysis where the level of price has a mater
Table 4 - Retail Electricity Prices (real 2020 p/kWh)

Low Central
Commercial/ Commercial/
Year Domestic Public sector Industrial Domestic Public sector Industrial
2010 15.5 9.6 8.5 15.5 9.6 8.5
2011 16.4 9.8 8.8 16.4 9.8 8.8
2012 17.1 10.5 9.6 17.1 10.5 9.6
2013 17.9 11.1 10.5 17.9 11.1 10.5
2014 18.0 11.4 10.7 18.0 11.4 10.7
2015 17.6 11.8 10.8 17.6 11.8 10.8
2016 17.3 11.4 10.5 17.3 11.4 10.5
2017 18.0 11.7 10.9 18.0 11.7 10.9
2018 19.1 12.6 10.9 19.1 12.6 10.9
2019 19.9 13.4 11.7 19.9 13.4 11.7
2020 18.0 12.4 10.9 19.2 14.5 12.4
2021 19.8 12.8 11.3 21.1 15.0 12.9
2022 20.1 12.9 11.4 21.5 15.2 13.0
2023 20.1 12.6 11.1 21.4 14.8 12.7
2024 19.8 12.6 11.1 21.1 14.9 12.7
2025 20.0 12.7 11.2 21.3 15.0 12.8
2026 20.2 12.8 11.3 21.5 15.0 12.9
2027 19.8 12.7 11.2 21.1 14.9 12.8
2028 19.7 12.4 10.9 21.0 14.5 12.5
2029 19.6 12.3 10.8 20.9 14.4 12.3
2030 20.0 12.4 10.9 21.3 14.6 12.4
2031 19.9 12.5 10.7 21.2 14.7 12.2
2032 19.5 12.3 10.6 20.7 14.5 12.0
2033 19.0 12.0 10.4 20.2 14.1 11.8
2034 18.7 11.8 10.2 19.9 13.8 11.6
2035 18.4 11.7 10.1 19.6 13.7 11.5
2036 18.3 11.6 10.1 19.5 13.6 11.6
2037 18.2 11.4 10.2 19.4 13.4 11.6
2038 18.1 11.5 10.3 19.3 13.5 11.7
2039 18.4 11.5 10.3 19.6 13.5 11.7
2040 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2041 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2042 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2043 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2044 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2045 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2046 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2047 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2048 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2049 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2050 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2051 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2052 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2053 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2054 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2055 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2056 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2057 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2058 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2059 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2060 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2061 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2062 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2063 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2064 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2065 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2066 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2067 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2068 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2069 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2070 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2071 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2072 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2073 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2074 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2075 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2076 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2077 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2078 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2079 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2080 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2081 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2082 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2083 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2084 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2085 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2086 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2087 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2088 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2089 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2090 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2091 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2092 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2093 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2094 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2095 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2096 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2097 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2098 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2099 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
2100 18.1 11.3 10.2 19.3 13.3 11.6
Note: Non-domestic prices are inclusive of Climate Change Levy
Further guidance on the use of retail prices is available from the appraisal guidance (Chapter 3). Details on the comp
e level of price has a material impact on your outcomes given the significant uncertainties across all components of prices, as observed
eal 2020 p/kWh) Table 5 - Retail Ga

High Low
Domestic Public sector Industrial Domestic Public sector Industrial
15.5 9.6 8.5 4.67 2.49 2.25
16.4 9.8 8.8 5.01 2.81 2.63
17.1 10.5 9.6 5.48 3.28 2.94
17.9 11.1 10.5 5.71 3.60 3.14
18.0 11.4 10.7 5.79 3.43 2.81
17.6 11.8 10.8 5.46 3.03 2.41
17.3 11.4 10.5 4.87 2.56 1.95
18.0 11.7 10.9 4.63 2.39 1.81
19.1 12.6 10.9 4.65 2.65 2.05
19.9 13.4 11.7 4.68 2.72 2.06
20.5 16.1 14.2 4.00 2.27 1.60
22.5 16.7 14.7 3.77 2.31 1.65
22.9 16.9 14.9 3.89 2.40 1.70
22.8 16.5 14.5 3.89 2.54 1.79
22.5 16.5 14.5 3.94 2.68 1.88
22.7 16.6 14.7 3.97 2.82 1.98
22.9 16.7 14.7 4.00 2.87 2.02
22.5 16.5 14.6 4.03 2.88 2.03
22.4 16.1 14.3 4.00 2.93 2.07
22.2 16.0 14.1 4.01 2.98 2.11
22.7 16.2 14.3 4.04 3.02 2.16
22.6 16.3 13.9 4.06 3.07 2.20
22.1 16.1 13.8 4.08 3.07 2.20
21.5 15.7 13.6 4.06 3.12 2.24
21.2 15.4 13.3 4.08 3.17 2.29
20.9 15.2 13.2 4.11 3.17 2.29
20.8 15.1 13.2 4.11 3.17 2.29
20.7 14.9 13.3 4.10 3.17 2.29
20.5 15.0 13.4 4.10 3.17 2.29
20.8 14.9 13.4 4.10 3.17 2.29
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
20.5 14.8 13.3 4.09 3.17 2.28
er 3). Details on the components of the retail price can be found in the background documentation (Chapter 5). These documents can
emissions-for-appraisal
onents of prices, as observed from historic volatility, and in the transition to Net Zero.
Table 5 - Retail Gas Prices (real 2020 p/kWh)

