LESSON 1

INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Lesson This lesson the Information
Technology concepts through
Objectives Basic knowledge of
Introduction to the computer
systems. At the conclusion of
this chapter you should be able
to understand:

The characteristics of
01 computers that makes them an
essential part of every
technology world.

Computer system, which includes

02 components such as central processing
unit & Input and Output (I/O) device .
COMPUTER - Derived from the
Latin word compute, which means
to calculate. A computer is an
electronic machine, devised for
performing calculations and
controlling operations that can be
expressed either in logical or
numerical terms. In simple terms, a
computer is an electronic device
that performs diverse operations
with the help of instructions to
process the information in order to
achieve the desired results.
 The main characteristics of
computers are
SPEED 1 4 VERSATILITY

5
AUTOMATION
STORAGE 2
6
DILIGENCE

ACCURACY 3 START 7 REALIBILITY

 Computers Characteristics
AUTOMATION

SPEED STORAGE ACCURACY VERSATILITY

The biggest
advantage of
computers is that
Computers Computers can The accuracy of Computers are it is automatic in
store enormous a Computer is versatile in that its operation.
are capable quantity of consistently they can Once
of carrying information. Which high. In fact, this perform almost a programming
out the task is expressed in quality of the any task, logic is initiated
with terms of Kilobytes computers make provided they the computer
(or) Mega Bytes them are given the performs
enormous indispensable in appropriate
(MB) or Gega repeated
speed. Bytes (GB). various fields logical steps operations.
Computers Characteristics
RELIABILITY
DILIGENCE

The computers
Computers are give very
machines and accurate results
with
that do not get predetermined
tired or ‘lose values. They
concentration’ correct and
modify the
like parameters
human beings. automatically,
. giving suitable
signals.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
In the early days of mankind, man
used to count the head of cattle by
putting lines on trees. Slowly these
lines changed to numbers. To do
calculation on numbers he started
inventing machines.
 ABACUS

Abacus was probably the earliest of

counting devices. It consists of
rectangular wooden frame with two
compartments and beads sliding
along the steel wires for counting.
Multiplication and divisions are done
using repeated additions and
subtractions. Even today in which
cross strings are fixed. Beads are
inserted on to the strings. There are
a number of rows of beads.
 NAPIER’S LOGS AND BONES

John Napier, a Scottish mathematician

invented logarithms. The use of
logarithms enabled him to transform
multiplications and division problems of
addition and subtractions. In the
beginning he called logarithms as artificial
numbers. But later he named them
logarithms. Napier also invented a
computing device consisting of sticks with
numbers carved on them. These sticks
are called bones as they were made of
bones. These bones helped a lot in
multiplication involving large numbers.
 SLIDE RULE

As the name indicates, the slide rule

has one scale sliding within the
other. Suppose you want to add two
numbers 3 and 5, set 3 on the fixed
scale and slide the moving scale. So
that its “0’ coincides with”5” of sliding
scale. This is the sum of 3 and 5.
The process of reading could be
quick if you are trained in the use of
slide rule.
LADY ADA LOVELACE

Lovelace is the daughter of the famous

English poet Lord Byron. She was a
mathematician. She studied the works of
Babbage and wrote about them. From her
account only, we can see the close
resemblance of the modern day
computers and Babbage’s work. Lady
Ada Lovelace’s contributions are very
important. Since she predicted that
computers can be programmed, a
language, Ada used widely in America’s
Department of Defence Computers was
named after her.
 ABC Computer

In 1937, Dr. John Atanstoff with the

help of his assistant Berry designed
the Atanstoff Berry Computer (ABC).
The machine laid the foundation for
the development of electronic digital
computer.
UNIVAC-I – UNIVERSAL
AUTOMATIC COMPUTERS

In 1947, after ENIAC became operational

Mauchly and Eckart formed their own
Company- The Eckart-Mauchly Computer
Corporation”. Immediately after this they
started the design of UNIVAC-I. This was
purchased by US bureau of Census.
UNIVAC was the first computer dedicated
to business applications
Who is the father of computer?
What do you call the first
generation of computer?
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
First Generation (1940 to 1956): Using Vacuum Tubes

•Vacuum tubes are used with magnetic drum and

memory. It is the first generation of computer which is
the input to the computer was through punched cards
and paper tapes. The output display is through
printouts.
Second Generation (1956 to 1963): Using Transistors

• The second generation of computer was the replaced of the Vacuum

tube replaced the vacuum tubes which used a transistor. Transistors
allow the computers to become cheaper. faster and smaller and
Energy efficient and reliable
Third Generation (1964 to 1971): Using Integrated
Circuits
• Integrated Circuit (IC) Chips are the third generation of computer. IC
chip replaced the multiple transistors into a silicon chip. Silicon is a
type of semiconductor. IC chip increase the efficiency of computer and
speed. This generation also were keyboard and monitor were used to
• Interact and replaced punch card.
Fourth Generation (1971 to present): Using
Microprocessors
• Thousands of transistors are integrated on a small Silicon chip by using
Large Scale Integration LSI and Very large scale Integration
technology. VLSI and LSI allows hundreds of thousands of components
to be integrated in a small chip and marked the era as the development
of microprocessors.
• Microprocessor is a having containing millions of transistors and
components, and, designed using Large Scale integration and VLSI
technology.
 Fifth Generation (Present and Next): Using Artificial
Intelligence
• The fifth generation computer is artificial intelligence (AI) technology. It
was develop computers capability of learning and self-organization. It
used Super Large Scale Integrated (SLSI). This chips can store
millions of components to a bigger memory capacity in single chip. As
an AI technology it is faster, reliable and efficient and tries to simulate
the human way of thinking and even reasoning. Such areas like
expert system, language processing, voice and speech recognition and
robotics are AI commonly used.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
 COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPONENTS HUMANWARE
BRIDGE WARE
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
FIRMWARE

The computer
The physical The components and
The computer programs used to
components of The sets of man-machine
interface is programs translate
the computer, instructions, instructions and
called a human permanently
such as which control the stored in ROM or information written
electrical, ware. The
sequence of PROM are called for one type of
people who
electronics and operations, are firmware. These computer into a
work with programs are
mechanical known as the computer format that another
provided by type of
unit are known programs, and are collectively hardware
as the collectively called the computer can
manufacturer
hardware of programs human ware or understand is called
along with
livewire bridge ware
the computer the computers
QUESTIONS
THANK YOU