I

LET S
MOVE
CAN YOU
REMEMBER
TRUE OR
FALSE
Muscle tension can be
produced without changes in
muscle length.
Muscle tension can be
produced without changes in
muscle length.

TRUE
A muscle contraction is described
as isotonic if the muscle tension
changes but the muscle length
remains the same.
A muscle contraction is described
as isometric if the muscle tension
changes but the muscle length
remains the same.

FALSE
The ions that in line with the cell
membrane is the sodium that
goes in and the potassium that
goes out.
The ions that in line with the cell
membrane is the sodium that
goes in and the potassium that
goes out.

TRUE
When the ATP supply fails to meet the
consumption of ATP during exercise, fatigue
occurs.
When the ATP supply fails to meet the
consumption of ATP during exercise, fatigue
occurs.

TRUE
Hypertrophy has several causes
including disease, starvation, and simple
disuse.
Atrophy has several causes
including disease, starvation, and simple
disuse.

FALSE
how
sure
What are motor neurons?
What is action
potential?
Why resting is important
during muscle recovery?
Differentiate fast-twitch
and slow-twitch muscle
fibers.
What is hippocampus?
Does exercise stops
incurable diseases?
think
move
draw
think SMARTER
move
draw
think SMARTER
move FASTER
draw
think SMARTER
move FASTER
draw CLEARER
 MODULE 4

NEUROMUSCULAR
AND METABOLISM

Gerald C. Suba, LPT | IAS

NEUROMUSCULAR
Pertaining to both nerves and muscles, as in neuromuscular blockade by
an anesthetic agent, the neuromuscular junction (the meeting place of
a nerve and a muscle fiber), and neuromuscular transmission (the
transfer of "information" from the nerve to the muscle) stated by Charles
Davis, 2021.
NEUROMUSCULAR
The neuromuscular system includes all the muscles in the body and the
nerves serving them. Every movement your body makes requires
communication between the brain and the muscles. The nervous system
provides the link between thoughts and actions by relaying messages
NEUROMUSCULAR
Nerves and muscles, working together as the neuromuscular system,
make your body move as you want it to. They also make sure you do
things you don’t even think about, such as breathe.

Nerves have cells called neurons. Neurons carry messages from the brain
via the spinal cord. The neurons that carry these messages to the muscles
are called motor neurons.
NEUROMUSCULAR
Each motor neuron ending sits very close
to a muscle fiber. Where they sit together
is called a neuromuscular junction. The
motor neurons can release a chemical,
which is picked up by the muscle fiber.
This tells the muscle fiber to contract.
NEUROMUSCULAR
SKILLS :
BALANCE - ability to control movements
AGILITY - ability to move quickly
KINESTHETIC - awareness of how your body moves
SPATIAL - the space your body uses/ others/ performance space/
awareness of the space shared
RHYTHM - ability to match movement to music
REACTIVITY - ability to respond to changing circumstances/ reacting
appropriately – emotion.
5
STAGES
NEUROMUSCULAR
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
1BEGINNERS
STAGE
Lack co-ordination,
unable to control
movements, and cannot
repeat movements.
1BEGINNERS
STAGE
Lack co-ordination, unable
to control movements, and
cannot repeat
movements.
2BASIC
STAGE
Co-ordination improves but not yet a
dancer, body responds more accurately
and can repeat some movements.
3DEVELOPING
STAGE
Some isolated
performance skills
developed and body can
move in a variety of ways.
3DEVELOPING
STAGE
Some isolated
performance skills
developed and body can
move in a variety of ways.
4 MASTERY
STAGE
Controlled movements used in
creative ways and still limited in
performance
ability.
5SOPHISTICATED
STAGE
High level of performance, complex
movement patterns used, rhythmic
accuracy and awareness of self in
motion – emotion & meaning.
!
Repetition and practice are what creates muscles
memory in the brain which leads to instant messages
being sent by the brain to the body on how to move and
react.
?
• It is an essential element for co-ordination, control &
performance.
• It allows for effortless movement quality.
• It adds to musicality, interpretation, spacial
awareness and quality of movement – emotion.
• It is one of the main ways in which to prevent injuries.
memorize
The
cards
METABOLISM
| CONVERTING FOOD TO ENERGY

Metabolism is the process by which the body

changes food and drink into energy. During
this process, calories in food and drinks mix
with oxygen to make the energy the body
needs.
METABOLISM
| CONVERTING FOOD TO ENERGY