Central High
4.67 2.49 2.25 4.67 2.49 2.25
5.01 2.81 2.63 5.01 2.81 2.63
5.48 3.28 2.94 5.48 3.28 2.94
5.71 3.60 3.14 5.71 3.60 3.14
5.79 3.43 2.81 5.79 3.43 2.81
5.46 3.03 2.41 5.46 3.03 2.41
4.87 2.56 1.95 4.87 2.56 1.95
4.63 2.39 1.81 4.63 2.39 1.81
4.65 2.65 2.05 4.65 2.65 2.05
4.68 2.72 2.06 4.68 2.72 2.06
4.00 2.88 2.21 4.00 3.95 3.28
4.35 2.96 2.31 5.35 3.98 3.33
4.51 3.10 2.39 5.48 4.12 3.41
4.55 3.23 2.48 5.52 4.26 3.50
4.59 3.38 2.58 5.56 4.40 3.60
4.63 3.52 2.67 5.60 4.54 3.69
4.66 3.57 2.72 5.62 4.59 3.74
4.69 3.66 2.80 5.66 4.64 3.78
4.73 3.71 2.85 5.66 4.69 3.83
4.75 3.75 2.89 5.68 4.74 3.87
4.77 3.80 2.93 5.70 4.78 3.91
4.79 3.85 2.98 5.72 4.83 3.96
4.82 3.89 3.02 5.74 4.87 4.00
4.83 3.94 3.06 5.76 4.92 4.04
4.86 3.98 3.10 5.79 4.96 4.09
4.89 4.03 3.15 5.81 5.01 4.13
4.92 4.03 3.15 5.85 5.01 4.13
4.92 4.03 3.15 5.84 5.01 4.13
4.91 4.03 3.14 5.84 5.01 4.13
4.91 4.03 3.14 5.84 5.01 4.13
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
4.90 4.03 3.14 5.83 5.01 4.12
er 5). These documents can be downloaded from the Green Gook supplementary guidance section of GOV.UK webpage:
Table 6 - Retail Coal Prices (real 2020 p/kWh)
Low Central High
Domestic Public sector Industrial Domestic Public sector Industrial Domestic
6.50 1.52 1.16 6.50 1.52 1.16 6.50
6.68 1.65 1.26 6.68 1.65 1.26 6.68
6.80 1.58 1.21 6.80 1.58 1.21 6.80
6.77 1.64 1.25 6.77 1.64 1.25 6.77
6.84 1.61 1.23 6.84 1.61 1.23 6.84
6.81 1.41 1.08 6.81 1.41 1.08 6.81
6.66 1.29 0.99 6.66 1.29 0.99 6.66
6.68 1.43 1.09 6.68 1.43 1.09 6.68
6.65 1.72 1.32 6.65 1.72 1.32 6.65
7.06 1.84 1.43 7.06 1.84 1.43 7.06
6.55 1.54 1.08 6.60 1.58 1.11 6.69
6.35 1.45 0.94 6.64 1.67 1.16 6.94
6.35 1.54 0.97 6.64 1.76 1.19 6.95
6.36 1.64 1.01 6.65 1.85 1.23 6.96
6.37 1.74 1.05 6.65 1.95 1.26 6.97
6.38 1.84 1.09 6.65 2.05 1.30 6.98
6.39 1.86 1.10 6.66 2.06 1.31 7.00
6.40 1.87 1.11 6.66 2.07 1.31 7.01
6.41 1.88 1.12 6.67 2.08 1.32 7.03
6.42 1.89 1.13 6.67 2.09 1.32 7.04
6.42 1.91 1.14 6.68 2.10 1.33 7.05
6.43 1.92 1.15 6.68 2.11 1.33 7.07
6.44 1.93 1.15 6.68 2.12 1.34 7.08
6.45 1.94 1.16 6.69 2.13 1.34 7.09
6.46 1.96 1.17 6.69 2.14 1.35 7.10
6.46 1.97 1.18 6.70 2.14 1.36 7.11
6.47 1.98 1.19 6.70 2.15 1.36 7.13
6.47 1.99 1.19 6.70 2.16 1.36 7.13
6.47 1.99 1.19 6.70 2.17 1.36 7.13
6.47 2.00 1.19 6.70 2.17 1.37 7.13
6.47 2.01 1.20 6.70 2.18 1.37 7.13
6.47 2.01 1.20 6.70 2.19 1.37 7.13
6.47 2.02 1.20 6.70 2.19 1.37 7.13
6.47 2.03 1.20 6.70 2.20 1.38 7.13
6.47 2.03 1.21 6.70 2.21 1.38 7.13
6.47 2.04 1.21 6.70 2.21 1.38 7.13
6.47 2.05 1.21 6.70 2.22 1.38 7.13
6.47 2.05 1.21 6.70 2.23 1.39 7.13
6.47 2.06 1.22 6.70 2.23 1.39 7.13
6.47 2.07 1.22 6.70 2.24 1.39 7.13
6.47 2.07 1.22 6.70 2.25 1.39 7.13
6.47 2.08 1.22 6.70 2.25 1.40 7.13
6.47 2.09 1.22 6.70 2.26 1.40 7.13
6.47 2.09 1.23 6.70 2.27 1.40 7.13
6.47 2.10 1.23 6.70 2.27 1.40 7.13
6.47 2.11 1.23 6.70 2.28 1.41 7.13
6.47 2.12 1.23 6.70 2.29 1.41 7.13
6.47 2.12 1.24 6.70 2.30 1.41 7.13
6.47 2.13 1.24 6.70 2.30 1.41 7.13
6.47 2.14 1.24 6.70 2.31 1.42 7.13
6.47 2.15 1.25 6.70 2.32 1.42 7.13
6.47 2.15 1.25 6.70 2.33 1.42 7.13
6.47 2.16 1.25 6.70 2.33 1.42 7.13
6.47 2.17 1.25 6.70 2.34 1.43 7.13
6.47 2.18 1.26 6.70 2.35 1.43 7.13
6.47 2.18 1.26 6.70 2.36 1.43 7.13
6.47 2.19 1.26 6.70 2.36 1.43 7.13
6.47 2.20 1.26 6.70 2.37 1.44 7.13
6.47 2.21 1.27 6.70 2.38 1.44 7.13
6.47 2.23 1.28 6.70 2.41 1.45 7.13
6.47 2.24 1.28 6.70 2.42 1.45 7.13
6.47 2.25 1.28 6.70 2.42 1.45 7.13
6.47 2.26 1.28 6.70 2.43 1.46 7.13
6.47 2.27 1.29 6.70 2.44 1.46 7.13
6.47 2.27 1.29 6.70 2.45 1.46 7.13
6.47 2.28 1.29 6.70 2.46 1.47 7.13
6.47 2.29 1.30 6.70 2.46 1.47 7.13
6.47 2.30 1.30 6.70 2.47 1.47 7.13
6.47 2.31 1.30 6.70 2.48 1.48 7.13
6.47 2.32 1.31 6.70 2.49 1.48 7.13
6.47 2.33 1.31 6.70 2.50 1.48 7.13
6.47 2.33 1.31 6.70 2.51 1.48 7.13
6.47 2.34 1.31 6.70 2.52 1.49 7.13
6.47 2.35 1.32 6.70 2.52 1.49 7.13
6.47 2.36 1.32 6.70 2.53 1.49 7.13
6.47 2.37 1.32 6.70 2.54 1.50 7.13
6.47 2.38 1.33 6.70 2.55 1.50 7.13
6.47 2.39 1.33 6.70 2.56 1.50 7.13
6.47 2.40 1.33 6.70 2.57 1.51 7.13
6.47 2.41 1.34 6.70 2.58 1.51 7.13
6.47 2.42 1.34 6.70 2.59 1.51 7.13
6.47 2.42 1.34 6.70 2.60 1.52 7.13
6.47 2.43 1.35 6.70 2.61 1.52 7.13
6.47 2.44 1.35 6.70 2.62 1.52 7.13
6.47 2.45 1.35 6.70 2.63 1.53 7.13
6.47 2.46 1.36 6.70 2.64 1.53 7.13
6.47 2.47 1.36 6.70 2.65 1.53 7.13
6.47 2.48 1.36 6.70 2.65 1.54 7.13
6.47 2.49 1.37 6.70 2.66 1.54 7.13
6.47 2.50 1.37 6.70 2.67 1.54 7.13
6.47 2.51 1.37 6.70 2.68 1.55 7.13
OV.UK webpage:
Table 7 - Retail Oil Prices (real 2
High Low Central
Public sector Industrial Domestic Public sector Industrial Domestic
1.52 1.16 56.5 65.8 62.9 56.5
1.65 1.26 70.8 79.8 76.8 70.8
1.58 1.21 71.0 82.3 78.4 71.0
1.64 1.25 67.2 80.3 75.3 67.2
1.61 1.23 57.9 73.5 67.2 57.9
1.41 1.08 39.1 53.8 49.6 39.1
1.29 0.99 34.3 47.2 45.6 34.3
1.43 1.09 43.2 54.9 52.8 43.2
1.72 1.32 52.0 62.2 59.9 52.0
1.84 1.43 45.2 55.5 52.2 46.4
1.65 1.18 31.2 41.3 38.0 42.3
1.90 1.39 31.5 41.7 38.4 43.6
1.99 1.43 31.8 42.1 38.8 44.4
2.09 1.47 32.1 42.6 39.3 45.1
2.20 1.51 33.1 43.6 40.3 45.9
2.30 1.55 33.4 44.1 40.8 46.8
2.32 1.57 33.8 44.6 41.3 48.1
2.34 1.58 34.1 45.0 41.7 48.9
2.35 1.59 34.5 45.5 42.2 49.7
2.37 1.60 34.8 46.0 42.7 50.5
2.39 1.62 35.7 47.0 43.7 51.2
2.40 1.63 36.1 47.4 44.1 52.5
2.42 1.64 36.4 47.9 44.5 53.3
2.43 1.65 36.7 48.3 45.0 54.0
2.45 1.66 37.0 48.7 45.4 54.7
2.46 1.67 37.3 49.2 45.9 55.4
2.48 1.69 37.3 49.3 46.0 55.4
2.49 1.69 37.3 49.4 46.1 55.4
2.49 1.69 37.3 49.5 46.2 55.4
2.50 1.69 37.3 49.6 46.3 55.4
2.50 1.69 37.3 49.7 46.4 55.4
2.51 1.70 37.3 49.9 46.5 55.4
2.52 1.70 37.3 49.9 46.6 55.4
2.52 1.70 37.3 50.0 46.7 55.4
2.53 1.70 37.3 50.1 46.8 55.4
2.54 1.71 37.3 50.2 46.9 55.4
2.54 1.71 37.3 50.3 47.0 55.4
2.55 1.71 37.3 50.4 47.1 55.4
2.56 1.71 37.3 50.5 47.2 55.4
2.57 1.72 37.3 50.6 47.3 55.4
2.57 1.72 37.3 50.7 47.4 55.4
2.58 1.72 37.3 50.8 47.5 55.4
2.59 1.72 37.3 51.0 47.6 55.4
2.59 1.73 37.3 51.1 47.7 55.4
2.60 1.73 37.3 51.2 47.8 55.4
2.61 1.73 37.3 51.3 47.9 55.4
2.61 1.73 37.3 51.4 48.1 55.4
2.62 1.74 37.3 51.5 48.2 55.4
2.63 1.74 37.3 51.6 48.3 55.4
2.64 1.74 37.3 51.7 48.4 55.4
2.64 1.74 37.3 51.8 48.5 55.4
2.65 1.75 37.3 51.9 48.6 55.4
2.66 1.75 37.3 52.0 48.7 55.4
2.67 1.75 37.3 52.1 48.8 55.4
2.67 1.75 37.3 52.3 48.9 55.4
2.68 1.76 37.3 52.4 49.0 55.4
2.69 1.76 37.3 52.5 49.2 55.4
2.70 1.76 37.3 52.6 49.3 55.4
2.70 1.76 37.3 52.7 49.4 55.4
2.73 1.77 37.3 53.1 49.8 55.4
2.74 1.78 37.3 53.2 49.9 55.4
2.75 1.78 37.3 53.4 50.0 55.4
2.76 1.78 37.3 53.5 50.2 55.4
2.77 1.79 37.3 53.6 50.3 55.4
2.77 1.79 37.3 53.7 50.4 55.4
2.78 1.79 37.3 53.8 50.5 55.4
2.79 1.79 37.3 54.0 50.7 55.4
2.80 1.80 37.3 54.1 50.8 55.4
2.81 1.80 37.3 54.2 50.9 55.4
