BEEM 2385: RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

SOLAR
ENERGY
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Capturin
g radiant
Renewable
light and
energy
heat from
the Sun
WHAT IS
SOLAR Used to
generate
New York
City in 1883
by American
ENERGY electricity
and
Inventor,
Charles
? heating
Fritts

Reducing
Substitute air
for coal, pollution,
petroleum clean
and gas power and
infinite
 Fundamental of
Solar Energy
Solar energy relies on an abundant source of essentially free power
that meets our planet’s energy needs with minimum environmental
effect.
 The Growth of Solar Power
Costs of installation keep coming down as solar technology
continues to advance causing the use of solar energy to increase.
 How Does Solar Energy Work?
Solar energy is produced by capturing radiant light and heat from
the sun and then converting it into energy to power homes,
businesses, tools and machinery.
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MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOLAR ENERGY
SUSTAINABLE AND COMPLETELY
INEXHAUSTIBLE

The sun produces considerably more CLEAN

energy than mankind will ever require.

Solar power produces zero greenhouse

gases into the atmosphere
HIGH EFFICIENCY

Concentrated sunlight increases the ratio

of the current produced when the device
is illuminated

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Device Measuring of Solar Energy

PYRANOMETER SUNSHINE RECORDER PYRHELIOMETER

• Function-It measure • Function-Measures the • Function-It is used to

the total duration in hours of measure beam of
hemispherical solar bright sunshine during direct radiation
radiation the course of day
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APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY

 Electricity generation through

Photovoltaic cells
 Heating and Cooling of buildings
 Solar thermal power generation
 Solar water and air heating
 Industrial process heat
 Solar transportation
 Solar ventilation
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AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE

SOLAR SYSTEM INSTALLATION
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Solar Energy Generations

There are two main ways of utilization of solar
energy:

PHOTOVOLTAIC
Converting sunlight directly into
electricity

CONCENTRATED-THERMAL SOLAR
Converting sunlight to heat, temperature
and
generate electricity indirectly
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WHAT IS SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC
? Semiconductor materials
Light (photons) electricity
(Silicon cell) and devices
(voltage) is called the
convert sunlight into
photovoltaic (PV)
electrical energy

PV installations are ground- Commercially utilized for

mounted, rooftop-mounted, electricity generation and
wall-mounted or floating as photosensor
ADVANTAGES OF
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PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
1. High reliability
• Photovoltaic systems are still highly reliable even
under harsh conditions. Photovoltaic arrays ensure
continuous, uninterrupted operation of critical power
supplies.
2. Strong persistence
• Most modules in a PV system have a warranty period
of up to 25 years and remain operational even after
many years.
3. Low maintenance costs
• Photovoltaic systems require only regular inspections
and occasional repairs, which are extremely low cost
compared to conventional fuel systems.
4. Zero fuel consumption
• Photovoltaic systems do not require fuel and can
eliminate associated procurement, storage and
transportation costs.
5. Noise pollution is small
• The photovoltaic system can operate quietly with
minimal mechanical movement.
SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTA
IC SYSTEM
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MAIN COMPONENT OF
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
Solar Panel SYSTEM
Inverter Batteries

 Function: Store and supply

 Function: Generate DC
electricity as sunlight, or solar
irradiation, stimulates electrons
 Type:Monocrystalline,
polycrystalline, and thin film
 Function: Device that converts
energy produced from PV
direct current (DC) to
panels
alternating current (AC)
 Type: Lithium ion, Nickel
 Type: String inverter, central
cadmium, Flow batteries and
inverter and micro inverter
Lead acid
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MAIN COMPONENT OF
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
Charge Controller SYSTEM
Utility Meter

 Function: To measure the amount

 Function: Regulates and controls the
of electricity solar system
output from the solar array to prevent
generated.
the batteries from being over charged
 Type: PV Meters Connected to the
(or over discharged) resistance.
Internet and consumption meter
 Type:Monocrystalline, polycrystalline,
and thin film
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TYPE OF SOLAR PANEL

