CASE STUDY

Mendoza,Abelardo,Jr. Q.
B.S Psycholog 2F

I. Personal information: (Name if indicated, age, sex, etc.

Name : Kc
Birthday :
Age :51 years old
Sex : Male
Address : Toronto
Civil Status:Single
Education Attainment : College Graduate,Business Program
Occupation :

II. PERSONAL HISTORY

A. Home and Family History

He was born as premature baby in the year 1951. He is living
in the Toronto with a very supportive family. At the age of 51,
he is still single with no children. He is still living in his
parent in their house in Toronto since when he was 9 years old.

B. School History
He is considered right handed man. He was spending in 16 years
in formal education. After graduated in his highschool level, he
was entered in college and enrolled in 3 year business program at
a community college. He successfully finished his college degree
at the age of 25. He became employed at the age 27 in the
engineering and manufacturing plant.
C. Social History
There is no social history indicates on Kc case study.

D. Personal Relationship
 The mother of Kc was establish a good relationship for him.
Because, Kc at the age of 51 because of brain injury that
happened to him when he was in 30 years old, he still living with
his mother. The mother taking care for Kc. She wakes up every
morning around 7am to 8pm to preparing a breakfast for Kc. He
wear a proper clothes and grooms in preparation for one of his
scheduled half-day excursions, which voluntarily between helping
out at the neighborhood library and playing games, swimming, and
other leisure activities, and bowling with a small group of other
head-injured people, whom he again sees on Friday nights for
dinner and a movie. Weekends are spent with the family in the
summer and fall. cottage, as they were before his injury, and in
the winter and spring at home visiting with family and friends
E. BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION/SYMPTOMS:
In October of 1981, however, K.C.’s life took a dramatic turn.
At the age of 30, he suffered his latest and most devastating
head injury, leaving him densely amnesic, when he rode his
motorcycle off an exit ramp on the stretch of highway from the
plant to his nearby house. Upon arrival to a regional hospital,
he was unconscious with dilated fixed pupils and was noted to
have clonic seizures. Due to the severity of his
He was quickly moved to a larger facility because of his
neurological condition hospital where he had neurosurgery for the
removal indicated a left-sided subdural hematoma encompassing the
entire convexity and extending along the tentorium and falx.on
CT. When he regained consciousness 72 hours after the
trauma,place in an intensive care unit where he was to remain for
1month before becoming stable enough to be moved to a
rehabilitation facility hospital for a 6-month stay. He continued
to be in a daze as the following 5 days, responding solely to
simple orders. At around 7 days, he appeared to recognize his
mother. A follow-up CT scan performed during week 3 showed a
chronic bilateral slight enlargement of the ventricles, frontal
subdural hematoma, and sulci, and left occipital lobe infarction
presumed to be secondary to compression of the left posterior
cerebral artery as a result of elevated intracranial pressure.
K.C. was transferred to a rehabilitation facility was observed to
be reading and speaking pretty fluently, and started to
recognizing friends but exhibited slow speech as well as