2.82 1.80 37.3 54.3 51.0 55.4
2.82 1.81 37.3 54.5 51.2 55.4
2.83 1.81 37.3 54.6 51.3 55.4
2.84 1.81 37.3 54.7 51.4 55.4
2.85 1.82 37.3 54.9 51.5 55.4
2.86 1.82 37.3 55.0 51.7 55.4
2.87 1.82 37.3 55.1 51.8 55.4
2.88 1.83 37.3 55.3 51.9 55.4
2.89 1.83 37.3 55.4 52.1 55.4
2.90 1.83 37.3 55.5 52.2 55.4
2.90 1.83 37.3 55.7 52.3 55.4
2.91 1.84 37.3 55.8 52.5 55.4
2.92 1.84 37.3 55.9 52.6 55.4
2.93 1.84 37.3 56.1 52.8 55.4
2.94 1.85 37.3 56.2 52.9 55.4
2.95 1.85 37.3 56.4 53.0 55.4
2.96 1.85 37.3 56.5 53.2 55.4
2.97 1.86 37.3 56.6 53.3 55.4
2.98 1.86 37.3 56.8 53.5 55.4
2.99 1.86 37.3 56.9 53.6 55.4
3.00 1.87 37.3 57.1 53.7 55.4
3.01 1.87 37.3 57.2 53.9 55.4
le 7 - Retail Oil Prices (real 2020 p/litre) Table 8 - Reta
Central High Low
Petrol
Commercial/ Commercial/ (weighted
Public sector Industrial Domestic Public sector Industrial average)
65.8 62.9 56.5 65.8 62.9 145.7
79.8 76.8 70.8 79.8 76.8 162.6
82.3 78.4 71.0 82.3 78.4 162.5
80.3 75.3 67.2 80.3 75.3 158.1
73.5 67.2 57.9 73.5 67.2 147.7
53.8 49.6 39.1 53.8 49.6 128.0
47.2 45.6 34.3 47.2 45.6 122.8
54.9 52.8 43.2 54.9 52.8 130.2
62.2 59.9 52.0 62.2 59.9 135.7
56.7 53.4 48.2 58.5 55.2 126.7
52.5 49.2 63.9 74.4 71.1 112.1
54.0 50.6 64.9 75.6 72.3 113.1
54.9 51.5 65.5 76.3 72.9 114.1
55.7 52.4 66.6 77.5 74.2 115.3
56.7 53.4 67.2 78.3 75.0 116.9
57.6 54.3 67.9 79.0 75.7 117.8
59.1 55.8 69.1 80.4 77.0 118.9
60.0 56.7 69.7 81.1 77.8 119.9
60.9 57.6 70.9 82.4 79.1 120.9
61.8 58.5 71.5 83.1 79.8 122.0
62.7 59.4 72.1 83.9 80.5 123.6
64.1 60.8 73.2 85.1 81.8 124.7
65.0 61.6 73.8 85.8 82.5 125.7
65.8 62.5 74.9 87.0 83.7 126.8
66.7 63.3 75.5 87.7 84.4 127.8
67.5 64.2 76.0 88.4 85.1 128.8
67.6 64.3 76.0 88.5 85.2 129.6
67.7 64.4 76.0 88.6 85.3 130.3
67.8 64.5 76.0 88.7 85.4 131.0
67.9 64.6 76.0 88.9 85.5 131.7
68.0 64.7 76.0 89.0 85.6 132.4
68.2 64.8 76.0 89.1 85.7 133.0
68.2 64.9 76.0 89.2 85.8 133.6
68.3 65.0 76.0 89.3 85.9 134.3
68.4 65.1 76.0 89.4 86.0 134.9
68.5 65.2 76.0 89.5 86.1 135.5
68.6 65.3 76.0 89.6 86.2 136.1
68.7 65.4 76.0 89.7 86.3 136.7
68.8 65.5 76.0 89.8 86.4 137.4
68.9 65.6 76.0 89.9 86.5 138.0
69.0 65.7 76.0 90.0 86.6 138.6
69.1 65.8 76.0 90.1 86.7 139.3
69.3 65.9 76.0 90.2 86.8 139.9
69.4 66.0 76.0 90.3 87.0 140.6
69.5 66.1 76.0 90.4 87.1 141.2
69.6 66.2 76.0 90.5 87.2 141.9
69.7 66.4 76.0 90.6 87.3 142.5
69.8 66.5 76.0 90.7 87.4 143.2
69.9 66.6 76.0 90.8 87.5 143.9
70.0 66.7 76.0 90.9 87.6 144.6
70.1 66.8 76.0 91.0 87.7 145.3
70.2 66.9 76.0 91.1 87.8 145.9
70.3 67.0 76.0 91.2 87.9 146.6
70.4 67.1 76.0 91.4 88.0 147.3
70.6 67.2 76.0 91.5 88.1 148.0
70.7 67.3 76.0 91.6 88.3 148.7
70.8 67.5 76.0 91.7 88.4 149.4
70.9 67.6 76.0 91.8 88.5 150.2
71.0 67.7 76.0 91.9 88.6 150.9
71.4 68.1 76.0 92.3 89.0 153.4
71.5 68.2 76.0 92.5 89.1 154.2
71.7 68.3 76.0 92.6 89.3 154.9
71.8 68.5 76.0 92.7 89.4 155.7
71.9 68.6 76.0 92.8 89.5 156.4
72.0 68.7 76.0 92.9 89.6 157.2
72.1 68.8 76.0 93.1 89.7 158.0
72.3 69.0 76.0 93.2 89.9 158.8
72.4 69.1 76.0 93.3 90.0 159.5
72.5 69.2 76.0 93.4 90.1 160.3
72.6 69.3 76.0 93.6 90.2 161.1
72.8 69.5 76.0 93.7 90.4 161.9
72.9 69.6 76.0 93.8 90.5 162.7
73.0 69.7 76.0 93.9 90.6 163.5
73.2 69.8 76.0 94.1 90.8 164.3
73.3 70.0 76.0 94.2 90.9 165.1
73.4 70.1 76.0 94.3 91.0 166.0
73.6 70.2 76.0 94.5 91.2 166.8
73.7 70.4 76.0 94.6 91.3 167.6
73.8 70.5 76.0 94.7 91.4 168.5
74.0 70.6 76.0 94.9 91.6 169.3
74.1 70.8 76.0 95.0 91.7 170.2
74.2 70.9 76.0 95.2 91.8 171.0
74.4 71.1 76.0 95.3 92.0 171.9
74.5 71.2 76.0 95.4 92.1 172.8
74.7 71.3 76.0 95.6 92.3 173.6
74.8 71.5 76.0 95.7 92.4 174.5
74.9 71.6 76.0 95.9 92.5 175.4
75.1 71.8 76.0 96.0 92.7 176.3
75.2 71.9 76.0 96.1 92.8 177.2
75.4 72.1 76.0 96.3 93.0 178.1
75.5 72.2 76.0 96.4 93.1 179.0
Notes:
Petrol comprises a weighted av
Table 8 - Retail Road Fuel Prices (real 2020 p/litre)
Low Central High
Petrol Petrol
(weighted (weighted
DERV average) DERV average) DERV
148.3 145.7 148.3 145.7 148.3
168.9 162.6 168.9 162.6 168.9
169.9 162.5 169.9 162.5 169.9
165.1 158.1 165.1 158.1 165.1
154.2 147.7 154.2 147.7 154.2
131.9 128.0 131.9 128.0 131.9
123.8 122.8 123.8 122.8 123.8
132.5 130.2 132.5 130.2 132.5
140.3 135.7 140.3 135.7 140.3
130.2 127.9 131.6 129.7 133.7
113.4 123.7 126.7 146.1 152.5
114.5 125.7 128.9 147.9 154.4
115.6 127.2 130.6 149.2 155.8
116.7 128.8 132.2 151.1 157.9
118.5 130.3 133.9 152.4 159.3
119.5 131.7 135.4 153.7 160.7
120.6 133.8 137.7 155.6 162.7
121.7 135.3 139.3 156.9 164.2
122.8 136.8 141.0 158.8 166.3
123.9 138.3 142.6 160.1 167.7
125.6 139.7 144.2 161.5 169.1
126.7 141.8 146.4 163.3 171.1
127.8 143.3 148.0 164.6 172.5
128.9 144.7 149.6 166.5 174.6
130.0 146.2 151.1 167.8 175.9
131.1 147.6 152.7 169.1 177.3
131.8 148.3 153.4 169.8 178.0
132.6 149.0 154.1 170.5 178.7
133.3 149.8 154.8 171.2 179.5
134.0 150.5 155.6 172.0 180.2
134.7 151.2 156.2 172.6 180.9
135.3 151.8 156.9 173.3 181.5
135.9 152.4 157.5 173.9 182.1
136.5 153.0 158.1 174.5 182.7
137.2 153.6 158.7 175.1 183.3
137.8 154.3 159.3 175.7 184.0
138.4 154.9 159.9 176.3 184.6
139.0 155.5 160.6 177.0 185.2
139.6 156.1 161.2 177.6 185.8
140.3 156.8 161.8 178.2 186.5
140.9 157.4 162.5 178.9 187.1
141.6 158.0 163.1 179.5 187.8
142.2 158.7 163.8 180.2 188.4
142.9 159.3 164.4 180.8 189.0
143.5 160.0 165.1 181.5 189.7
144.2 160.7 165.7 182.1 190.4
144.8 161.3 166.4 182.8 191.0
145.5 162.0 167.1 183.5 191.7
146.2 162.7 167.7 184.1 192.4
146.9 163.3 168.4 184.8 193.0
147.5 164.0 169.1 185.5 193.7
148.2 164.7 169.8 186.2 194.4
148.9 165.4 170.5 186.9 195.1
149.6 166.1 171.2 187.6 195.8
150.3 166.8 171.9 188.3 196.5
151.0 167.5 172.6 189.0 197.2
151.7 168.2 173.3 189.7 197.9
152.4 168.9 174.0 190.4 198.6
153.2 169.7 174.7 191.1 199.4
155.7 172.2 177.3 193.7 201.9
156.5 173.0 178.0 194.4 202.7
157.2 173.7 178.8 195.2 203.4
158.0 174.5 179.5 195.9 204.2
158.7 175.2 180.3 196.7 204.9
159.5 176.0 181.1 197.4 205.7
160.3 176.8 181.8 198.2 206.5
161.0 177.5 182.6 199.0 207.2
161.8 178.3 183.4 199.8 208.0
162.6 179.1 184.2 200.6 208.8
163.4 179.9 184.9 201.3 209.6
164.2 180.7 185.7 202.1 210.4
165.0 181.5 186.5 202.9 211.2
165.8 182.3 187.4 203.7 212.0
166.6 183.1 188.2 204.6 212.8
167.4 183.9 189.0 205.4 213.6
168.3 184.7 189.8 206.2 214.4
169.1 185.6 190.6 207.0 215.3
169.9 186.4 191.5 207.9 216.1
170.8 187.2 192.3 208.7 216.9
171.6 188.1 193.2 209.6 217.8
172.5 188.9 194.0 210.4 218.6
173.3 189.8 194.9 211.3 219.5
174.2 190.7 195.7 212.1 220.4
175.0 191.5 196.6 213.0 221.2
175.9 192.4 197.5 213.9 222.1
176.8 193.3 198.4 214.8 223.0
177.7 194.2 199.2 215.6 223.9
178.6 195.1 200.1 216.5 224.8
179.5 196.0 201.0 217.4 225.7
180.4 196.9 201.9 218.3 226.6
181.3 197.8 202.9 219.3 227.5
etrol comprises a weighted average of Super and Premium unleaded