MONOCRYSTALLI POLYCRYSTALLIN THIN

 Monocrystalline solar panels
E  Thin filmFILM
solar cells are mostly
are NE the most popular solar
 Polycrystalline panels, used in large-scale utility and
panels used in rooftop solar
sometimes referred to as ‘multi industrial solar installations
panel installations.
crystalline panels, are popular because of their lower
 Performance: Efficiency ratings
among homeowners looking to efficiency ratings.
of monocrystalline solar panels
install solar panels on a budget.  Performance: Thin film panels
range from 17% to 22%, earning
 Performance: Polycrystalline that are commercially available
them the title of the most
panel efficiency ratings will generally have efficiency in the
efficient solar panel type.
typically range from 15% to 17%. 10–13% range.
 Cost: Monocrystalline panels
 Cost: The cheapest option for  Cost: Thin film solar panels have
are the most expensive of the
homeowners going solar, the lowest cost of the solar
three types of solar panels
without majorly sacrificing panel types, largely because
because of their manufacturing
panel performance. they are easier to install and
process and higher
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TYPE OF INVERTER

MICRO-INVERTER STRING INVERTER CENTRAL

INVERTER

 Function: Converts power at

the solar panel from DC  Function: Connected to a series or
 Function: igh capacity inverter
electricity to 240V AC electricity ―string‖ of solar panels and
designed for use with large
and is attached to each panel in a converts the power from Direct
commercial or utility (power
solar system. Current (DC) in to Alternate
station) sized solar systems to
 Cost: Little more expensive to Current (AC) electricity, for the
handle more power and offer
install as instead of one central solar system as a whole.
efficiencies / economies of scale.
inverter, each panel has its own
inverter.
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TYPE OF BATTERIES

LEAD LITHIUM NICKEL FLOW

ACID ION CADMIUM BATTERIES
• The four main types of solar batteries are lead acid, lithium ion, nickel cadmium, and flow
batteries.
• Lead acid batteries have been around for the longest and are known for their low prices and
reliability, but they require regular maintenance.
• Despite being expensive, lithium ion batteries are becoming the most popular choice for
residential solar batteries because they have a long lifespan and require no maintenance.
• Nickel cadmium batteries are more popular for commercial-scale projects because they can
operate at extreme temperatures and don’t require complex battery management systems.
• Flow batteries are large in size and very expensive, which is why this emerging battery technology
is mostly used for large-scale battery storage.
• NOTE: If the temperature drops below 30 degrees, most solar batteries usually require a lot of
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IRRADIANCE
FACTORS AFFECTING PV POWER
When irradiance increases, current in a OUTPUT
PV array increases
proportionally. G , I, V
Voltage also increases but only marginally

MODULE TEMPERATURE
• When module temperature increases, voltage decreases.
• Current increases but only marginally. T , V, I

SHADING
• When modules are shaded from the sun, there will be substantial power output drop.
• Solar pathfinder is used to evaluate this effect.

MODULE MISMATCH
•Every PV module manufacturer gives a tolerance range for the output of their modules.
•If a string consist of modules with different power tolerances, the power output will be lower
than expected.
•A good practice is to not mix modules from different manufacturers or different models.
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DIRT
FACTORS AFFECTING PV POWER
OUTPUT
•Dirt on module surfaces can block sunshine from fully reaching the PV cell.
•This will result in power output drop.
•Modules are usually tilted slightly during installation to allow rain to naturally clean the
modules.
CABLE SIZING
• Cables have its own resistance which will result in a voltage drop.
• It is important to choose proper cable size to ensure that the voltage does not go below the
minimum allowable level.
• According to the MS1837 standard, the maximum voltage drop allowed from PV array to
inverter is 5% only.