hemiplegia and a homonymous hemianopia, both affecting

to the right. In May 1982, a CT scan revealed no remaining signs
of the subdural hematoma and ventricles of usual size, with the
exception of a focal occipital enlargement horn of the left
lateral ventricle. A well-defined area of decreased density was
noted in the left occipital lobe together with prominent sulci
over the convexity, particularly over the
the left frontal lobe. K.C. was released to go home in July 1982.
Now was the time. his severe inability to commit new knowledge to
memory
Memory of any kind became more obvious, warning of what likely to
be visible on subsequent MRI scans, specifically severe His
medial temporal lobes were damaged, and both sides of his brain
lost practically all of the hippocampi. Additionally, it grew
more and more obvious, especially to those who knew K.C. from
earlier his injury, that any information about private events
that they had shared with him had vanished from K.C.'s memory,
whatever significant it had been at the time. Not even a complete
set of mental abilities like vision and language and analytical
abilities would allow K.C. to experience an intimate moment again
episodic past or create hypothetical events that he could take
part. This is how K.C. Lacking autonoetic consciousness, the
awareness of one's own absence merely reflecting on the past
without also considering the future. This stands in stark
contrast to "noetic" consciousness, or just being aware of a past
event in the present K.C. said earlier that carries on havingThe
influence of the motorbike accident on K.C.'s personality was
also significant. Although he is still polite and laid-back,
unlike his former sociable, thrill-seeking personality
transformed into a calm, soft-spoken person. The date His life
was characterized by getting to work quickly and skipping
breakfast. sleeping in, going to pubs and playing cards with
friends, playing in a rock band, going to Mardi Gras, and riding
motorcycles
stays recognizable, but there is no indication that anyone else
remembers any particular incident. Regardless, K.C. is aware of
his history functionally comparable to his familiarity with other
a person's past. trait awareness of his quiet, present self
in the absence of any "remembering" is as accurate
particular instances where I was involved K.C. has managed to
acquire some personal gist-like knowledge over the years of his
life since his injury, but this acquisition is attributable to a
semantic learning mechanism that can operate without the luxury
of rich episodic detail, an important point to which we shall
return later. which we'll come back to later. K.C.'s new "person"
is clearly visible in his testing-related behavior. He is
consistently cordial, polite, and never complained about being
tired, and enjoying themselves in the difficulty of several of
the tests. The adaptability of K.C being a research subject is
further supported by the reality that He never fantasizes. If
anything, he is quite cautious in answering "yes" or "no" in
response to a query only when he is 100 percent certain of the
response. Therefore, he surmises that He has never actually met
one of the authors (R.S.R. around eight times a year, I went to
see him at home. although there is a certain amount of
familiarity with the last five years and solace that He displays,
especially in a more powerful
willingness to strike up a discussion and pose inquiries. In this
context, K.C.'s acceptable, if blunt, emotive response repertoire
The capacity to comment of K.C. His apparent understanding of
humor and sarcasm, along with his current emotional condition,
further suggest an intact. He is able to infer his own and
others' minds thanks to the "theory of mind," the ideas,
emotions, and intentions of others. This is in stark contrast to
a total dissociation from oneself. the emotional content of
previous encounters with personal and catastrophes around the
world that, in normal conditions, would have earned the
reputation of being the most vivid and intense mental snapshots.
Think about a few instances. the younger K.C. Accidentally
encountered his once-inseparable brother a brain injury a few
years before his own. K.C. has no memory of the circumstances in
which he heard of including where he was when this terrible news
broke, who told him about the incident and his emotional
response. The incidents surrounding a potentially fatal chemical
discharge from He and his family were forced to leave their home
for over a week due to a train derailment, which has since been
reduced to a dry situation. truth of the matter. The
circumstances of a recent fall at his cottage belonging to a
family that required multiple procedures to fix a broken knee,
wearing a cast from head to toe, and living in the crutches on
the main floor living area for more than six months. Similar to
being lost. Every time September is mentioned to him He expresses
the same dread and shock as someone else at age 11. gaining
knowledge of the news for the first time. The utter comfort with
which K.C. goes about regular tasks could deceive an uneducated
observer into missing. He has lost all ability to recall episodic
information. As mentioned before, the types of memories that are
typically preserved can also be used to characterize amnesia.
retaining the diverse skills. The semantic knowledge acquired
before to the accident enables K.C. to easily locate breakfast
items and utensils in the knowing that the eight-ball sinks last
in a kitchen To clarify the difference between a strike and a
foul in a game of pool similarity between the front crawl and
breast, and spare in bowling stroke. He is able to describe his
home's layout and the season. the shortest path between them,
without any cottages in between memories of a single whatsoever
took place at either of these places. After four cards are dealt,
he anticipates a new "trick." the Bridge table's center and looks
forward to Bob Barker's appearance the participants on "Price is
Right" were instructed to "spin the wheel," even if he is unable
to predict what he will do when the It's the end of the card game
or the show. like a lot of people
Despite having amnesia, he is nevertheless capable of learning
new things like organizing books according to even though he used
the Dewey decimal method in his library is unable to recollect
specifically what happened during this antegrade learning,
showing that implicit memory was preserved. Collectively,
anecdotal evidence points to K.C. is
similar to any other healthy person in many ways. in his shop
of procedural information, semantic facts about himself and the
world
skills he developed during his first 30 years of life, and
His natural ability to function in ordinary situations
similar to the majority of his age peers. He stands out even
among many amnesic cases since he cannot recall any specific
incident in which he took part or whatever event he personally
witnessed. An observation: Over time, there hasn't been much of a
shift in this profile overall.
accordance with the pattern, the consistency of the outcomes of
rigorous neurological and cognitive testing, and
MRI scans showed the degree of K.C.'s brain injury,
what which Next, we move. Additionally, it passes the evaluation
of more objective experimental techniques, which we will discuss
later.
sections.
. MEDICAL HISTORY
He was reported as normal and neurological history unremarkable
until the summer of his 16th Birthday. While he working on his s
aunt’s Montreal area farm. Unexpectedly, the bale of hay fell in
his head that causes of his loss of consciousness. He was
admitted to the Montreal Neurological Institute, where he
undergoes observation for almost three days without receiving any
treatment. A surgical procedure was carried out. On, he was
released from the anticonvulsant drug was ceased when he went
back to high school after a year away.
However, K.C.'s life took a dramatic turn in October 1981.
turn. At his 30 years old when he sustained his most severe brain
injury, which left him heavily amnesic, departed the highway's
exit ramp on his motorcycle from the establishment to his
neighboring home.
Diagnosis
Kc under the condition of amnesia because of brain injury that
happened when he was in motorcycle accident.

III. SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMS

K.C. was subjected to a thorough neuropsychological evaluation
over several sessions in 1996 and was re-examined. on a condensed
version of the test battery in March 2003 if past results still
accurately reflect his current level of cognitive process.
comparing the outcomes of the most recent tests compared to those
from earlier evaluations carried out in the late 1980s shows that
K.C.'s general level of cognitive function has not changed over
time. We will respond. on the few functional aspects that do seem
to have altered since his amnesia first appeared
VI. RECOMMENDED THERAPY/TREATMENT
K.C.'s brain was scanned with a to address these problems. As he
carried out neighborhood tasks similar to those given in the
behavioral study mentioned above, functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) was being conducted on him (Rosenbaum, Winocur and
colleagues 2004, Neuroimaging and prior lesion Research on young,
healthy adults demonstrates that each of these tasks activates a
variety of brain regions that are skilled at representing and
processing specific features of an arrangement in space (Aguirre
& D'Esposito, 1999; Rosenbaum,(2003) Ziegler, Winocur, Grady, &
Moscovitch. Recruitment landmark identification and the posterior
parietal regions with the egocentric processing of landmarks in
respect to the self have both been linked to the parahippocampal
gyrus. route tasks, allocentric processing in the retrosplenial
cortex when determining direction, of landmarks in relation to
one another a vector, and a portion of the posterior inferior
temporal cortex landmark perception (parahippocampal-anterior
lingual gyrus).

Reference :

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