Tables 9-13: Long-run variable costs of energy supply (LRVCs)
We strongly advise the use of the full range of high and low costs in any analysis where the level of price has a ma
Table 9 - Electricity LRVC (real 2020 p/kWh)

Low Central
Commercial/
Year Domestic Public sector Industrial Domestic Commercial
2010 8.0 5.4 5.2 8.0 5.4
2011 8.8 6.3 6.1 8.8 6.3
2012 8.4 6.7 6.4 8.4 6.7
2013 9.2 7.5 7.2 9.2 7.5
2014 7.2 6.3 6.0 7.2 6.3
2015 7.6 5.7 5.5 7.6 5.7
2016 8.2 6.3 5.9 8.2 6.3
2017 8.7 7.3 6.9 8.7 7.3
2018 9.8 8.6 8.1 9.8 8.6
2019 8.5 7.3 6.8 8.5 7.3
2020 9.2 6.8 6.8 10.4 8.9
2021 9.5 7.1 7.2 10.8 9.4
2022 9.6 7.2 7.2 10.9 9.4
2023 9.6 7.2 7.2 11.0 9.4
2024 9.6 7.1 7.1 10.9 9.3
2025 9.8 7.3 7.3 11.1 9.5
2026 10.3 7.6 7.6 11.6 9.9
2027 10.3 7.6 7.6 11.6 9.8
2028 10.2 7.5 7.4 11.5 9.6
2029 10.2 7.4 7.3 11.5 9.5
2030 10.6 7.6 7.4 11.9 9.8
2031 10.9 7.8 7.6 12.2 10.0
2032 10.9 7.7 7.5 12.1 9.9
2033 10.8 7.6 7.5 12.0 9.7
2034 10.6 7.5 7.4 11.8 9.5
2035 10.6 7.4 7.3 11.8 9.4
2036 10.7 7.6 7.5 11.9 9.6
2037 10.9 7.7 7.7 12.1 9.7
2038 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2039 11.2 7.9 7.8 12.4 9.9
2040 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2041 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2042 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2043 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2044 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2045 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2046 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2047 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2048 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2049 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2050 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2051 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2052 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2053 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2054 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2055 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2056 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2057 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2058 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2059 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2060 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2061 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2062 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2063 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2064 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2065 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2066 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2067 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2068 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2069 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2070 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2071 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2072 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2073 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2074 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2075 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2076 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2077 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2078 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2079 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2080 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2081 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2082 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2083 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2084 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2085 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2086 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2087 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2088 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2089 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2090 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2091 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2092 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2093 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2094 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2095 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2096 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2097 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2098 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2099 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
2100 11.1 7.9 7.8 12.3 9.9
Note: Non-domestic prices are inclusive of Climate Change Levy
Further guidance on the use of LRVCs are available from the appraisal guidance (Chapter 3) and the background
ysis where the level of price has a material impact on your outcomes given the significant uncertainties across all components of prices,
y LRVC (real 2020 p/kWh) T

Central High Low
Industrial Domestic Commercial Industrial Domestic Commercial

5.2 8.0 5.4 5.2 1.97 1.89
6.1 8.8 6.3 6.1 2.52 2.44
6.4 8.4 6.7 6.4 2.64 2.55
7.2 9.2 7.5 7.2 2.93 2.84
6.0 7.2 6.3 6.0 2.17 2.08
5.5 7.6 5.7 5.5 1.87 1.78
5.9 8.2 6.3 5.9 1.52 1.43
6.9 8.7 7.3 6.9 1.88 1.79
8.1 9.8 8.6 8.1 2.40 2.32
6.8 8.5 7.3 6.8 1.43 1.35
8.3 11.6 10.5 10.1 1.34 1.25
8.7 12.2 11.0 10.6 1.34 1.27
8.8 12.4 11.1 10.7 1.34 1.27
8.7 12.4 11.0 10.6 1.38 1.31
8.6 12.3 10.9 10.5 1.41 1.35
8.8 12.6 11.2 10.7 1.45 1.38
9.1 13.0 11.5 11.0 1.49 1.42
9.1 13.0 11.5 11.0 1.49 1.42
8.9 12.9 11.2 10.7 1.53 1.46
8.8 12.8 11.1 10.6 1.56 1.49
8.9 13.3 11.4 10.8 1.60 1.53
9.1 13.6 11.6 10.9 1.64 1.57
9.0 13.5 11.5 10.8 1.64 1.57
8.9 13.4 11.3 10.7 1.67 1.60
8.8 13.1 11.0 10.5 1.71 1.64
8.7 13.1 10.9 10.4 1.71 1.64
9.0 13.2 11.1 10.6 1.71 1.64
9.1 13.4 11.2 10.8 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.5 11.4 11.0 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
9.2 13.6 11.4 10.9 1.71 1.64
nce (Chapter 3) and the background documentation (Chapter 5) which can be downloaded from the Green Gook supplementary guidan
enhouse-gas-emissions-for-appraisal
ross all components of prices, as observed from historic volatility, and in the transition to Net Zero.
Table 10 - Gas LRVC (real 2020 p/kWh)

Low Central High
Industrial Domestic Commercial Industrial Domestic Commercial Industrial

1.85 1.97 1.89 1.85 1.97 1.89 1.85
2.40 2.52 2.44 2.40 2.52 2.44 2.40
2.50 2.64 2.55 2.50 2.64 2.55 2.50
2.78 2.93 2.84 2.78 2.93 2.84 2.78
2.02 2.17 2.08 2.02 2.17 2.08 2.02
1.72 1.87 1.78 1.72 1.87 1.78 1.72
1.37 1.52 1.43 1.37 1.52 1.43 1.37
1.74 1.88 1.79 1.74 1.88 1.79 1.74
2.27 2.40 2.32 2.27 2.40 2.32 2.27
1.30 1.43 1.35 1.30 1.43 1.35 1.30
1.20 1.88 1.80 1.75 2.83 2.74 2.69
1.22 1.92 1.85 1.81 2.83 2.76 2.71
1.22 1.96 1.89 1.84 2.87 2.80 2.75
1.26 1.99 1.93 1.88 2.90 2.83 2.79
1.30 2.03 1.96 1.92 2.94 2.87 2.82
1.33 2.07 2.00 1.95 2.98 2.91 2.86
1.37 2.11 2.04 1.99 3.01 2.94 2.90
1.37 2.18 2.11 2.06 3.05 2.98 2.93
1.41 2.22 2.15 2.10 3.09 3.02 2.97
1.45 2.25 2.18 2.14 3.13 3.06 3.01
1.48 2.29 2.22 2.17 3.16 3.09 3.04
1.52 2.33 2.26 2.21 3.20 3.13 3.08
1.52 2.36 2.29 2.24 3.23 3.16 3.12
1.55 2.40 2.33 2.28 3.27 3.20 3.15
1.59 2.44 2.37 2.32 3.31 3.24 3.19
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
1.59 2.47 2.40 2.35 3.34 3.27 3.22
n Gook supplementary guidance section of GOV.UK webpage:

Table 11 - Coal LRVC (real 2020 p/kWh)
Low Central
Domestic Commercial Industrial Domestic Commercial Industrial

5.90 1.01 0.89 5.90 1.01 0.89
6.07 1.15 0.99 6.07 1.15 0.99
6.19 1.08 0.94 6.19 1.08 0.94
6.16 1.12 1.03 6.16 1.12 1.03
6.23 1.09 1.01 6.23 1.09 1.01
6.20 0.89 0.85 6.20 0.89 0.85
6.05 0.77 0.76 6.05 0.77 0.76
6.08 0.91 0.87 6.08 0.91 0.87
6.05 1.20 1.09 6.05 1.20 1.09
6.44 1.22 1.17 6.44 1.22 1.17
5.95 0.83 0.78 6.00 0.87 0.82
5.76 0.67 0.63 6.04 0.90 0.85
5.76 0.68 0.63 6.04 0.90 0.85
5.77 0.69 0.64 6.04 0.90 0.85
5.78 0.69 0.64 6.04 0.90 0.85
5.79 0.70 0.65 6.05 0.91 0.86
5.80 0.71 0.66 6.05 0.91 0.86
5.81 0.71 0.66 6.06 0.91 0.86
5.81 0.72 0.67 6.06 0.92 0.87
5.82 0.73 0.68 6.07 0.92 0.87
5.83 0.73 0.68 6.07 0.92 0.87
5.84 0.74 0.69 6.07 0.93 0.88
5.85 0.74 0.70 6.08 0.93 0.88
5.85 0.75 0.70 6.08 0.93 0.88
5.86 0.76 0.71 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.87 0.76 0.71 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
5.88 0.77 0.72 6.09 0.94 0.89
20 p/kWh) Table 12 - Oil LRVC (real 2020 p/litre) Dom
High Low
5.90 1.01 0.89 50.0 50.9 46.8
6.07 1.15 0.99 63.7 64.9 60.7
6.19 1.08 0.94 63.9 67.7 62.5
6.16 1.12 1.03 60.2 65.9 59.7
6.23 1.09 1.01 51.4 59.4 51.8
6.20 0.89 0.85 33.5 39.8 34.3
6.05 0.77 0.76 28.8 33.4 30.5
6.08 0.91 0.87 37.4 41.3 38.0
6.05 1.20 1.09 45.8 48.9 45.4
6.44 1.22 1.17 39.3 42.4 37.9
6.09 0.94 0.89 25.9 28.2 23.6
6.32 1.12 1.08 26.2 28.5 23.9
6.33 1.13 1.08 26.5 28.8 24.3
6.34 1.14 1.09 26.8 29.2 24.6
6.35 1.15 1.10 27.7 30.1 25.5
6.36 1.16 1.11 28.1 30.5 25.9
6.38 1.17 1.12 28.4 30.9 26.3
6.39 1.18 1.13 28.7 31.2 26.6
6.40 1.19 1.14 29.1 31.6 27.0
6.42 1.20 1.15 29.4 31.9 27.3
6.43 1.21 1.16 30.2 32.8 28.2
6.44 1.22 1.17 30.6 33.2 28.6
6.45 1.23 1.18 30.9 33.5 28.9
6.47 1.24 1.19 31.2 33.8 29.2
6.48 1.25 1.20 31.5 34.1 29.6
6.49 1.26 1.21 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
6.50 1.27 1.22 31.8 34.5 29.9
LRVC (real 2020 p/litre) Domestic = Burning oil, Commerical, Industry = Gas Oil
Central High
50.0 50.9 46.8 50.0 50.9 46.8
63.7 64.9 60.7 63.7 64.9 60.7
63.9 67.7 62.5 63.9 67.7 62.5
60.2 65.9 59.7 60.2 65.9 59.7
51.4 59.4 51.8 51.4 59.4 51.8
33.5 39.8 34.3 33.5 39.8 34.3
28.8 33.4 30.5 28.8 33.4 30.5
37.4 41.3 38.0 37.4 41.3 38.0
45.8 48.9 45.4 45.8 48.9 45.4
40.4 43.6 39.1 42.1 45.5 40.9
36.5 39.5 34.9 57.1 61.4 56.8
37.7 40.8 36.2 58.1 62.4 57.8
38.5 41.6 37.0 58.6 63.0 58.4
39.2 42.3 37.7 59.6 64.1 59.5
40.0 43.2 38.6 60.3 64.8 60.2
40.8 44.0 39.4 60.9 65.4 60.8
42.1 45.4 40.8 62.0 66.6 62.1
42.8 46.2 41.6 62.6 67.3 62.7
43.6 47.0 42.4 63.7 68.5 63.9
44.3 47.8 43.2 64.3 69.1 64.5
45.0 48.5 44.0 64.9 69.7 65.1
46.2 49.8 45.3 66.0 70.8 66.3
46.9 50.6 46.0 66.5 71.4 66.9
47.6 51.3 46.7 67.6 72.5 68.0
48.3 52.0 47.5 68.1 73.1 68.5
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
49.0 52.8 48.2 68.6 73.7 69.1
Table 13 - Road Fuel LRVCs (real 2020 p/litre)
Low Central High
Petrol DERV Petrol DERV Petrol DERV