AGING
PV modules have an expected lifespan of around 20 to 25 years.
Generally, the power output will decrease gradually due to natural aging.
This degradation aspect needs to be considered when estimating future power output from
the systems.
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WHAT IS
CONCENTRATED-
CONCENTRATING
SOLAR THERMAL
THERMAL SOLAR? CONCENTRATING
(CST) SOLAR POWER (CSP)

Solar energy Generate solar power by

technology that using mirrors or lenses to
uses sunlight to concentrate a large area of
generate heat sunlight onto a receiver

Solar Collector:
Solar Collector: Concentrating
Flat plate collector collector
Installation: Home, Installation: Grid
office, school power plant
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ADVANTAGES OF CONCENTRATED-
THERMAL SOLAR
SYSTEMS
1. Uncomplicated Implementations and Operations
• Corresponding power plant closely resembles most power
plants based on steam turbines and systematic.
2. Supplements Other Sources of Energy
• Promoting a more as a secure energy grid
3. Relatively Uninterrupted Source of Electricity
• The electricity they generate is more sustainable,
predictable, and reliable.
4. Converts Solar Energy into a Transportable Form
Energy
• CSP break apart water molecules to harness hydrogen
without carbon emissions.
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The collector

CONCENTRATING contains specially

coated (cooper) The pipes
The sun will radiate reinforced glass themselves will be
SOLAR THERMAL light towards the
solar panel (Flat
pipes to capture
the radiation
embedded in an
insulated container
(CST) SYSTEM plate collector). emitted from the
sun, which can
to prevent heat
energy being lost.
then be transferred
(WATER HEATING) into heat.

The heat energy

will go to solar
controller that can
Hot water can be The heat from the controls the
used. The water panel is transferred circulating pump in
that has to a storage a solar hot water
warm/cooled in the cylinder as the system to harvest
tank will go to the heat transfer
. fluid as much heat as
solar panel and flows through a coil possible from the
repeat the process of pipe inside the solar panels and
again. cylinder. protect the system
from overheating
(Not exceeding 70
Celsius ).
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LINEAR DISH/ENGINE
POWER TOWER
CONCENTRATING SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SYSTEM

CONCENTRATING SOLAR
POWER (CSP) SYSTEM

How does concentrating solar power work?

 Mirrors to reflect and concentrate sunlight onto a receiver .

 The energy from the concentrated sunlight heats a high temperature fluid in the receiver.
 This heat - also known as thermal energy - can be used to spin a turbine or power an engine to
generate electricity (grid power plant).
 Sun-tracking
A heat-transfer fluid
mirrors, known
POWER The sun will radiate
light towards the
mirror (heliostats).
as heliostats, focus
sunlight onto a
heated in the
receiver is used to
heat a working fluid
receiver at the top
(oil/molten salt).
TOWER of a central tower.

SYSTEM The steam

produced in the
The steam turbine The heat fluid from
steam drum will
is then used to run the receiver
increase the air
a generator, transfer to steam
pressure in the
producing drum for the steam
turbine which will
electricity. create process .
drive the steam
turbine.

Steam condenser
converted
condensate the
exhaust steam/gas
Repeat the
from turbine to a
process.
liquid at a pressure
level below
atmospheric
pressure.
 Sun-tracking mirrors,
LINEAR The sun will radiate
light towards the mirror
known as parabolic
trough, focus sunlight
A heat-transfer fluid
heated in the parallel
tube receiver is used
onto parallel tube
CONCENTRATIN (parabolic through)
receivers positioned
above them
to heat a working fluid
(oil/molten salt)

G SYSTEM
The steam produced
The heat fluid from the
The steam turbine is in the thermal storage
parallel tube receiver
then used to run a tank will increase the
generator, producing transfer to thermal
air pressure in the
electricity. storage tank for the
turbine which will drive
steam create process
the steam turbine