Even at rest, a body needs energy for all it does. This includes breathing,
sending blood through the body, keeping hormone levels even, and
growing and repairing cells. The number of calories a body at rest uses
to do these things is known as basal metabolic rate, also called basal
metabolism.
METABOLISM
| THE WORK…

• Breathing
• Circulating blood
• Digesting food
• Growing and repairing cells
• Managing hormone levels
• Regulating body temperature
METABOLISM
2 | PROCESSES

Catabolism – the breakdown of food components (such

as carbohydrates, proteins and dietary fats) into their simpler forms,
which can then be used to provide energy and the basic building blocks
needed for growth and repair.
METABOLISM
2 | PROCESSES

Anabolism – the part of metabolism in which our body is built or

repaired. Anabolism requires energy that ultimately comes from our food.
When we eat more than we need for daily anabolism, the excess nutrients
are typically stored in our body as fat.
METABOLISM
BURNING CALORIES EACH DAY

• How the body uses food. Digesting, absorbing, moving and storing
food burn calories. About 10% of calories eaten are used for digesting
food and taking in nutrients. This can't be changed much.
METABOLISM
BURNING CALORIES EACH DAY

• How much a body moves. Any movement, such as playing tennis,

walking to a store or chasing the dog, makes up the rest of the calories
a body burns each day. This can be changed a lot, both by doing more
exercise and just moving more during the day.
NOTE :
BURNING CALORIES EACH DAY

Daily activity that isn't exercise is called non-exercise activity

thermogenesis (NEAT). This includes walking around the house. It also
includes activities such as gardening and housework, and even
fidgeting. NEAT accounts for about 100 to 800 calories used daily.
METABOLISM
Factors

v
i
Muscle Mass
It takes more energy (calories) to build and maintain muscle than fat.
People with more muscle mass often have faster metabolisms that burn
more calories.
METABOLISM
Factors

v
Age
i
You lose muscle as you get older, which slows down the metabolism.

Sex
Males tend to have faster metabolisms than females. They have more
muscle mass, larger bones and less body fat.
METABOLISM
Factors

v
Genes
i
The genes you inherit from your parents play a role in your muscle size
and ability to build muscle mass.

Physical Activity
Walking, chasing after your kids, playing tennis and other forms of
exercise cause your body to burn more calories than being sedentary.
METABOLISM
Factors

v
Smoking
i
Nicotine speeds up your metabolism, so you burn more calories. This is
one reason people who quit smoking may put on weight. But the health
consequences of smoking — cancer, high blood pressure, coronary
artery disease — far outweigh any benefit you might get from burning a
few extra calories.
METABOLISM
Factors

v
i
Amount of Lean Muscle Tissue
Muscle burns kilojoules rapidly.

Amount of Body Fat

Fat cells are ‘sluggish’ and burn far fewer kilojoules than most other
tissues and organs of the body.
METABOLISM
Factors

v
i
Environmental Temperature
If temperature is very low or very high, the body has to work harder to maintain its
normal body temperature, which increases the BMR.

Infection or Illness
BMR increases because the body has to work harder to build new tissues and to
create an immune response.
METABOLISM
Factors

v
Drugs
i
Like caffeine or nicotine, can increase the BMR.
METABOLISM AND

WEIGHT
Some people seem to lose weight more quickly and more easily than
others. But everyone loses weight by burning more calories than are
eaten. The bottom line is calories count. To lose weight, you need to eat
fewer calories or burn more calories through physical activity. Or you can
do both.
A CLOSER LOOK

I
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY X METABOLISM
You can't easily control the speed of your basal metabolic rate, but you
can control how many calories you burn through physical activity. The
more active you are, the more calories you burn. In fact, some people
who seem to have a fast metabolism are probably just more active —
and maybe fidget more — than others.
GUIDELINES
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY X METABOLISM
Aerobic activity. As a general goal, aim for at least 30 minutes of
moderate physical activity every day. If you want to lose weight, maintain
weight loss or meet specific fitness goals, you may need to exercise
more.
GUIDELINES
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY X METABOLISM
Strength training. Do strength training exercises for all major muscle
groups at least two times a week. Strength training can include use of
weight machines, your own body weight, heavy bags, resistance tubing
or resistance paddles in the water, or activities such as rock climbing.
ANG INIT
SA MCC
DAPDAP
 BURN 10
Milligrams a day

BURN 3 to 5
kilograms a year
RE S T ING E CG
Abnormalities in any of these measurements
may indicate underlying health problems such
as heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes,
which may warrant further medical evaluation
before proceeding with the actual test. (Often
expected in diagnostic testing)