49.7 51.4 49.7 51.4 49.7 51.4
61.4 66.2 61.4 66.2 61.4 66.2
62.7 68.5 62.7 68.5 62.7 68.5
60.4 65.8 60.4 65.8 60.4 65.8
52.9 57.9 52.9 57.9 52.9 57.9
36.9 39.7 36.9 39.7 36.9 39.7
33.9 34.4 33.9 34.4 33.9 34.4
41.3 42.9 41.3 42.9 41.3 42.9
47.2 50.7 47.2 50.7 47.2 50.7
40.9 43.4 41.9 44.6 43.5 46.4
28.7 29.5 38.4 40.5 57.1 62.0
29.0 29.7 39.5 41.8 58.0 63.0
29.3 30.1 40.2 42.6 58.5 63.6
29.5 30.4 40.8 43.3 59.4 64.7
30.4 31.3 41.5 44.2 60.0 65.3
30.7 31.7 42.2 45.0 60.6 66.0
31.0 32.1 43.4 46.3 61.6 67.2
31.3 32.4 44.1 47.1 62.1 67.8
31.6 32.8 44.8 47.9 63.2 69.0
31.9 33.1 45.5 48.7 63.7 69.6
32.7 34.0 46.1 49.4 64.2 70.2
33.0 34.3 47.2 50.7 65.2 71.3
33.2 34.6 47.9 51.4 65.7 71.9
33.5 35.0 48.5 52.1 66.6 73.0
33.8 35.3 49.1 52.9 67.1 73.5
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
34.1 35.6 49.7 53.6 67.6 74.1
Notes:
Petrol comprises a weighted average of Super and Premium unleaded
Table 14: Regional air quality damage costs for the transport sector, 2020 p/litre
These are new air quality values based on the 2017 NAEI data. Values should be uplifted by an additional 2% per annu
consistent with interdepartmental guidance to reflects increases in willingness to pay for avoided health outcomes over
The updated damage costs take into account an improved understanding of health impacts, based on the latest advice
Health England and the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution (COMEAP). For further information on the m
please see https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/air-quality-impact-pathway-guidance
Area Car petrol Car diesel LGV petrol LGV diesel Rigid HGV diesel
Transport average 1.39 11.18 1.34 16.19 7.05
Central London 7.72 61.88 7.39 89.96 39.11
Inner London 7.93 63.53 7.59 92.38 40.17
Outer London 4.20 33.64 4.02 48.87 21.26
Inner conurbation 2.88 23.00 2.75 33.39 14.53
Outer conurbation 1.71 13.67 1.63 19.81 8.63
Urban big 1.76 14.11 1.69 20.46 8.91
Urban large 1.46 11.65 1.39 16.88 7.34
Urban medium 1.17 9.36 1.12 13.56 5.90
Urban small 0.96 7.71 0.93 11.16 4.87
Transport rural 0.50 3.97 0.48 5.71 2.50
Source: Defra
Definitions of the areas are taken from the DfT National Transport model and can be found in the link below in table A2
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/286935/webtag-tag-unit-a5-4-marginal-e
Defra's Air Quality Guidance can be found at:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/assess-the-impact-of-air-quality/air-quality-appraisal-damage-cost-guidanc
For further information on valuing Air Quality impacts, contact the IGCB:
igcb@defra.gsi.gov.uk
an additional 2% per annum to be
ded health outcomes over time.
based on the latest advice from Public
rther information on the methodology,
Articulated HGV diesel

2.71
14.94
15.34
8.13
5.57
3.31
3.42
2.82
2.27
1.87
0.97
the link below in table A2:

g-tag-unit-a5-4-marginal-external-congestion-costs.pdf
aisal-damage-cost-guidance
Table 15: Air quality damage costs from primary fuel use, 2020 p/kWh
The updated damage costs take into account an improved understanding of health impacts, based on the latest advic
Health England and the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution (COMEAP). For further information on the m
please see https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/air-quality-impact-pathway-guidance. To note, there are some
Table 15 which do not have any values, denoted as N/A, because the NAEI doesn’t have any emission values for tho
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

NATIONAL AVERAGE
Electricity (p/kWh) 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20
Gas (p/kWh) 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16
Coal (p/kWh) 2.21 2.25 2.30 2.34 2.39 2.44
Burning oil (p/kWh) 2.15 2.19 2.24 2.28 2.33 2.37
Biomass (p/kWh) 5.68 5.79 5.90 6.02 6.14 6.27
LPG (p/kWh) 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21
Peat (p/kWh) 17.37 17.71 18.07 18.43 18.80 19.17
Petroleum coke (p/kWh) 6.16 6.29 6.41 6.54 6.67 6.80
DOMESTIC: Inner conurbation

Gas (p/kWh) 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.27
Coal (p/kWh) 15.36 15.67 15.98 16.30 16.63 16.96
Burning oil (p/kWh) 0.69 0.70 0.72 0.73 0.75 0.76
Biomass (p/kWh) 33.08 33.74 34.41 35.10 35.80 36.52
LPG (p/kWh) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Peat (p/kWh) 41.12 41.94 42.78 43.63 44.51 45.40
DOMESTIC: Urban big

Gas (p/kWh) 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18
Coal (p/kWh) 10.89 11.11 11.33 11.56 11.79 12.02
Burning oil (p/kWh) 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39
Biomass (p/kWh) 21.72 22.16 22.60 23.05 23.51 23.98
Peat (p/kWh) 26.76 27.29 27.84 28.40 28.96 29.54
DOMESTIC: Urban medium

Gas (p/kWh) 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12
Coal (p/kWh) 8.22 8.39 8.55 8.72 8.90 9.08
Burning oil (p/kWh) 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.24
Biomass (p/kWh) 14.17 14.46 14.75 15.04 15.34 15.65
Peat (p/kWh) 17.30 17.65 18.00 18.36 18.73 19.10
DOMESTIC: Urban small

Gas (p/kWh) 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
Coal (p/kWh) 7.25 7.40 7.55 7.70 7.85 8.01
Burning oil (p/kWh) 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19
Biomass (p/kWh) 11.49 11.72 11.95 12.19 12.44 12.69
Peat (p/kWh) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
DOMESTIC: Rural
Gas p/kWh 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
Coal p/kWh 4.86 4.95 5.05 5.15 5.26 5.36
Burning oil p/kWh 0.1 0.1 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11
Biomass p/kWh 5.88 6 6.12 6.24 6.36 6.49
LPG p/kWh 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06
Peat p/kWh 7.2 7.35 7.5 7.65 7.8 7.95
Petroleum coke p/kWh 20.46 20.87 21.28 21.71 22.14 22.59
Source: Defra
Definitions of the areas are taken from the DfT National Transport model and can be found in the link below in table A
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tag-unit-a5-4-marginal-external-costs
Defra's Air Quality Guidance can be found at:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/assess-the-impact-of-air-quality/air-quality-appraisal-damage-cost-guidan
For further information on valuing Air Quality impacts, contact the IGCB:
igcb@defra.gsi.gov.uk
based on the latest advice from Public
urther information on the methodology,
e. To note, there are some categories in
ny emission values for those categories.
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031
0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24

0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19
2.48 2.53 2.58 2.64 2.69 2.74 2.80 2.85 2.91
2.42 2.47 2.52 2.57 2.62 2.67 2.73 2.78 2.84
6.39 6.52 6.65 6.78 6.92 7.06 7.20 7.34 7.49
0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25
19.56 19.95 20.35 20.75 21.17 21.59 22.02 22.47 22.91
6.94 7.08 7.22 7.37 7.51 7.66 7.82 7.97 8.13
0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32

17.30 17.64 18.00 18.36 18.72 19.10 19.48 19.87 20.27
0.78 0.79 0.81 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.91
37.25 37.99 38.75 39.53 40.32 41.13 41.95 42.79 43.64
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
46.30 47.23 48.18 49.14 50.12 51.12 52.15 53.19 54.25
29.38 29.97 30.57 31.18 31.80 32.44 33.09 33.75 34.42
0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22

12.26 12.51 12.76 13.01 13.28 13.54 13.81 14.09 14.37
0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46
24.46 24.95 25.45 25.96 26.48 27.01 27.55 28.10 28.66
30.13 30.74 31.35 31.98 32.62 33.27 33.94 34.61 35.31
27.48 28.03 28.59 29.16 29.75 30.34 30.95 31.57 32.20
0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14

9.26 9.44 9.63 9.83 10.02 10.22 10.43 10.64 10.85
0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.29
15.96 16.28 16.61 16.94 17.28 17.62 17.97 18.33 18.70
19.48 19.87 20.27 20.68 21.09 21.51 21.94 22.38 22.83
26.20 26.72 27.26 27.80 28.36 28.93 29.50 30.09 30.70
0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