Steam condenser
converted condensate
the
exhaust steam/gas
Repeat the process.
from turbine to a liquid
Parabolic Trough Systems at a pressure level
below atmospheric
pressure.
 Sun-tracking
LINEAR The sun will radiate
mirrors, known
as linear fresnel
A heat-transfer fluid
heated in the
light towards the reflector, focus parallel tube
CONCENTRATING mirror (parabolic
through)
sunlight onto
parallel tube
receiver is used to
heat a working fluid
receivers positioned (oil/molten salt)
SYSTEM above them

Steam condenser The heat fluid from

converted the parallel tube
condensate the The steam turbine receiver will
exhaust steam/gas is then used to run
produce steam that
from turbine to a a generator,
liquid at a pressure producing make air pressure
level below electricity. in the turbine which
atmospheric will drive the steam
pressure. turbine

Repeat the process.

Linear Fresnel Reflector Systems
 Sun-tracking mirrors,
The sun will radiate
DISH/ENGINE light towards the mirror
(dish.)
known as dish,
concentrate sunlight
onto a thermal receiver.

SYSTEM
Intermediate fluid from
Thermal receiver is
thermal receiver will
bank of tubes with a
boiling and condensing
cooling fluid—usually
transfers the heat to the
hydrogen or helium.
engine.

Engine takes the heat The mechanical work,

from the thermal in the form of the
rotation of the engine's
receiver to move crankshaft, drives a
pistons and create generator and produces
mechanical power. electrical power.
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PV SOLAR & THERMAL

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Description
Owning a solar system necessitates operation
and maintenance
Mission 01
It's one of the most important techniques to ensure
that your system generates the maximum power.
Mission 02
By preventing depreciation and impairment, solar
operation.
Mission 03
Maintenance help to extend the life of infrastructure
and equipment.
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TYPES OF SOLAR ENERGY MAINTENANCE

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

• Extreme metal dust panel

cleaning

• Inverter inspection
and maintenance
 • Detail inspection on
panel performance by IV
Curve Analysis .

• Remove vegetation
with natural herbicide

Solar arrays should undergo a preventative maintenance inspection at least once a

year, or more often depending on system size.
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MONITARING & CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE

MONITARING

• Real time remote monitoring

CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE
• Panel replacement
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TIPS FOR MAINTENANCE OF

SOLAR PANELS
Keep solar panels out of the
shade, as they produce less
energy when they are
unable to receive any
sunlight.
Keep track of daily
If you don't have time to clean your
performance to optimize solar panels, you can install
automated cleaners
solar panel upkeep

Check the solar panels

Monitoring systems allow you to see
for flashing green lights
how much you are helping the
and check sure the
environment and how much CO2 you
inverters are working
are releasing.
properly.
SOLAR THERMAL
SYSTEMS
• Solar energy systems require periodic inspections and routine
maintenance to keep them operating efficiently. Also, from
time to time, components may need repair or replacement.
You should also take steps to prevent scaling, corrosion, and
freezing.
• You might be able to handle some of the inspections and
maintenance tasks on your own, but others may require a
qualified technician
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PERIOD INSPECTION LIST

Here are some suggested inspections of

solar system components. Also read your
owner's manual for a suggested
maintenance schedule.
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COLLECTOR COLLECTOR
SHADING SOILING
Visually check for
shading of the
collectors during the Dusty or soiled collectors will
perform poorly. Periodic
day (mid-morning,
cleaning may be necessary in
noon, and mid- dry, dusty climates.
afternoon) on an
annual basis. Shading
can greatly affect the
performance of solar
collectors.
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COLLECTOR GLAZING AND
SEALS
Look for cracks in the collector
glazing, and check to see if seals are
in good condition. Plastic glazing, if
excessively yellowed, may need to
be replaced
PLUMBING, DUCTWORK, AND
WIRING CONNECTIONS
Look for fluid leaks at pipe connections.
Check duct connections and seals. Ducts
should be sealed with a mastic
compound. All wiring connections should
be tight.
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PIPING, DUCT, AND WIRING ROOF PENETRATIONS

INSULATION
Look for damage or degradation of Flashing and sealant around roof
insulation covering pipes, ducts, and penetrations should be in good
wiring. condition.
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SUPPORT STRUCTURES PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

Check all nuts and bolts attaching the Make sure the valve is not stuck open or
collectors to any support structures for closed.
tightness.
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DAMPERS
Check all nuts and bolts attaching the
collectors to any support structures for
tightness.

PUMPS OR BLOWERS

Listen to see if they come on when the sun is shining

on the collectors after mid-morning
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HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS

Antifreeze solutions in liquid (hydronic) solar heating collectors need to be

replaced periodically. It's a task best left to a qualified technician. If water with
a high mineral content (i.e., hard water) is circulated in the collectors, mineral
buildup in the piping may need to be removed by adding a de-scaling or mild
acidic solution to the water every few years.
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STORAGE SYSTEMS

Check storage tanks, etc., for cracks, leaks, rust, or other

signs of corrosion.
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Techno-
economical
Assessments
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INTRODUCTION
 A model to investigate the acceptance of Malaysian SME industries towards solar
thermal technology as an alternative to current energy sources for the heating process
was developed.
 The research was conducted by developing a system dynamics model using TEF
technique.
 The model was tested based on business as a usual scenario where the current setting
was divided into two technical and economic categories such :

TECHNO ( TECHNICAL ) ECONOMICAL

solar fraction working days in a year
energy for heating 40 gallons energy yield from evacuated
water tube collector (ETC)
solar thermal life time total cost and discount rate.

temperature level
level of radiation
solar efficiency
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Solar renewable energy

RESEARCH METHOD
The objective of TEF is to identify the technical and
01 economic feasibility for solar thermal installation for
SME low temperature heating process in Malaysia.

The cores of the TEF data for the technical and economic

02 component of the solar thermal heating technology are

based on the previously completed project (Poultry Processing
Malaysia PPNJ). Simulation structure for techno-
economic analysis Techno-Economic
Percentage of techno-economic influence, the capacity Feasibility (TEF)
03 installation will be determined for each year and
accumulates for next 20 years.

The studies focused on payback period, net present

04 value(NPV), life cycle saving (LCS) and life cycle costing

fuel price.
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System Dynamics
In 1958, System Dynamics was introduced for
01 information feedback characteristic of industry
activity.
System Dynamics has been used for the TEF studies

02 since it is a methodology to discover a complexity of the

system and change over simulated time..

It employs an output of systems thinking and focuses

03 on building and analyzing model through stock and flow

of the input and output.

The model developed by System Dynamics has the

04 ability to distinguish between stock, flows, policy

and management issues
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STAGES OF SYSTEM DYNAMICS

MODELING PROCESS INVOLVED

Step 05
Step 03
Step 01
model formulation model testing and finally
problem conceptualization

Step 02 Step 04
Step 06
qualitative problem mapping model calibratio knowledge translation
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Insert your subtitle

SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING

PROCESS
Selection of model boundary has been determined. In
this study, the boundary of the model has been limited
to SME process industries with the low temperature
heating process.

causal loop diagram and stock and flow diagrams

were develop.
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The parameters, quantitative causal relations, decision

rules and the initial conditions have been specified in
the third stage. System of differential equations with
complex feedback relationships between variables was
used.

The reference mode reproduction and matching of

observed data point were performed.

The learning environment was carried out to understand the

outcome and the impact of the outcome.
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Solar renewable energy

Techno-Economic
 Solar thermal technologies can be considered young
technologies
 The objective of having the study is to identify which
parameter has a bigger influence on solar thermal
installation in Malaysia’s SME.

 Technical matters, the analysis looks at the area

needed for installation, anticipate the heating energy
consumption, energy used for heating the water, solar
fraction, solar thermal collector life time, system
performance, and system efficiency.