8.17 8.33 8.50 8.67 8.84 9.02 9.20 9.38 9.57
0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.23
12.94 13.20 13.46 13.73 14.01 14.29 14.57 14.86 15.16
25.79 26.31 26.83 27.37 27.92 28.47 29.04 29.62 30.22
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
5.47 5.58 5.69 5.8 5.92 6.04 6.16 6.28 6.41
0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13
6.62 6.75 6.89 7.03 7.17 7.31 7.46 7.61 7.76
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07
8.11 8.28 8.44 8.61 8.78 8.96 9.14 9.32 9.51
23.04 23.5 23.97 24.45 24.94 25.44 25.94 26.46 26.99
in the link below in table A2:
raisal-damage-cost-guidance
2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040
0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28

0.19 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23
2.97 3.03 3.09 3.15 3.21 3.28 3.34 3.41 3.48
2.89 2.95 3.01 3.07 3.13 3.20 3.26 3.32 3.39
7.64 7.79 7.95 8.11 8.27 8.43 8.60 8.77 8.95
0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30
23.37 23.84 24.32 24.80 25.30 25.81 26.32 26.85 27.38
8.29 8.46 8.63 8.80 8.98 9.16 9.34 9.53 9.72
0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39

20.67 21.08 21.51 21.94 22.38 22.82 23.28 23.74 24.22
0.93 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.09
44.52 45.41 46.31 47.24 48.18 49.15 50.13 51.13 52.16
55.34 56.44 57.57 58.73 59.90 61.10 62.32 63.57 64.84
35.11 35.81 36.53 37.26 38.01 38.77 39.54 40.33 41.14
0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26

14.66 14.95 15.25 15.55 15.87 16.18 16.51 16.84 17.17
0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55
29.23 29.82 30.42 31.02 31.64 32.28 32.92 33.58 34.25
36.01 36.73 37.47 38.22 38.98 39.76 40.56 41.37 42.19
32.84 33.50 34.17 34.85 35.55 36.26 36.99 37.72 38.48
0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17

11.07 11.29 11.51 11.74 11.98 12.22 12.46 12.71 12.96
0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.34
19.07 19.46 19.85 20.24 20.65 21.06 21.48 21.91 22.35
23.29 23.75 24.23 24.71 25.20 25.71 26.22 26.75 27.28
31.31 31.94 32.58 33.23 33.89 34.57 35.26 35.97 36.69
0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13

9.76 9.96 10.16 10.36 10.57 10.78 11.00 11.22 11.44
0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27
15.46 15.77 16.09 16.41 16.74 17.07 17.42 17.76 18.12
30.82 31.44 32.07 32.71 33.36 34.03 34.71 35.40 36.11
0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
6.53 6.67 6.8 6.93 7.07 7.21 7.36 7.51 7.66
0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16
7.91 8.07 8.23 8.4 8.57 8.74 8.91 9.09 9.27
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
9.7 9.89 10.09 10.29 10.5 10.71 10.92 11.14 11.36
27.53 28.08 28.64 29.22 29.8 30.4 31.01 31.63 32.26
2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049
0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34

0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27
3.55 3.62 3.69 3.77 3.84 3.92 4.00 4.08 4.16
3.46 3.53 3.60 3.67 3.74 3.82 3.90 3.97 4.05
9.13 9.31 9.50 9.69 9.88 10.08 10.28 10.49 10.70
0.31 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.36
27.93 28.49 29.06 29.64 30.24 30.84 31.46 32.09 32.73
9.91 10.11 10.31 10.52 10.73 10.94 11.16 11.39 11.61
0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.46

24.70 25.20 25.70 26.22 26.74 27.28 27.82 28.38 28.94
1.11 1.13 1.15 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.27 1.30
53.20 54.26 55.35 56.46 57.59 58.74 59.91 61.11 62.33
66.13 67.46 68.81 70.18 71.59 73.02 74.48 75.97 77.49
41.96 42.80 43.66 44.53 45.42 46.33 47.26 48.20 49.16
0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31

17.52 17.87 18.22 18.59 18.96 19.34 19.73 20.12 20.52
0.56 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.66
34.94 35.64 36.35 37.08 37.82 38.57 39.35 40.13 40.94
43.04 43.90 44.78 45.67 46.59 47.52 48.47 49.44 50.43
39.25 40.03 40.83 41.65 42.48 43.33 44.20 45.08 45.99
0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20

13.22 13.49 13.76 14.03 14.31 14.60 14.89 15.19 15.49
0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.41
22.80 23.25 23.72 24.19 24.68 25.17 25.67 26.19 26.71
27.83 28.38 28.95 29.53 30.12 30.72 31.34 31.97 32.60
37.42 38.17 38.93 39.71 40.50 41.31 42.14 42.98 43.84
0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16

11.67 11.90 12.14 12.38 12.63 12.88 13.14 13.40 13.67
0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32
18.48 18.85 19.23 19.61 20.01 20.41 20.81 21.23 21.65
36.83 37.57 38.32 39.09 39.87 40.67 41.48 42.31 43.16
0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
7.81 7.97 8.12 8.29 8.45 8.62 8.79 8.97 9.15
0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19
9.46 9.65 9.84 10.04 10.24 10.44 10.65 10.86 11.08
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.1
11.59 11.82 12.06 12.3 12.54 12.79 13.05 13.31 13.58
32.9 33.56 34.23 34.92 35.62 36.33 37.05 37.8 38.55
2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058
0.35 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41

0.28 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.33
4.24 4.33 4.41 4.50 4.59 4.68 4.78 4.87 4.97
4.13 4.22 4.30 4.39 4.47 4.56 4.66 4.75 4.84
10.91 11.13 11.35 11.58 11.81 12.04 12.29 12.53 12.78
0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.43
33.38 34.05 34.73 35.43 36.13 36.86 37.59 38.35 39.11
11.85 12.08 12.33 12.57 12.82 13.08 13.34 13.61 13.88
0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55

29.52 30.11 30.72 31.33 31.96 32.60 33.25 33.91 34.59
1.32 1.35 1.38 1.41 1.43 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.55
63.58 64.85 66.15 67.47 68.82 70.20 71.60 73.03 74.49
79.04 80.62 82.23 83.87 85.55 87.26 89.01 90.79 92.60
50.15 51.15 52.17 53.22 54.28 55.37 56.48 57.60 58.76
0.32 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37

20.93 21.35 21.78 22.21 22.66 23.11 23.57 24.05 24.53
0.67 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.79
41.75 42.59 43.44 44.31 45.20 46.10 47.02 47.96 48.92
51.43 52.46 53.51 54.58 55.67 56.79 57.92 59.08 60.26
46.91 47.84 48.80 49.78 50.77 51.79 52.82 53.88 54.96
0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24

15.80 16.12 16.44 16.77 17.11 17.45 17.80 18.15 18.52
0.42 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49
27.24 27.79 28.34 28.91 29.49 30.08 30.68 31.29 31.92
33.26 33.92 34.60 35.29 36.00 36.72 37.45 38.20 38.97
44.72 45.61 46.53 47.46 48.41 49.37 50.36 51.37 52.40
0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19

13.95 14.22 14.51 14.80 15.10 15.40 15.70 16.02 16.34
0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39
22.09 22.53 22.98 23.44 23.91 24.39 24.87 25.37 25.88
44.02 44.90 45.80 46.71 47.65 48.60 49.57 50.57 51.58
0.1 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12
9.33 9.52 9.71 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.51 10.72 10.93
0.19 0.2 0.2 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.23
11.3 11.53 11.76 11.99 12.23 12.48 12.73 12.98 13.24
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11
13.85 14.13 14.41 14.7 14.99 15.29 15.6 15.91 16.23
39.32 40.11 40.91 41.73 42.56 43.42 44.28 45.17 46.07
2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067
0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49

0.33 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.39
5.07 5.17 5.27 5.38 5.49 5.60 5.71 5.82 5.94
4.94 5.04 5.14 5.24 5.35 5.45 5.56 5.67 5.79
13.04 13.30 13.56 13.84 14.11 14.39 14.68 14.98 15.28
0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52
39.89 40.69 41.51 42.34 43.18 44.05 44.93 45.83 46.74
14.16 14.44 14.73 15.02 15.33 15.63 15.94 16.26 16.59
0.56 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.66

35.28 35.99 36.71 37.44 38.19 38.96 39.74 40.53 41.34
1.58 1.61 1.65 1.68 1.71 1.75 1.78 1.82 1.85
75.98 77.50 79.05 80.63 82.25 83.89 85.57 87.28 89.03
94.46 96.34 98.27 100.24 102.24 104.29 106.37 108.50 110.67
59.93 61.13 62.35 63.60 64.87 66.17 67.49 68.84 70.22
0.38 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.44

25.02 25.52 26.03 26.55 27.08 27.62 28.17 28.74 29.31
0.80 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.94
49.90 50.90 51.92 52.95 54.01 55.09 56.20 57.32 58.47
61.47 62.70 63.95 65.23 66.54 67.87 69.22 70.61 72.02
56.06 57.18 58.32 59.49 60.68 61.89 63.13 64.39 65.68
0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29

18.89 19.26 19.65 20.04 20.44 20.85 21.27 21.70 22.13
0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58
32.56 33.21 33.87 34.55 35.24 35.95 36.67 37.40 38.15
39.75 40.54 41.35 42.18 43.02 43.88 44.76 45.65 46.57
53.44 54.51 55.60 56.72 57.85 59.01 60.19 61.39 62.62
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23

16.67 17.00 17.34 17.69 18.04 18.40 18.77 19.14 19.53
0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46
26.40 26.92 27.46 28.01 28.57 29.14 29.73 30.32 30.93
52.61 53.66 54.73 55.83 56.94 58.08 59.25 60.43 61.64
0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14
11.15 11.38 11.6 11.84 12.07 12.31 12.56 12.81 13.07
0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27
13.51 13.78 14.05 14.33 14.62 14.91 15.21 15.52 15.83
0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14
16.55 16.88 17.22 17.56 17.91 18.27 18.64 19.01 19.39
46.99 47.93 48.89 49.87 50.87 51.89 52.92 53.98 55.06
2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076
0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58