 The TEF study can be used as an input element to test

the impact on Malaysian STIC for next 20 years.
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RESULTS AND
ANALYSIS
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Solar renewabla energy

RESULTS
The percentage of two outputs STIC and ASTIC
were monitored for over twenty years..
The results showed that the techno-economic
influence, took almost 17 years for the investor to
have confidence (50%) on the solar heating
technology..

The annual solar thermal installation (ASTI) takes almost

8 years to increase the kWh number for solar thermal
technology installation from 10kW to 20kW annually
under business as usual (BAU) scenario.
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SUMMARY
 TEF model was developed to determine the techno-
economic influence on STIC for heating process
industries in Malaysia. The results have revealed that
the economic factor does have great influence on STIC
compared to technical parameters.

 Therefore, for the effect of economic influence on

STIC for process industries can be reduced by
developing the new policy specific for industries.
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Environmental
assessments of
renewable energy
systems.
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Solar renewable energy

INTRODUCTION
The environmental effects of solar-PV and solar-thermal

01 frameworks by a systematic life-cycle assessment (LCA)

approach and compare the findings for a better informed
choice.

LCA analyses to find the hazards of solar technologies that

02 directly affect the human body , but they have not measured
the rate of energy used from fossil-fuel-based sources in
manufacturing solar-PV and solar-thermal systems.
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Previous studies of life

cycle assessment of
solar-thermal system
and their limitations.

Literature review on previous studies of LCA-based

03 solar-thermal and solar-PV systems and the summary
is highlighted in Table, respectively..

Remarkable role that solar technologies have to play in

04 reducing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
Solaire Powered Environment assessment

Life-Cycle Assessment Method

Step 01 Life-cycleStep 03
environmental-impact
Goal and scope definition, where the LCA evaluation, where impacts are
objective is highlighted and the boundaries assessed for sixteen effect
are determined indicators.

Step 02 Step 04
Life-cycle inventory, where the
Impact outcome interpretation, where obtained
energy, material and emission-
effects are annotated and examined with the
based input–output flows are
objective of the LCA
assembled
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Results and
Discussion
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Environmental Profiles of the

Solar-Thermal System
 The solar collector takes 25% of its total inputs from
nature and others from other non-nature-based sources.

 It releases about 22% to solid waste, about 18% to the

soil, about 7% to water and about 18% to air. On the other
hand, the boiler released mostly solid waste (about 48%).

 Almost 18% of its inputs comes from nature. However, the

pump and valve of the solar-thermal system emitted more
output to water, whilst the boiler, reservoir and
temperature gauge emitted significant outputs as solid
waste.
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solar-thermal system emits more hazardous

materials and is highly responsible for more of
the impact categories like

 land use
 freshwater ecotoxicity
 Marine
 terrestrial eutrophication
 acidification
 photochemical ozone formation,
 Ionizing radiation
 particulate matter
 human toxicity
 climate change
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SUMMARY
 Environmental impacts of each elements of the considered solar
technologies and identifies the better environmentally-friendly option
in the case of battery energy storage and solar collectors.

 The outcomes also reveal that the solar-PV system is less impactful
for human health, climate change and the ecosystem than the solar-
thermal system.

 Protect the environment from hazardous emissions by the solar

technologies, future research should be directed toward finding
replacements for hazardous parts or processes by others that have a
superior profile in terms of the environment.
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POTENTIAL
OF THE
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
RESOURCES
TO BE
IMPLEMENTE
D IN
MALAYSIA
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POTENTIAL OF SOLAR ENERGY
TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN
MALAYSIA
• Malaysia has a promising potential to
establish solar power plant due to is
located at equatorial zone, received
great average daily solar radiation (4500
kWh/m2) and abundant sunshine for
about 10 hours per day.

• However, solar energy seems so

unpopular because of high cost of
installation and solar electricity tariff
rate.
 POTENTIAL OF SOLAR ENERGY
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TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN
MALAYSIA
• Solar energy is a renewable,
environmentally friendly, pollution free
and freely available energy source.
(Tiwari and Mishra, 2012). The most difficult
component of using solar energy is the
unpredictability of the weather.

• Malaysia, on the other hand, is lucky to

have climate characteristics such as:

• Consistent temperatures
• Low breezes despite high humidity
• Abundant rainfall.
 POTENTIAL OF SOLAR ENERGY
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TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN
MALAYSIA
• The amount of solar radiation
intercepted by the Earth is much
higher than annual global energy use.
Large-scale availability of solar energy
depends on a region’s geographic
position, typical weather conditions,
and land availability.
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IMPLEMENTATIONS
OF THE SOLAR THERMAL IN
MALAYSIA
• Most of recent studies on solar energy in
Malaysia has more focused on the
development and implementation of PV
technologies compared to solar thermal
technologies.

• In Malaysia, there has been less

development and deployment of solar
thermal technologies because it is still a
new technology.
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IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE
SOLAR THERMAL IN MALAYSIA

2012 2014
Rafeeu and Ab Kadir
(2012) Affandi et al. (2014)

Carried out experimental models with

By examining CSP technology, climatic
various geometrical sizes and diameter of
data, and Direct Solar Irradiance, Affandi
solar dish concentrators to analyse the
et al. (2014) investigated the feasibility of
effect of geometry on a solar irradiation and
installing Concentrated Solar Power
temperature and in maximising the solar
(CSP) in Malaysia.
fraction under Malaysian environment.
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2014
Tijani and Roslan (2014)

Simulated the heat losses

(radiation and convection)
related with the Solar
Parabolic Trough
Collector's heat collection
element (HCE) (PTC).
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EXAMPLE SOLAR THERMAL
INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA
SOLAR THERMAL FOR PALM
OIL
To investigate the feasibility of the solar thermal in
Palm oil industry in Malaysia by evaluating the key
determining factors such as:

• Processes operational condition

• Solar thermal potential based on irradiation.

Focuses on the sector and provides an outline of

potential scenarios for solar thermal in Malaysia.
The findings of this study will aid the industry in
deciding which solar thermal technology to use in
priority processes.
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NUMBER OF COMPANIES AND THE
TOTAL CAPACITIES IN OPERATION IN
MALAYSIA FOR 2018
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PALM OIL SECTORS HEAT
DEMAND BY TEMPERATURE
RANGES ADAPTED
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THE CHALLENGES OF SOLAR

IMPLEMENTATION FOR LOW
TEMPERATURE HEAT DEMAND

• The availability of solar thermal energy affects the

difficulty of efficiently capturing energy from solar
radiation. The amount of solar irradiation is
proportional to the geographical location, and
Malaysia benefits from its strategic location near
the equator (Affandi et al., 2014)
Affandi et al 2014
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THE CHALLENGES OF SOLAR
IMPLEMENTATION FOR LOW
TEMPERATURE HEAT DEMAND
Sing et al. (2018)
In the context of Malaysia, Sing et
al. (2018) assessed the trade-off
between solar utility temperature
and system efficiency, as well as
the economic feasibility of an
integrated solar thermal system,
by examining several process
Andreas
temperature ranges and Co Founder
integration configurations.
Islam et al.
Islam et al. (2019)
(2019)conducted a
similar techno-economic analysis of
CSP technologies in Malaysia. PTC,
solar power tower (SPT), and solar
parabolic dish (SPD) technologies
were evaluated, with the results
indicating that PTC and SPT type
plants are particularly suitable for
locations in East and Peninsular
Malaysia.
 THE CHALLENGES OF SOLAR
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IMPLEMENTATION FOR LOW
TEMPERATURE HEAT DEMAND
 This problem can be
overcome by doing and
 The amount of heat integration
energy that can optimization and
be captured is selecting the best
also determined solar thermal
by other factors collector technology.
such as the size The design stage for a
of the solar solar thermal system is
thermal also critical to ensure
collector. that it can meet future
heat demand.
 SUCCESSFULLY
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PROJECT
IMPLEMENTED OF
• Using evacuation tube plates
SOLAR THERMAL
for the blanching process to
meet the heat need of 70 to 75
°C for processing meat
products.