0.40 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47
6.06 6.18 6.30 6.43 6.56 6.69 6.82 6.96 7.10
5.90 6.02 6.14 6.27 6.39 6.52 6.65 6.78 6.92
15.58 15.89 16.21 16.54 16.87 17.20 17.55 17.90 18.26
0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.62
47.68 48.63 49.60 50.60 51.61 52.64 53.69 54.77 55.86
16.92 17.26 17.60 17.96 18.31 18.68 19.05 19.44 19.82
0.67 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.79

42.17 43.01 43.87 44.75 45.64 46.56 47.49 48.44 49.41
1.89 1.93 1.97 2.01 2.05 2.09 2.13 2.17 2.22
90.81 92.62 94.47 96.36 98.29 100.26 102.26 104.31 106.39
112.88 115.14 117.44 119.79 122.19 124.63 127.13 129.67 132.26
71.62 73.06 74.52 76.01 77.53 79.08 80.66 82.27 83.92
0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53

29.90 30.50 31.11 31.73 32.36 33.01 33.67 34.34 35.03
0.96 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12
59.64 60.83 62.04 63.29 64.55 65.84 67.16 68.50 69.87
73.46 74.93 76.43 77.96 79.52 81.11 82.73 84.38 86.07
66.99 68.33 69.70 71.09 72.52 73.97 75.45 76.95 78.49
0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34

22.57 23.02 23.48 23.95 24.43 24.92 25.42 25.93 26.45
0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.70
38.91 39.69 40.48 41.29 42.12 42.96 43.82 44.70 45.59
47.50 48.45 49.42 50.41 51.41 52.44 53.49 54.56 55.65
63.87 65.15 66.45 67.78 69.14 70.52 71.93 73.37 74.83
0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.28

19.92 20.32 20.72 21.14 21.56 21.99 22.43 22.88 23.34
0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55
31.55 32.18 32.82 33.48 34.15 34.83 35.53 36.24 36.96
62.87 64.13 65.41 66.72 68.05 69.42 70.80 72.22 73.66
0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17
13.33 13.6 13.87 14.15 14.43 14.72 15.01 15.31 15.62
0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.3 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.33
16.14 16.47 16.8 17.13 17.47 17.82 18.18 18.54 18.91
0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16
19.78 20.18 20.58 20.99 21.41 21.84 22.27 22.72 23.17
56.16 57.29 58.43 59.6 60.79 62.01 63.25 64.51 65.8
2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085
0.59 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.68 0.69

0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.56
7.24 7.38 7.53 7.68 7.83 7.99 8.15 8.31 8.48
7.06 7.20 7.34 7.49 7.64 7.79 7.95 8.10 8.27
18.62 18.99 19.37 19.76 20.16 20.56 20.97 21.39 21.82
0.63 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.74
56.98 58.12 59.28 60.47 61.68 62.91 64.17 65.45 66.76
20.22 20.63 21.04 21.46 21.89 22.33 22.77 23.23 23.69
0.80 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.94

50.39 51.40 52.43 53.48 54.55 55.64 56.75 57.89 59.04
2.26 2.31 2.35 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.65
108.52 110.69 112.91 115.16 117.47 119.82 122.21 124.66 127.15
134.91 137.60 140.36 143.16 146.03 148.95 151.93 154.96 158.06
85.60 87.31 89.06 90.84 92.65 94.51 96.40 98.32 100.29
0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.62 0.63

35.73 36.45 37.17 37.92 38.68 39.45 40.24 41.04 41.86
1.15 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.34
71.27 72.70 74.15 75.63 77.14 78.69 80.26 81.87 83.50
87.79 89.55 91.34 93.17 95.03 96.93 98.87 100.85 102.86
80.06 81.66 83.30 84.96 86.66 88.40 90.16 91.97 93.81
0.35 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41

26.98 27.51 28.07 28.63 29.20 29.78 30.38 30.99 31.61
0.71 0.73 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.83
46.50 47.43 48.38 49.35 50.33 51.34 52.37 53.42 54.48
56.77 57.90 59.06 60.24 61.45 62.67 63.93 65.21 66.51
76.33 77.86 79.42 81.00 82.62 84.28 85.96 87.68 89.43
0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.33

23.80 24.28 24.76 25.26 25.77 26.28 26.81 27.34 27.89
0.56 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.66
37.70 38.45 39.22 40.01 40.81 41.62 42.46 43.31 44.17
75.14 76.64 78.17 79.74 81.33 82.96 84.62 86.31 88.04
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.21
15.93 16.25 16.57 16.91 17.24 17.59 17.94 18.3 18.66
0.33 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.39
19.29 19.68 20.07 20.47 20.88 21.3 21.73 22.16 22.6
0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19
23.64 24.11 24.59 25.09 25.59 26.1 26.62 27.15 27.7
67.12 68.46 69.83 71.23 72.65 74.11 75.59 77.1 78.64
2086 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094
0.71 0.72 0.74 0.75 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.83

0.57 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.67
8.65 8.82 9.00 9.18 9.36 9.55 9.74 9.94 10.13
8.43 8.60 8.77 8.95 9.13 9.31 9.50 9.69 9.88
22.25 22.70 23.15 23.62 24.09 24.57 25.06 25.56 26.07
0.75 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.88
68.10 69.46 70.85 72.26 73.71 75.18 76.69 78.22 79.78
24.17 24.65 25.14 25.65 26.16 26.68 27.22 27.76 28.31
0.96 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.13

60.23 61.43 62.66 63.91 65.19 66.49 67.82 69.18 70.56
2.70 2.76 2.81 2.87 2.92 2.98 3.04 3.10 3.17
129.69 132.29 134.93 137.63 140.38 143.19 146.06 148.98 151.96
161.23 164.45 167.74 171.09 174.52 178.01 181.57 185.20 188.90
102.30 104.34 106.43 108.56 110.73 112.94 115.20 117.51 119.86
0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.74 0.75

42.70 43.56 44.43 45.32 46.22 47.15 48.09 49.05 50.03
1.37 1.40 1.42 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 1.57 1.60
85.17 86.88 88.61 90.39 92.19 94.04 95.92 97.84 99.79
104.92 107.02 109.16 111.34 113.57 115.84 118.16 120.52 122.93
95.68 97.60 99.55 101.54 103.57 105.64 107.75 109.91 112.11
0.42 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49

32.24 32.88 33.54 34.21 34.90 35.59 36.31 37.03 37.77
0.85 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00
55.57 56.69 57.82 58.98 60.15 61.36 62.58 63.84 65.11
67.84 69.20 70.58 71.99 73.43 74.90 76.40 77.93 79.49
91.22 93.05 94.91 96.81 98.74 100.72 102.73 104.79 106.88
0.34 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.39

28.45 29.02 29.60 30.19 30.79 31.41 32.04 32.68 33.33
0.67 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.79
45.06 45.96 46.88 47.81 48.77 49.75 50.74 51.76 52.79
89.80 91.59 93.42 95.29 97.20 99.14 101.13 103.15 105.21
0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25
19.04 19.42 19.81 20.2 20.61 21.02 21.44 21.87 22.31
0.4 0.4 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47
23.06 23.52 23.99 24.47 24.96 25.46 25.97 26.49 27.01
0.2 0.2 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23
28.25 28.82 29.39 29.98 30.58 31.19 31.81 32.45 33.1
80.21 81.82 83.45 85.12 86.83 88.56 90.33 92.14 93.98
2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100
0.85 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.93

0.68 0.69 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.75
10.34 10.54 10.75 10.97 11.19 11.41
10.08 10.28 10.48 10.69 10.91 11.13
26.60 27.13 27.67 28.22 28.79 29.36
0.90 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.97 0.99
81.38 83.01 84.67 86.36 88.09 89.85
28.88 29.46 30.05 30.65 31.26 31.89
1.15 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.24 1.27

71.97 73.41 74.88 76.38 77.91 79.47
3.23 3.29 3.36 3.43 3.50 3.57
155.00 158.10 161.26 164.48 167.77 171.13
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
192.68 196.53 200.46 204.47 208.56 212.73
122.25 124.70 127.19 129.74 132.33 134.98
0.77 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.85

51.03 52.05 53.09 54.16 55.24 56.34
1.64 1.67 1.70 1.74 1.77 1.81
101.79 103.83 105.90 108.02 110.18 112.39
125.39 127.90 130.46 133.07 135.73 138.44
114.35 116.64 118.97 121.35 123.78 126.25
0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55

38.53 39.30 40.08 40.89 41.70 42.54
1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12
66.42 67.74 69.10 70.48 71.89 73.33
81.08 82.70 84.35 86.04 87.76 89.51
109.02 111.20 113.42 115.69 118.01 120.37
0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.44