• The solar thermal plant used a

solar loop to heat the scalding
tank between 80 and 90
degrees Celsius (Solar Heat for
Industrial Processes, 2017).
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238k 150k

Won second place at the ASEAN

PPNJ POULTRY & Energy Awards in the Off Grid Thermal

category
MEAT SDN.BHD.
MACHAP,JOHO
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PROSPECT OF SOLAR THERMAL

FiT rate is
Stimulate the
contractually
use of
fixed for the
renewable
effective
energy
period

Provides
adequate
Help the degression to
renewable promote
energy sector cost reduction
grow faster to achieve
grid parity
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PROSPECT OF SOLAR THERMAL

 Launched a national project on GHG

Emissions Reductions in Targeted
Industrial Sub-Sectors through
Energy Efficiency (EE) and
Application of Solar Thermal
Systems to address the gaps in solar
thermal in Malaysia
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PROSPECT OF SOLAR THERMAL

01 Developed to promote solar thermal implementation
programmed, seminars, and workshops to the local
industries, suppliers, and vendors.

Works in Malaysia on projects to reduce

02 GHG emissions through energy efficiency
(EE) and the use of solar thermal systems.

Improve thermal EE in manufacturing and

03 processing plants, with solar thermal
solutions being considered for integration in
specific industrial sub-sectors.
 CONCLUSION AND
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RECOMMENDATIONS
• Malaysia has a great potential for large-scale solar
thermal implementation in industry and commercial
buildings

• The palm oil refinery and oleochemical industries have

the potential to create a lot of jobs

• The palm oil refining and oleochemical industries have

potential, and suitable solar collectors for heating
demand

• Additional efforts in solar thermal research and

development are needed

View more
Solaire Powered SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA
The geographical Solar photovoltaic
location of system has high
Malaysia is cost of its initial
strategic system

The cost of solar

FiT scheme will allow photovoltaic generator
the owner to get paid has declined
for the amount of approximately 50%
electricity generated in between 2010 and 2014
kilowatt-hour (kWh). (Renewable Energy
Policy Network).
Solaire Powered BENEFITS OF SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC
Solaire Powered PROBLEMS RELATED TO SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC
IMPLEMENTATION IN BUILDING
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FACTORS THAT ENCOURAGE
THE UTILIZATION OF SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC
Solaire Powered WHAT IS NET ENERGY
METERING?
 NEM is one of the options for you
to generate electricity from your
own solar PV system, and offset
or reduce your electricity bills. 12K

 This system is designed to provide

credit for any excess of solar energy
you generate

 It is then used to offset your next

electricity bill.
 EXAMPLE SOLAR
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PHOTOVOLTAIC PROGRAM IN
MALAYSIA
 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC FOR NET
ENERGY METERING (NEM) PROGRAM
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CONCLUSION
In conclusion, as a result of ongoing
concerns about climate change,
renewable energy sources have become
a significant part of the global energy
consumption portfolio. So, thermal solar
is possible to developed in Malaysia.

Solar thermal energy which is widely

employed in Malaysia, can help to
mitigate negative environmental effects.
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VIDEO

..\Downloads\Betul Ke Guna Solar

Jimat.mp4
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PREPARED BY:
1. MUHAMAD IZZAT HAZMIE BIN NORAFANDI
2. MUHAMMAD AFIFUDDIN BIN AZIZUDDIN
3. MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN NOOR AZMY
4. NUR ATIFAH BINTI BAKRI

MENTORED BY: TS. ASRI BIN DIN

Thank
You