34.00 34.68 35.37 36.08 36.80 37.54
0.80 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.89
53.85 54.92 56.02 57.14 58.28 59.45
107.32 109.46 111.65 113.88 116.16 118.48
0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28
22.75 23.21 23.67 24.14 24.63 25.12
0.47 0.48 0.49 0.5 0.51 0.52
27.56 28.11 28.67 29.24 29.83 30.42
0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26
33.76 34.44 35.13 35.83 36.54 37.28
95.86 97.78 99.74 101.73 103.77 105.84
Tables 16-18: Fossil Fuel Price assumptions
Oil Prices (real 2020 $/bbl) Gas Prices (real 2020 p/therm) Coal Prices (re
Low Central High Low Central High da
2010 96 96 96 2010 51 51 51 2010
2011 130 130 130 2011 66 66 66 2011
2012 128 128 128 2012 68 68 68 2012
2013 123 123 123 2013 77 77 77 2013
2014 110 110 110 2014 55 55 55 2014
2015 58 58 58 2015 47 47 47 2015
2016 49 49 49 2016 38 38 38 2016
2017 58 58 58 2017 48 48 48 2017
2018 75 75 75 2018 63 63 63 2018
2019 61 64 66 2019 35 39 44 2019
2020 38 58 96 2020 33 48 75 2020
2021 40 60 98 2021 34 50 76 2021
2022 41 62 101 2022 34 51 77 2022
2023 42 65 103 2023 35 52 78 2023
2024 43 67 106 2024 36 53 79 2024
2025 44 69 108 2025 37 54 80 2025
2026 45 71 110 2026 38 55 81 2026
2027 47 74 113 2027 38 57 82 2027
2028 48 77 115 2028 39 58 83 2028
2029 49 79 118 2029 40 59 84 2029
2030 50 81 120 2030 41 60 85 2030
2031 51 83 123 2031 42 61 86 2031
2032 52 85 126 2032 42 62 87 2032
2033 54 88 128 2033 43 63 88 2033
2034 55 90 131 2034 44 64 89 2034
2035 56 92 133 2035 44 65 90 2035
2036 56 92 133 2036 44 65 90 2036
2037 56 92 133 2037 44 65 90 2037
2038 56 92 133 2038 44 65 90 2038
2039 56 92 133 2039 44 65 90 2039
2040 56 92 133 2040 44 65 90 2040
2041 56 92 133 2041 44 65 90 2041
2042 56 92 133 2042 44 65 90 2042
2043 56 92 133 2043 44 65 90 2043
2044 56 92 133 2044 44 65 90 2044
2045 56 92 133 2045 44 65 90 2045
2046 56 92 133 2046 44 65 90 2046
2047 56 92 133 2047 44 65 90 2047
2048 56 92 133 2048 44 65 90 2048
2049 56 92 133 2049 44 65 90 2049
2050 56 92 133 2050 44 65 90 2050
2051 56 92 133 2051 44 65 90 2051
2052 56 92 133 2052 44 65 90 2052
2053 56 92 133 2053 44 65 90 2053
2054 56 92 133 2054 44 65 90 2054
2055 56 92 133 2055 44 65 90 2055
2056 56 92 133 2056 44 65 90 2056
2057 56 92 133 2057 44 65 90 2057
2058 56 92 133 2058 44 65 90 2058
2059 56 92 133 2059 44 65 90 2059
2060 56 92 133 2060 44 65 90 2060
2061 56 92 133 2061 44 65 90 2061
2062 56 92 133 2062 44 65 90 2062
2063 56 92 133 2063 44 65 90 2063
2064 56 92 133 2064 44 65 90 2064
2065 56 92 133 2065 44 65 90 2065
2066 56 92 133 2066 44 65 90 2066
2067 56 92 133 2067 44 65 90 2067
2068 56 92 133 2068 44 65 90 2068
2069 56 92 133 2069 44 65 90 2069
2070 56 92 133 2070 44 65 90 2070
2071 56 92 133 2071 44 65 90 2071
2072 56 92 133 2072 44 65 90 2072
2073 56 92 133 2073 44 65 90 2073
2074 56 92 133 2074 44 65 90 2074
2075 56 92 133 2075 44 65 90 2075
2076 56 92 133 2076 44 65 90 2076
2077 56 92 133 2077 44 65 90 2077
2078 56 92 133 2078 44 65 90 2078
2079 56 92 133 2079 44 65 90 2079
2080 56 92 133 2080 44 65 90 2080
2081 56 92 133 2081 44 65 90 2081
2082 56 92 133 2082 44 65 90 2082
2083 56 92 133 2083 44 65 90 2083
2084 56 92 133 2084 44 65 90 2084
2085 56 92 133 2085 44 65 90 2085
2086 56 92 133 2086 44 65 90 2086
2087 56 92 133 2087 44 65 90 2087
2088 56 92 133 2088 44 65 90 2088
2089 56 92 133 2089 44 65 90 2089
2090 56 92 133 2090 44 65 90 2090
2091 56 92 133 2091 44 65 90 2091
2092 56 92 133 2092 44 65 90 2092
2093 56 92 133 2093 44 65 90 2093
2094 56 92 133 2094 44 65 90 2094
2095 56 92 133 2095 44 65 90 2095
2096 56 92 133 2096 44 65 90 2096
2097 56 92 133 2097 44 65 90 2097
2098 56 92 133 2098 44 65 90 2098
2099 56 92 133 2099 44 65 90 2099
2100 56 92 133 2100 44 65 90 2100
Source: BEIS
Note:
For more information on fossil fuel price assumptions, see:
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/fossil-fuel-price-projections
Coal Prices (real 2020 $/tonne)
Low Central High
110 110 110
142 142 142
106 106 106
92 92 92
84 84 84
62 62 62
64 64 64
89 89 89
95 95 95
57 60 67
44 65 86
45 65 88
46 66 90
47 67 92
48 68 93
49 69 95
50 70 97
51 71 99
52 72 100
53 72 102
54 74 104
55 75 106
56 76 107
57 77 109
58 78 111
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
60 79 112
Table 19: GDP deflator
UK GDP deflator index US GDP deflator index

(2020=100) (2020=100)
2006 73.5 2006 -
2007 75.4 2007 -
2008 77.8 2008 -
2009 79.0 2009 -
2010 80.3 2010 83.8
2011 82.0 2011 85.5
2012 83.3 2012 87.2
2013 84.8 2013 88.7
2014 86.3 2014 90.4
2015 86.8 2015 91.4
2016 88.7 2016 92.4
2017 90.4 2017 94.1
2018 92.5 2018 96.2
2019 94.4 2019 98.0
2020 100.0 2020 100.0
2021 101.1 2021 102.1
2022 99.7 2022 104.2
2023 101.4 2023 106.4
2024 103.6 2024 108.6
2025 105.8 2025 110.7
2026 108.0 2026 113.0
2027 110.3 2027 115.2
2028 112.7 2028 117.5
2029 115.1 2029 119.9
2030 117.5 2030 122.3
2031 120.0 2031 124.7
2032 122.6 2032 127.2
2033 125.2 2033 129.8
2034 127.9 2034 132.4
2035 130.6 2035 135.0
2036 133.4 2036 137.7
2037 136.2 2037 140.5
2038 139.1 2038 143.3
2039 142.1 2039 146.1
2040 145.1 2040 149.1
2041 148.2 2041 152.0
2042 151.4 2042 155.1
2043 154.6 2043 158.2
2044 157.9 2044 161.3
2045 161.2 2045 164.6
2046 164.7 2046 167.9
2047 168.2 2047 171.2
2048 171.8 2048 174.6
2049 175.4 2049 178.1
2050 179.1 2050 181.7
2051 183.0 2051 185.3
2052 186.9 2052 189.0
2053 190.8 2053 192.8
2054 194.9 2054 196.7
2055 199.0 2055 200.6
2056 203.3 2056 204.6
2057 207.6 2057 208.7
2058 212.0 2058 212.9
2059 216.6 2059 217.1
2060 221.2 2060 221.5
2061 225.9 2061 225.9
2062 230.7 2062 230.4
2063 235.6 2063 235.0
2064 240.6 2064 239.7
2065 245.7 2065 244.5
2066 251.0 2066 249.4
2067 256.3 2067 254.4
2068 261.8 2068 259.5
2069 267.4 2069 264.7
2070 273.0 2070 270.0
2071 278.9 2071 275.4
2072 284.8 2072 280.9
2073 290.9 2073 286.5
2074 297.1 2074 292.2
2075 303.4 2075 298.1
2076 309.9 2076 304.0
2077 316.5 2077 310.1
2078 323.2 2078 316.3
2079 330.1 2079 322.7
2080 337.1 2080 329.1
2081 344.3 2081 335.7
2082 351.6 2082 342.4
2083 359.1 2083 349.3
2084 366.7 2084 356.2
2085 374.6 2085 363.4
2086 382.5 2086 370.6
2087 390.7 2087 378.0
2088 399.0 2088 385.6
2089 407.5 2089 393.3
2090 416.2 2090 401.2
2091 425.0 2091 409.2
2092 434.1 2092 417.4
2093 443.3 2093 425.7
2094 452.8 2094 434.3
2095 462.4 2095 442.9
2096 472.3 2096 451.8
2097 482.3 2097 460.8
2098 492.6 2098 470.0
2099 503.1 2099 479.5
2100 513.8 2100 489.0
Sources:
GDP deflators at market prices, and money GDP March 2021 (Budget)
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/gdp-deflators-at-market-prices-and-money-gdp-march-2021-budget
OBR Economic and fiscal outlook – March 2021
https://obr.uk/efo/economic-and-fiscal-outlook-march-2021/
US GDP Deflator: IMF World Economic Outlook April 2019

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Table 1: Electricity emissions factors to 2100, kgCO2e/kWh

These tables were last revised in June 2021

Long-run marginal Grid average

Note: GHGs include CO2, CH4 and N2O.

sumption or generation. Grid average

Emissions factors CO2 only (kgCO2 per unit)

Average Emissions Factors for Sectors CO2 only All GHG

2938.8 0.2 1.6 6.3

3218.6 0.2 2.3 7.2

3485.5 0.4 11.3

er 3) which can be downloaded from the Green Gook supplementary

Year Petrol Diesel Gas oil

Note: GHGs include CO2, CH4 and N2O.

Source: Department for Transport

Further guidance on the use of carbon values is available from

For further details on carbon valuation, see:

Table 4 - Retail Electricity Prices (real 2020 p/kWh)

Note: Non-domestic prices are inclusive of Climate Change Levy

eal 2020 p/kWh) Table 5 - Retail Ga

Table 5 - Retail Gas Prices (real 2020 p/kWh)

etrol comprises a weighted average of Super and Premium unleaded

Table 9 - Electricity LRVC (real 2020 p/kWh)

Note: Non-domestic prices are inclusive of Climate Change Levy

y LRVC (real 2020 p/kWh) T

Industrial Domestic Commercial Industrial Domestic Commercial

Table 10 - Gas LRVC (real 2020 p/kWh)

Industrial Domestic Commercial Industrial Domestic Commercial Industrial

n Gook supplementary guidance section of GOV.UK webpage:

Domestic Commercial Industrial Domestic Commercial Industrial

Petrol DERV Petrol DERV Petrol DERV

Defra's Air Quality Guidance can be found at:

Articulated HGV diesel

the link below in table A2:

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

DOMESTIC: Inner conurbation

DOMESTIC: Urban big

DOMESTIC: Urban medium

DOMESTIC: Urban small

Defra's Air Quality Guidance can be found at:

2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031

0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24

0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32

0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22

0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14

0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

in the link below in table A2:

0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28

0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39

0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26

0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17

0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13

0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34

0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.46

0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31

0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20

0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16

0.35 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41

0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55

0.32 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37

0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24

0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19